assignment of patent

29 Jan 2024

Patent Assignment: How to Transfer Ownership of a Patent

By Michael K. Henry, Ph.D.

• Intellectual Property
• Patent Prosecution

This is the second in a two-part blog series on owning and transferring the rights to a patent. ( Read part one here. )

As we discussed in the first post in this series, patent owners enjoy important legal and commercial benefits: They have the right to exclude others from making, selling, using or importing the claimed invention, and to claim damages from anyone who infringes their patent.

However, a business entity can own a patent only if the inventors have assigned the patent rights to the business entity. So if your employees are creating valuable IP on behalf of your company, it’s important to get the patent assignment right, to ensure that your business is the patent owner.

In this post, we’ll take a closer look at what a patent assignment even is — and the best practices for approaching the process. But remember, assignment (or transfer of ownership) is a function of state law, so there might be some variation by state in how all this gets treated.

What Is a Patent Assignment and Why Does it Matter?

A patent assignment is an agreement where one entity (the “assignor”) transfers all or part of their right, title and interest in a patent or application to another entity (the “assignee”). 

In simpler terms, the assignee receives the original owner’s interest and gains the exclusive rights to pursue patent protection (through filing and prosecuting patent applications), and also to license and enforce the patent. 

Ideally, your business should own its patents if it wants to enjoy the benefits of the patent rights. But  under U.S. law , only an inventor or an assignee can own a patent — and businesses cannot be listed as an inventor. Accordingly, patent assignment is the legal mechanism that transfers ownership from the inventor to your business.

Patent Assignment vs. Licensing

Keep in mind that an assignment is different from a license. The difference is analogous to selling versus renting a house.

In a license agreement, the patent owner (the “licensor”) gives another entity (the “licensee”) permission to use the patented technology, while the patent owner retains ownership. Like a property rental, a patent license contemplates an ongoing relationship between the licensor and licensee.

In a patent assignment, the original owner permanently transfers its ownership to another entity. Like a property sale, a patent assignment is a permanent transfer of legal rights.

U sing Employment Agreements to Transfer Patent Ownership

Before your employees begin developing IP,  implement strong hiring policies  that ensure your IP rights will be legally enforceable in future.

If you’re bringing on a new employee, have them sign an  employment agreement  that establishes up front what IP the company owns — typically, anything the employee invents while under your employment. This part of an employment agreement is often presented as a self-contained document, and referred to as a “Pre-Invention Assignment Agreement” (PIAA).

The employment agreement should include the following provisions:

• Advance assignment of any IP created while employed by your company, or using your company’s resources
• An obligation to disclose any IP created while employed by your company, or using your company’s resources
• An ongoing obligation to provide necessary information and execute documents related to the IP they created while employed, even after their employment ends
• An obligation not to disclose confidential information to third parties, including when the employee moves on to a new employer

To track the IP your employees create, encourage your employees to document their contributions by completing  invention disclosure records .

But the paperwork can be quite involved, which is why your employment policies should also include  incentives to create and disclose valuable IP .

Drafting Agreements for Non-Employees

Some of the innovators working for your business might not have a formal employer-employee relationship with the business. If you don’t make the appropriate arrangements beforehand, this could complicate patent assignments. Keep an eye out for the following staffing arrangements:

• Independent contractors:  Some inventors may be self-employed, or they may be employed by one of your service providers.
• Joint collaborators:  Some inventors may be employed by, say, a subsidiary or service company instead of your company.
• Anyone who did work through an educational institution : For example, Ph.D. candidates may not be employees of either their sponsoring institution or your company.

In these cases, you can still draft contractor or collaborator agreements using the same terms outlined above. Make sure the individual innovator signs it before beginning any work on behalf of your company.

O btaining Written Assignments for New Patent Applications

In addition to getting signed employment agreements, you should  also  get a written assignments for each new patent application when it’s filed, in order to memorialize ownership of the specific patent property.

Don’t rely exclusively on the employment agreement to prove ownership:

• The employment agreement might contain confidential terms, so you don’t want to record them with the patent office
• Because employment agreements are executed before beginning the process of developing the invention, they won’t clearly establish what specific patent applications are being assigned

While you  can  execute the formal assignment for each patent application after the application has been filed, an inventor or co-inventor who no longer works for the company might refuse to execute the assignment.

As such, we recommend executing the assignment before filing, to show ownership as of the filing date and avoid complications (like getting signatures from estranged inventors).

How to Execute a Written Patent Agreement

Well-executed invention assignments should:

• Be in writing:  Oral agreements to assign patent rights are typically not enforceable in the United States
• Clearly identify all parties:  Include the names, addresses, and relationship of the assignor(s) and assignee
• Clearly identify the patent being assigned:  State the patent or patent application number, title, inventors, and filing date
• Be signed by the assignors
• Be notarized : If notarization isn’t possible, have one or two witnesses attest to the signatures

Recording a Patent Assignment With the USPTO

Without a recorded assignment with the U.S. patent office, someone else could claim ownership of the issued patent, and you could even lose your rights in the issued patent in some cases. 

So the patent owner (the Assignee) should should record the assignment through the  USPTO’s Assignment Recordation Branch . They can use the  Electronic Patent Assignment System (EPAS)  to file a  Recordation Cover Sheet  along with a copy of the actual patent assignment agreement.

They should submit this paperwork  within three months  of the assignment’s date. If it’s recorded electronically, the USPTO  won’t charge a recordation fee .

Need to check who owns a patent?  The USPTO website  publicly lists all information about a patent’s current and previous assignments.

When Would I Need to Execute a New Assignment for a Related Application?

You’ll need only one patent assignment per patent application, unless new matter is introduced in a new filing (e.g., in a  continuation-in-part , or in a non-provisional application that adds new matter to a  provisional application ). In that case, you’ll need an additional assignment to cover the new matter — even if it was developed by the same inventors.

What If an Investor Won’t Sign the Written Assignment?

If you can’t get an inventor to sign an invention assignment, you can still move forward with a patent application — but you’ll need to document your ownership. To document ownership, you can often rely on an   employee agreement ,  company policy ,  invention disclosure , or other employment-related documentation.

D o I Need to Record My Assignments in Foreign Countries?

Most assignments transfer all rights, title, and interest in all patent rights throughout the world.

But in some countries, the assignment might not be legally effective until the assignment has been recorded in that country — meaning that the assignee can’t enforce the patent rights, or claim damages for any infringement that takes place before the recordation. 

And there might be additional formal requirements that aren’t typically required in the United States. For example, some countries might require a transfer between companies to be signed by both parties, and must contain one or both parties’ addresses.

If you’re assigning patents issued by a foreign country, consult a patent attorney in that country to find out what’s required to properly document the transfer of ownership.

N eed Help With Your Patent Assignments?

Crafting robust assignment agreements is essential to ensuring the proper transfer of patent ownership. An  experienced patent professional  can help you to prepare legally enforceable documentation.

Henry Patent Law Firm has worked with tech businesses of all sizes to execute patent assignments —  contact us now  to learn more.

GOT A QUESTION? Whether you want to know more about the patent process or think we might be a good fit for your needs – we’d love to hear from you!

Michael K. Henry, Ph.D.

Michael K. Henry, Ph.D., is a principal and the firm’s founding member. He specializes in creating comprehensive, growth-oriented IP strategies for early-stage tech companies.

10 Jan 2024

Geothermal Energy: An Overview of the Patent Landscape

By Michael Henry

Don't miss a new article. Henry Patent Law's Patent Law News + Insights blog is designed to help people like you build smart, scalable patent strategies that protect your intellectual property as your business grows. Subscribe to receive email updates every time we publish a new article — don't miss out on key tips to help your business be more successful.

Sample Patent Assignment Agreements

Three examples of standard language you'd use to assign your rights in a patent..

If you hold a patent , then you have certain exclusive rights over your particular invention, and those rights have economic value. By way of background, a patent is a form of intellectual property that gives inventors certain exclusive rights over their inventions. Typically those exclusive rights last for 20 years, and serve to prevent others in the marketplace from copying (or "infringing") that patented invention.

Getting your patent probably took a good amount of time and money, and you don't want others to take advantage of that. Still, there are times when you might want to license or otherwise assign your patent.

Most commonly, you would do this for monetary reasons, giving another person or entity the ability to borrow or buy your patent in exchange for some amount of money or payment stream. Of course, you'd want to make sure the agreement is clearly set forth in writing.

To help you with this, three sample patent assignment agreements are provided below. They are intended to be used as follows:

• ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS OF PATENT: An assignment is intended for use for a patent that has been issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
• ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS TO APPLICATION: This type of assignment is for the rights to an invention for which a patent application has been filed. However, there is no guarantee that the USPTO will approve this application, so the assignment has lesser value.
• ASSIGNMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS WITHOUT PATENT FILED: This type of assignment is intended for use when no application has been filed and no registration has been granted for the invention. Obviously, this method has the lowest economic value of the three types of assignments.

Before filling out one of these, you should read more about the process of assigning patents and speak with a patent attorney to ensure that you are not giving up any important rights or protections. Patent assignments are complex, and often need customization by an experienced lawyer before use.

• ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS - PATENT ISSUED
• ASSIGNMENT OF RIGHTS: PATENT APPLICATION
• Assignee Can Be Applicant
• ASSIGNMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: NO PATENT ISSUED OR APPLICATION FILED
• Additional Resources

____________ [insert name of person or company assigning rights] ("Assignor") is owner of U.S. Patent Number: ______, dated ______, titled ____________ [insert name of invention], (the "Patent"). ___________ [insert name of person or company to whom rights will be assigned] ("Assignee") desires to acquire rights in and to the Patent.

Therefore, for valuable consideration, the receipt of which is acknowledged, Assignor assigns to Assignee ____% [insert percentage of interest that is being assigned - it can be less than 100%, but it cannot be more than 100%] of his or her right, title and interest in the invention and Patent to Assignee for the entire term of the Patent and any reissues or extensions and for the entire terms of any patents, reissues, or extensions that may issue from foreign applications, divisions, continuations in whole or part, or substitute applications filed claiming the benefit of the Patent. The right, title, and interest conveyed in this Assignment is to be held and enjoyed by Assignee and Assignee's successors as fully and exclusively as it would have been held and enjoyed by Assignor had this assignment not been made.

Assignor further agrees to: (a) cooperate with Assignee in the protection of the patent rights and prosecution and protection of foreign counterparts; (b) execute, verify, acknowledge and deliver all such further papers, including patent applications and instruments of transfer; and (c) perform such other acts as Assignee lawfully may request to obtain or maintain the Patent and any and all applications and registrations for the invention in any and all countries.

Date: _______________ ________________________

[to be completed by notary public]

On this _____ day of _________, before me, _________________________, the undersigned Notary Public, personally appeared ____________ ASSIGNOR, personally known to me (or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence) to be the person whose name is subscribed to the within instrument, and acknowledged to me that he or she executed the same. WITNESS my hand and official seal in _____________ County of ______________ on the date set forth in this certificate.

________________________________

Notary Public

___________ [insert name of person or company assigning rights] ("Assignor") is owner of _____________ [insert name of invention] , as described in the U.S. Patent Application signed by Assignor on _____ [insert date you signed your patent application] , U.S. Patent and Trademark office Serial Number: _____, filed ________ [insert filing date], (the "Patent Application"). ___________ [insert name of person or company to whom rights will be assigned] , ("Assignee") desires to acquire all rights in and to the Patent Application and the patent (and any reissues or extensions) that may be granted.

Therefore, for valuable consideration, the receipt of which is acknowledged, Assignor assigns to Assignee ___% [insert percentage of interest that is being assigned - it can be less than 100%, but it cannot be more than 100%] of his or her right, title, and interest in the invention and Patent Application (as well as such rights in any divisions, continuations in whole or part, or substitute applications) to Assignee for the entire term of the issued Patent and any reissues or extensions that may be granted and for the entire terms of any and all foreign patents that may issue from foreign applications (as well as divisions, continuations in whole or part, or substitute applications) filed claiming the benefit of the Patent Application.

Assignor authorizes the United States Patent and Trademark Office to issue any Patents resulting from the Patent Application to Assignee according to the percentage interest indicated in this assignment. The right, title, and interest is to be held and enjoyed by Assignee and Assignee's successors and assigns as fully and exclusively as it would have been held and enjoyed by Assignor had this assignment not been made.

Assignor further agrees to: (a) cooperate with Assignee in the prosecution of the Application and foreign counterparts; (b) execute, verify, acknowledge, and deliver all such further papers, including patent applications and instruments of transfer; and (c) perform such other acts as Assignee lawfully may request to obtain or maintain the Patent for the invention in any and all countries.

Date: _______________ ____________________

Now, as a result of passage of the America Invents Act (AIA) in 2012, the assignee (the person or company to whom the inventor assigned rights) can be listed as a the patent applicant (the "obligated assignee"). Although proof of the assignment is not required at the time of filing, the assignment document must be filed by the time that the issue fee is due for the application.

______________ [insert name of person or company assigning rights] ("Assignor") is the owner of all proprietary and intellectual property rights, including copyrights and patents, in the concepts and technologies known as _____________ [insert name of invention] and more specifically described in Attachment A [attach a description of the invention to the Assignment and label it "Attachment A"] to this Assignment (and referred to collectively as the "Invention") and the right to registrations to the Invention. ______________ [insert name of person or company to whom rights will be assigned] , ("Assignee") desires to acquire the ownership of all proprietary rights, including, but not limited to, the copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks and associated good will and patent rights in the Invention and the registrations to the Invention;

Therefore, for valuable consideration, the receipt of which is acknowledged, Assignor, hereby assigns to Assignee ___% [insert percentage of interest that is being assigned - it can be less than 100%, but it cannot be more than 100%] of all right, title and interest in the Invention, including:

(1) all copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks and associated good will and all patents which may be granted on the Invention;

(2) all applications for patents (including divisions, continuations in whole or part or substitute applications) in the United States or any foreign countries whose duty it is to issue such patents;

(3) any reissues and extensions of such patents; and

(4) all priority rights under the International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property for every member country.

Assignor warrants that: (1) Assignor is the legal owner of all right, title and interest in the Invention; (2) that such rights have not been previously licensed, pledged, assigned, or encumbered; and (3) that this assignment does not infringe on the rights of any person. Assignor agrees to cooperate with Assignee and to execute and deliver all papers, instruments, and assignments as may be necessary to vest all right, title, and interest in and to the intellectual property rights to the Invention in Assignor. Assignor further agrees to testify in any legal proceeding, sign all lawful papers and applications, and make all rightful oaths and generally do everything possible to aid Assignee to obtain and enforce proper protection for the Invention in all countries.

Date: _______________ ____________________________

On this _____ day of _________, before me, _________________________, the undersigned Notary Public, personally appeared ____________ ASSIGNOR, personally known to me (or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence) to be the person whose name is subscribed to the within instrument, and acknowledged to me that he or she executed the same.

As you consider assigning your patent, check out these additional resources from Nolo:

Letter Confirming Employee's Ownership of Intellectual Property Rights (Establish ownership of a creative work you have made as an employee).

Profit From Your Idea: How to Make Smart Licensing Deals (Get everything you need to protect and profit from your invention with this all-in-one guide).

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Understanding Patent Assignments: Definition, Usage, Benefits, and Recording Process at the USPTO

Trent V. Bolar, Esq.

A patent assignment is a legal mechanism through which ownership rights of a patent are transferred from one party (the assignor) to another (the assignee). This process plays a pivotal role in the world of intellectual property, enabling inventors and companies to manage their patent portfolios efficiently. In this article, we’ll explore what patent assignments are, how they are used, the benefits they offer, and the steps involved in recording one at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).

What is a Patent Assignment?

A patent assignment is a written contract or agreement that formally transfers the rights of a patent from the original patent holder (the assignor) to another individual or entity (the assignee). This legal transfer ensures that the assignee gains exclusive rights to the patented invention, assuming all associated rights and responsibilities.

Usage and Importance of Patent Assignments

• Licensing and Commercialization: Patent assignments are commonly used when inventors or companies wish to license their patented technology to other parties. By assigning the patent rights, the assignee gains the ability to commercialize the invention, potentially leading to the creation of new products, services, or revenue streams.
• Mergers and Acquisitions: In cases of mergers or acquisitions, patent assignments are essential for facilitating the transfer of intellectual property assets from one company to another. This process ensures that the acquiring entity gains full control over the patented technology.
• Innovative Collaborations: Assignments can also come into play when collaborating with external partners. For joint ventures or collaborative projects, it’s crucial to define each party’s ownership rights and responsibilities through a patent assignment agreement.

Benefits of Having a Patent Assignment

• Protection of Rights: For inventors or companies, patent assignments provide a legal safeguard, guaranteeing exclusive ownership of the patented technology. This deters potential infringement and ensures the assignee’s right to enforce the patent against unauthorized use.
• Monetization Opportunities: Patent assignments enable inventors to monetize their inventions without directly engaging in commercial activities. By assigning the patent to a third party, the inventor can focus on innovation, while the assignee handles commercialization and licensing.
• Facilitating Business Transactions: Patent assignments streamline mergers, acquisitions, and other business transactions, ensuring that all intellectual property rights are accurately transferred, reducing the risk of legal disputes in the future.

Recording a Patent Assignment at the USPTO

To make a patent assignment legally enforceable and publicly recordable, it must be filed with the USPTO. The following steps outline the process:

• Prepare the Assignment Agreement: Draft a clear and comprehensive assignment agreement detailing the parties involved, the patent’s full details (patent number, title, and date of issue), and the specific rights being transferred.
• Execution and Signatures: Have the assignment agreement signed by both the assignor and the assignee. Notarization may be required in some jurisdictions to ensure authenticity.
• Filing with the USPTO: Submit the completed assignment to the USPTO. This can be done electronically through the USPTO’s Assignment Recordation Branch (ARB) website or by mail.
• Recording Fees: Pay the required recording fees to the USPTO. The fee structure can vary based on the filing method and the number of patents being assigned.
• Confirmation of Recordation: Once processed, the USPTO will record the assignment and provide an official recordation certificate as proof of the assignment’s validity.

In conclusion, patent assignments are instrumental in managing intellectual property rights, fostering innovation, and facilitating various business transactions. By transferring ownership of patents, inventors and companies can unlock new opportunities, ensure their inventions are protected, and solidify collaborative partnerships. Ensuring proper documentation and following the correct procedures to record a patent assignment with the USPTO are critical steps in making this process legally binding and enforceable.

Author: Trent V. Bolar, Esq.( Profile ); Principal; 8xum IP LLC ( Website )

Disclaimer: All content in this article is intended for general information only, and should not be construed as legal advice. Information in this article may not constitute the most up-to-date legal or other information. The content in this article is provided “as is;” no representations are made that the content is error-free. This article may contain links to other third-party websites. Such links are only for the convenience of the reader, user or browser; 8xum IP LLC does not recommend or endorse the contents of the third-party sites. Use of, and access to, this article or any of the links or resources contained within do not create an attorney-client relationship between the reader, user, or browser and 8xum IP LLC. Before taking any action based on this website, you should consider your personal situation and seek professional advice. 8xum IP is a registered trademark of 8XUM IP LLC. All other trademarks, logos, and service marks used on this article are the property of their respective owners. The use of such trademarks does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by the trademark owners of this article or 8xum IP.

Copyright © 2023 8xum IP LLC | All rights reserved

Written by Trent V. Bolar, Esq.

Intellectual property attorney at 8xum IP | Passionate technology advocate | Strong believer in cost-effective legal solutions

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What is a Patent Assignment?

Whether you’re curious about assigning a patent to someone else or having a patent assigned to you, you might be wondering what a patent assignment is? Patent law allows patent holders to assign patents to other parties. Patent assignments often take place between an employee and his company, however, it’s not uncommon for a person to assign his interest to a patent to a third party. So, what exactly is a patent assignment? We will cover this below.

What is a Patent Assignment ?

A patent assignment is an agreement by the patent holder (assignor) to transfer his interest and ownership of a patent to another party known as the assignee (party receiving patent rights). Once a patent holder executes an assignment agreement assigning his interest in a patent to another party, the assignor loses his rights under the patent. The assignor (transferor) will no longer be able to stop others from using, making, and selling the patent invention. Instead, the assignee gains these rights.

In the United States, patent assignments are very common between an employee and his company because a company or business cannot apply for a patent. An inventor has to apply for a patent and then the inventor then assigns his interest under a patent to the company for which he is working.

An assignment transfers the ownership of the patent from the inventor or employee to the company for which he is working. That said, assignments can also be made by any two parties that agree to transfer ownership of a patent.

If you’re an inventor and you want to assign your patent to another party, just remember that patent assignments are final. Once an inventor assigns (transfers) his interest in a patent to another party, the assignment (transfer of rights) cannot be undone, it’s final.

What is a Patent Assignor?

What is a patent assignee.

A patent assignee is a person to whom the patent rights are transferred to. Said differently, the assignee is the new owner of the patent. An assignee should immediately record an assignment agreement with the patent office to establish his rights as the new patent owner.

Requirements to Execute a Patent Assignment Agreement

Once the assignment agreement is executed, it must be filed with the USPTO for the agreement to take effect. Please remember that the agreement needs to be in writing, oral agreements are not sufficient to transfer the rights from the patent holder to the assignee.

Who Owns the Patent After a Patent Assignment?

The assignor (person who transferred his rights) loses his rights under the patent and will no longer be able to enforce the patent. Assigning a patent is similar to selling a car and registering the title in someone else’s name. Once the patent is assigned, similar to registering the title of a vehicle in someone else’s name, the new owner is the assignee (person to whom the patent was transferred to). Once the assignment is recorded with the patent office, the records will be updated to show the assignee (new owner) of the patent. This information will then be made available to the public.

Assigning a Patent vs Licensing a Patent

Assigning a patent is much different than licensing a patent. When a patent holder assigns his interest in a patent to another party, he is usually transferring ownership of the patent to the other party. Patent licensing is different in that a license is merely a transfer of the right to use the patent in the manner specified in the licensing agreement. Assignments transfer ownership while a license transfers the right to use the patented invention. That said, if a patent is assigned, the information of the assignor and assignee will become part of the public record. Whereas if an inventor licenses his patent, that information is not typically published to the public.

Does a Patent Assignment Need to be Notarized?

Can multiple people own a patent.

Yes, multiple people can own a patent. For example, if three inventors make a single invention, all three are considered joint inventors and their names should appear on the patent application, as well as the issued patent.

Patent Assignment Tips

1) hire an attorney to assist you with your patent assignment, 2) don’t forget to record a patent assignment.

If you have been assigned a patent, don’t forget to record your assignment with the USPTO. We say this because patent assignments don’t go into effect unless the assignment is recorded with the patent office. Recording a patent assignment tells the patent office that you are the new owner of the patent.

3) Notarize Your Assignment Agreement

4) how much does it cost to record an assignment with the uspto, patent assignment.

Let’s do a quick recap. A patent assignment is the transfer of ownership of a patent from one party to another. The party transferring its right is known as the assignor and the party receiving the patent rights is known as the assignee.

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Patent Assignment: Everything You Need to Know

A patent assignment is an irrevocable agreement for a patent owner to sell, give away, or transfer interest to an assignee, who can enforce the patent. 6 min read updated on November 05, 2020

Patent Assignment: What Is It?

A patent assignment is a part of how to patent an idea and is an irrevocable agreement for a patent owner to sell, give away, or transfer his or her interest to an assignee, who can benefit from and enforce the patent. The assignee receives the original owner's interest and gains exclusive rights to intellectual property. He or she can sue others for making or selling the invention or design.

There are four types of patent assignments:

Assignment of Rights - Patent Issued: This is for patents that have already been issued.

Assignment of Rights - Patent Application : This is for patents still in the application process. After filing this form, the assignee can be listed as the patent applicant.

Assignment of Intellectual Property Rights - No Patent Issued or Application Filed: This is for unregistered inventions with no patent.

Exclusive Rights

Advantages of a Patent Assignment

Assignees don't create a unique invention or design. They also don't go through the lengthy patent process. They simply assume exclusive rights to intellectual property.

Profit Potential

Many patents cover intellectual property that can earn the owner money. A patent owner can charge a lump sum sale price for a patent assignment. After the transfer, the assignee can start to earn profits from the patent. Both original owners and assignees can benefit from this business arrangement.

Disadvantages of a Patent Assignment

Too Many or Not Enough Inventors

Patents can have multiple owners who invented the product or design. Sometimes patents list too many or not enough inventors. When this happens, owners can argue about an incorrect filing. This kind of dispute can make a patent assignment impossible.

Limited Recourse

Older patents may already have many infringements. Not all patent assignments include the right to sue for past infringements. This is known as the right to causes of action. This can cost the assignee a lot of potential profit.

Examples of What Happens When You File a Patent Assignment vs. When You File a Patent License

When You File a Patent Assignment

The patent owner changes permanently. You file the paperwork with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Information about the new owner is available to the public.

Many owners charge a one-time fee for a patent assignment. The original owner doesn't receive additional payments or profits in the future. The new owner receives future profits.

When You File a Patent License

The patent owner doesn't change permanently. Most licenses have a time limit. At the end of the period, the original owner takes control again. Licensing information isn't always available through an online USPTO search. Contact the recordation office directly to get information about patent licenses.

The licensee can assign rights to another person or company. This adds another layer of ownership over the intellectual property.

Many owners charge royalties for a patent license. The licensee pays royalty fees throughout the license period. If the royalty fees are high and the license period is long, a patent assignment may be a better choice for earning the new owner more money.

Common Mistakes

Not Filing an Assignment Document

A verbal agreement is not official. File a patent assignment to change patent ownership.

Taking Action Before Filing

The assignee shouldn't make or sell the invention before the patent assignment is official. If an error or another problem happens, this could be patent infringement .

Making a Filing Error

Patent assignments are official documents. The assignee's name must be legal and correct. Before filing, check the spelling of the assignee name. If the assignee is a business, confirm the legal name. Many patents have more than one owner. List all names on the assignment.

Misidentifying the Patent

Include as much information about the patent as you can. List the patent number and title. Describe the intellectual property completely.

Not Searching for Security Interests

Patents can be collateral. A bank or another party can file a security interest in a patent, and this can limit how much an assignee can earn from a patent. Check for security interests before filing a patent assignment.

Not Filing a Proprietary Information Agreement

Many businesses file patents, as this is part of a business plan , and it's especially common for startup businesses. Inventorship problems can happen if employees file patents instead of the business.

Often, employees have an obligation to assign inventions to a company. This is true if they developed the invention on the job.

To avoid confusion, require employees to sign a proprietary information agreement. This automatically assigns inventions and designs to the business. Other options include signing an automatic assignment or an explicit assignment. These all clarify patent ownership.

Not Being Notarized

Make sure all official documents concerning your patent are notarized. There is a huge legal advantage to being notarized. It makes it so that your documents will be accepted as correct until it is proven otherwise. If you can't get your documents notarized, gather two witnesses. Have them attest to the signatures.

You have to file a patent assignment within three months of signing the form. If you don't, the assignee could lose ownership rights.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where Do I Record a Patent Assignment?

If you have a U.S. patent, record your patent assignment with the USPTO. If you have a foreign patent, file with the correct national patent offices.

I Can't Get a Signature from the Inventor. What Happens Now?

First, it needs to be officially established that:

• Whoever is pursuing the application has the right to do so.
• The inventor cannot be reached.

In order to establish this, the patent office will need a copy of the following:

• the employee agreement
• the assignment
• other evidence of the rights

After that, the patent office will continue as if the signature has been obtained, even though it hasn't.

If the inventor has died, the patent office will try to contact the person in charge of managing the deceased's estate or the heir. If the invented refuses to sign or is missing, the patent office will ask for a declaration from the person who is trying to contact them. They will also look at the following items that have been sent to the inventor:

• Do I Have to File a Patent Assignment if the Owner's Name Changed?

No, you don't need a patent assignment if only the person's or company's name changed. If the company merged with another, you may need a patent assignment.

What if I Make a Mistake on My Patent Assignment?

You can't correct a patent assignment. You have to assign it back to the original owner. Then you have to reassign with the correct information.

How Much Does a Patent Assignment Cost?

The patent assignment fee is $25. Filing electronically doesn't cost extra. You do have to pay an additional $40 fee if you file on paper.

Should I Hire a Lawyer?

Yes, you should get a lawyer to help with a patent assignment. A lawyer will make sure there are no filing errors. A lawyer knows how to describe the patent correctly. Errors and bad descriptions can limit the power of a patent assignment. This could cost the assignee a lot of money in future profits and legal fees.

Steps to File a Patent Assignment

1. Fill Out a Recordation Form Cover Shee t

The Recordation Form Cover Sheet is an official USPTO document. This includes the names of the assignor(s) and the assignee(s). It also includes the patent title and number.

2. Complete a Patent Assignment Agreement

The patent assignment agreement should list the assignor(s) and the assignee(s). It should state that the assignor has the right to assign the patent. It should also describe the intellectual property clearly and completely. It should also explain any financial or other transactions that have to take place. This includes a description of the lump sum payment.

3. Sign the Patent Assignment Agreement

All patent owners and assignees must sign the patent assignment agreement.

4. Submit the Patent Assignment

Finally, submit the patent assignment with the USPTO. You have to pay the assignment fee at this time.

If you need help with patent assignments, you can post your question or concern on UpCounsel's marketplace . UpCounsel accepts only the top 5 percent of lawyers to its site. Lawyers on UpCounsel come from law schools such as Harvard Law and Yale Law and average 14 years of legal experience, including work with or on behalf of companies like Google, Menlo Ventures, and Airbnb.

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When it comes to patents, many people outside of the industry often make the assumption that the person listed as the inventor on a patent is automatically the owner of that patent as well.

While this is certainly true in some cases, there are several instances when another person or even a company may be assigned ownership of the patent. This is called a “patent assignment,” and it is the subject of today’s article.

Table of contents

Patent assignment: a basic definition, an example of a patent assignment, an additional patent assignment in writing, patent assignments and the uspto, patent assignment database, patent assignment search, is a patent assignment a type of licensing, patent assignment: an important element of the patent ecosystem.

Curious about the patent assignment history? Check out the specific data  here !

Basically speaking, a patent assignment is a legal way for an inventor to transfer ownership of a patent to a business.

As you may recall, in the United States, only a person (or group of people) can be listed as the inventor of a patent; a business cannot be listed as the inventor. However, a business can be assigned the ownership of the patent by a person (or group of people).

In this type of agreement, the “assignor” transfers their patent rights to the “assignee.”

It might be helpful to look at an example of a patent assignment. Let’s say an employee of a company comes up with a new invention. This individual employee is the inventor of the product and will be listed on the patent application as such. However, since patents can be very valuable, most companies already have a patent assignment agreement with their employees in place.

This type of agreement would typically state that any type of intellectual property created by an employee of a company while employed by that company would become the property of the company.

Since the company in this example made sure that its employee signed a patent assignment form upon being hired, the invention that the employee came up in the company’s R&D facility will be assigned to the company. The inventor will still be listed in the patent application (and on the patent, if granted) as the inventor.

In addition to the patent assignment agreement mentioned above, it is also recommended that a specific written assignment from the inventor to the company be made whenever a patent application is filed.

If this step is taken, then there will be less trouble if an inventor leaves the company before the patent application has been completed or attempts to contest the patent down the road.

In the United States, patent assignments can be recorded at the USPTO. This can be done at the US patent office’s  Assignment Recordation Branch .

Although this can be done online (and without any fees if done electronically) using the  Electronic Patent Assignment System (EPAS) , it should be noted that all patent assignment paperwork must be submitted within three months of the patent’s assignment date.

The Patent Assignment Database from USPTO keeps all the patent assignment data records from August 1980 until now. The transfer record will be updated by USPTO, the most recent entry should be the current assignee. However, the system does not check the correctness of the data, specify the current assignee and update timely. It is best to double-check with a third-party database for accuracy.

If you need to find out who owns a patent, then you can conduct a patent assignment search. This will tell you who has been assigned a particular patent in the past and who the current assignee is now. The USPTO does offer a free  patent assignment search tool  on its website, as do other third-party intelligence platforms, such as  Patentcloud .

These platforms often feature superior patent assignment databases, with processes that ensure that the assignment data has been cleansed and corrected, meaning more accurate and comprehensive search results.

Start your patent assignment search  here with Patentcloud’s Patent Search.

Although similar in some ways, these two patent activities are actually quite different.

A licensing agreement means that the owner of the patent (or “licensor”) gives another person or company (the “licensee”) the right to use the patented technology for an agreed-upon period of time. However, the licensor remains the owner of the patent.

A patent assignment, on the other hand, involves a complete and permanent transfer (or “assignment”) of ownership of a patent from the owner (or “assignor”) to another party (the “assignee”). Put simply, patent assignment involves “ownership” while patent licensing involves “permission to use.”

Assignment data analysis can provide actionable insights for those operating in the transaction market and IP stakeholders alike, enabling them to:

• Anticipate the future strategy of a company: the acquisition of patents covering a specific technology could well be an indicator of the company’s future plans and strategies;
• Anticipate the developments of an industry: multiple companies — especially larger ones — acquiring patents in a certain technology field could also prove to be an indicator of the imminent popularity of a technology field.

The acquisition of Oculus VR by Facebook is a perfect example of this: in 2014, Facebook bought the VR company for around $2 billion. In the deal, Facebook also acquired all of the patents. Facebook’s focus on VR was a significant moment: today, VR technology is one of the most active patent-wise. This activity is not just limited to the gaming sector, the following industries have also experienced increased activity:

• Data visualization;
• The treatment of mental illnesses.

The acquisition by Facebook proved to be a clear signal that:

• Facebook was likely to invest heavily in the development of VR technologies;
• The VR industry was going to be popular in the near future.

There you have it. Though often overlooked and even misunderstood, patent assignments are actually a very important element of the patent ecosystem. With a better understanding of patent assignments, you can gain valuable insights into industry trends and even the business strategies of specific companies. You can also gain a better understanding of a company’s own R&D capabilities.

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Patent Assignment Agreement

This Patent Assignment Agreement is a comprehensive document designed to facilitate the transfer of patent ownership from the original patent owner, known as the assignor, to another party, known as the assignee .

A patent is a legal grant issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to an inventor, providing exclusive rights to make, use, and sell their invention for a limited period , typically 20 years from the filing date. This protection is granted in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. This system encourages innovation and lets inventors benefit from their creations for a specified period of time.

An assignment is the legal transfer of ownership or rights of a patent from one party (assignor) to another (assignee) . Using a Patent Assignment Agreement, the assignor forever relinquishes their rights to the patent, and the assignee assumes control and ownership of those rights for the duration of the patent.

This assignment can be made either before or after a patent application has been issued as a patent. By law, a patent is considered personal property and, so, can be sold or transferred in the same way one could sell a car or a piece of furniture. This document formally initiates the transfer process, providing clarity and protection for both parties involved. This agreement is particularly useful when inventors, companies, or individuals who wish to transfer their patent rights, whether for financial considerations, strategic partnerships, or other business transactions.

This document is different from a Trademark Assignment Agreement, which is used for the transfer of a different kind of intellectual property, known as a trademark. A trademark is usually a brand name or logo, unlike a patent, which is usually an invention of some sort. This is also slightly different from an Intellectual Property Release . Although that form could be used for a patent, it is generally used for copyrighted material, like works of art or pieces of music. In that case, payment is not made and, instead, the copyrighted works are simply "released," or given to another party. This document can also be distinguished from an Intellectual Property Permission Letter, as there, one party is writing to request permission to use the intellectual property of another. The Patent Assignment Agreement would then come after the letter, but the letter is not the formal legal document that initiates the transfer.

How to use this document

This document includes all the information necessary to transfer the ownership of a patent from one party to another. This document should be used when the transfer will be permanent, usually for a one-time fee , and no royalties will be due after the assignment. This document allows the parties to fill in details of the patent to be transferred, such as the patent name, original recordation number, and date the patent was initially issued . This ensures that everything needed for new recordation with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is present.

Once the document has been completed, both parties should sign the document in front of a notary and have the notary complete the notary page. The document must then be recorded with the USPTO within three months of its signing, or it becomes void. The current cost for filing an assignment with the USPTO is $40 per patent. The assignment can be filed either online or by mail.

Applicable law

In the United States, specific federal laws govern patent assignments, primarily under Title 35 of the United States Code , which pertains to the country's patent system. Section 261 of Title 35 outlines the general provisions related to patent ownership and transfers. According to this statute, patent assignments must be in writing to be valid, and they require the signature of the owner of the patent or their authorized representative. The law also specifies that the assignment must be recorded with the USPTO to establish priority and provide notice to the public.

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This patent assignment is between  , an individual a(n) (the " Assignor ") and  , an individual a(n) (the " Assignee ").

The Assignor has full right and title to the patents and patent applications listed in Exhibit A (collectively, the " Patents ").

The Assignor wishes to transfer to the Assignee, and the Assignee wishes to purchase and receive from the Assignor, all of its interest in the Patents.

The parties therefore agree as follows:

1. ASSIGNMENT OF PATENTS.

The Assignor assigns to the Assignee, and the Assignee accepts the assignment of, all of the Assignor's interest in the following in the United States and its territories and throughout the world:

• (a) the Patents listed in Exhibit A ;
• (b) the patent claims, all rights to prepare derivative works, goodwill, and other rights to the Patents;
• (c) all registrations, applications (including any divisions, continuations, continuations-in-part, and reissues of those applications), corresponding domestic and foreign applications, letters patents, or similar legal protections issuing on the Patents, and all rights and benefits under any applicable treaty or convention;
• (d) all income, royalties, and damages payable to the Assignor with respect to the Patents, including damages and payments for past or future infringements of the Patents; and
• (e) all rights to sue for past, present, and future infringements of the Patents.

2. CONSIDERATION.

The Assignee shall pay the Assignor a flat fee of as full payment for all rights granted under this agreement. The Assignee shall complete this payment no later than .

3. RECORDATION.

In order to record this assignment with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and foreign patent offices, within hours of the effective date of this assignment, the parties shall sign the form of patent assignment agreement attached as Exhibit B . The Assignor Assignee is solely responsible for filing the assignment and paying any associated fees of the transfer.

4. NO EARLY ASSIGNMENT.

The Assignee shall not assign or otherwise encumber its interest in the Patents or any associated registrations until it has paid to the Assignor the full consideration provided for in this assignment. Any assignment or encumbrance contrary to this provision shall be void.

5. ASSISTANCE.

• (1) sign any additional papers, including any separate assignments of the Patents, necessary to record the assignment in the United States;
• (2) do all other lawful acts reasonable and necessary to record the assignment in the United States; and
• (3) sign all lawful papers necessary for Assignee to retain a patent on the Patents or on any continuing or reissue applications of those Patents.
• (b) Agency. If for any reason the Assignee is unable to obtain the assistance of the Assignor, the Assignor hereby appoints the Assignee as the Assignor's agent to act on behalf of the Assignor to take any of the steps listed in subsection (a).

6. NO LICENSE.

After the effective date of this agreement, the Assignor shall make no further use of the Patents or any patent equivalent, except as authorized by the prior written consent of the Assignee. The Assignor shall not challenge the Assignee's use or ownership, or the validity, of the Patents.

7. ASSIGNOR'S REPRESENTATIONS.

The Assignor hereby represents to the Assignee that it:

• (a) is the sole owner of all interest in the Patents;
• (b) has not transferred, exclusively licensed, or encumbered the Patents or agreed to do so;
• (c) is not aware of any violation or infringement of any third party's rights (or a claim of a violation or infringement) by the Patents;
• (d) is not aware of any third-party consents, assignments, or licenses that are necessary to perform under this assignment;
• (e) was not acting within the scope of employment of any third party when conceiving, creating, or otherwise performing any activity with respect to the Patents.

The Assignor shall immediately notify the Assignee in writing if any facts or circumstances arise that would make any of the representations in this assignment inaccurate. 

8. INDEMNIFICATION.

The Assignor shall indemnify the Assignee against:

• (a) any claim by a third party that the Patents or their creation, use, exploitation, assignment, importation, or sale infringes on any patent or other intellectual property;
• (b) any claim by a third party that this assignment conflicts with, violates, or breaches any contract, assignment, license, sublicense, security interest, encumbrance, or other obligation to which the Assignor is a party or of which it has knowledge;
• (c) any claim relating to any past, present, or future use, licensing, sublicensing, distribution, marketing, disclosure, or commercialization of any of the Patents by the Assignor; and
• (d) any litigation, arbitration, judgments, awards, attorneys' fees, liabilities, settlements, damages, losses, and expenses relating to or arising from (a), (b), or (c) above.
• (i) the Assignee promptly notifies the Assignor of that claim;
• (ii) the Assignor controls the defense and settlement of that claim;
• (iii) the Assignee fully cooperates with the Assignor in connection with its defense and settlement of that claim;
• (iv) the Assignee stops all creation, public use, exploitation, importation, distribution, or sales of or relating to the infringing Patents, if requested by the Assignor.
• (i) obtain the right for the Assignee to continue to use the infringing Patent;
• (ii) modify the infringing Patent to eliminate the infringement;
• (iii) provide a substitute noninfringing patent to the Assignee pursuant to this assignment; or
• (iv) refund to the Assignee the amount paid under this assignment for the infringing Patent.
• (c) No Other Obligations. The Assignor shall have no other obligations or liability if infringement occurs, and shall have no other obligation of indemnification or to defend relating to infringement. The Assignor shall not be liable for any costs or expenses incurred without its prior written authorization and shall have no obligation of indemnification or any liability if the infringement is based on (i) any modified form of the Patents not made by the Assignor, (ii) any finding or ruling after the effective date of this assignment, or (iii) the laws of any country other than the United States of America or its states.

9. GOVERNING LAW.

• (a) Choice of Law. The laws of the state of  govern this agreement (without giving effect to its conflicts of law principles).
• (b) Choice of Forum. Both parties consent to the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts in County, .

10. AMENDMENTS.

No amendment to this assignment will be effective unless it is in writing and signed by a party or its authorized representative.

11. ASSIGNMENT AND DELEGATION.

• (a) No Assignment. Neither party may assign any of its rights under this assignment, except with the prior written consent of the other party. All voluntary assignments of rights are limited by this subsection.
• (b) No Delegation. Neither party may delegate any performance under this assignment, except with the prior written consent of the other party.
• (c) Enforceability of an Assignment or Delegation. If a purported assignment or purported delegation is made in violation of this section, it is void.

12. COUNTERPARTS; ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES.

• (a) Counterparts. The parties may execute this assignment in any number of counterparts, each of which is an original but all of which constitute one and the same instrument.
• (b) Electronic Signatures. This assignment, agreements ancillary to this assignment, and related documents entered into in connection with this assignment are signed when a party's signature is delivered by facsimile, email, or other electronic medium. These signatures must be treated in all respects as having the same force and effect as original signatures.

13. SEVERABILITY.

If any one or more of the provisions contained in this assignment is, for any reason, held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any respect, that invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability will not affect any other provisions of this assignment, but this assignment will be construed as if those invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provisions had never been contained in it, unless the deletion of those provisions would result in such a material change so as to cause completion of the transactions contemplated by this assignment to be unreasonable.

14. NOTICES.

• (a) Writing; Permitted Delivery Methods. Each party giving or making any notice, request, demand, or other communication required or permitted by this assignment shall give that notice in writing and use one of the following types of delivery, each of which is a writing for purposes of this assignment: personal delivery, mail (registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return-receipt requested), nationally recognized overnight courier (fees prepaid), facsimile, or email.
• (b) Addresses. A party shall address notices under this section to a party at the following addresses:
• If to the Assignor: 

• If to the Assignee: 
• (c) Effectiveness. A notice is effective only if the party giving notice complies with subsections (a) and (b) and if the recipient receives the notice.

15. WAIVER.

No waiver of a breach, failure of any condition, or any right or remedy contained in or granted by the provisions of this assignment will be effective unless it is in writing and signed by the party waiving the breach, failure, right, or remedy. No waiver of any breach, failure, right, or remedy will be deemed a waiver of any other breach, failure, right, or remedy, whether or not similar, and no waiver will constitute a continuing waiver, unless the writing so specifies.

16. ENTIRE AGREEMENT.

This assignment constitutes the final agreement of the parties. It is the complete and exclusive expression of the parties' agreement about the subject matter of this assignment. All prior and contemporaneous communications, negotiations, and agreements between the parties relating to the subject matter of this assignment are expressly merged into and superseded by this assignment. The provisions of this assignment may not be explained, supplemented, or qualified by evidence of trade usage or a prior course of dealings. Neither party was induced to enter this assignment by, and neither party is relying on, any statement, representation, warranty, or agreement of the other party except those set forth expressly in this assignment. Except as set forth expressly in this assignment, there are no conditions precedent to this assignment's effectiveness.

17. HEADINGS.

The descriptive headings of the sections and subsections of this assignment are for convenience only, and do not affect this assignment's construction or interpretation.

18. EFFECTIVENESS.

This assignment will become effective when all parties have signed it. The date this assignment is signed by the last party to sign it (as indicated by the date associated with that party's signature) will be deemed the date of this assignment.

19. NECESSARY ACTS; FURTHER ASSURANCES.

Each party shall use all reasonable efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions necessary or desirable to consummate and make effective the transactions this assignment contemplates or to evidence or carry out the intent and purposes of this assignment.

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

Each party is signing this agreement on the date stated opposite that party's signature. 

[PAGE BREAK HERE]

EXHIBIT A PATENTS AND APPLICATIONS

FORM OF RECORDABLE PATENT APPLICATION ASSIGNMENT

For good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, between  , an individual a(n) (the " Assignor ") and  , an individual a(n) (the " Assignee ") all of the Assignor's interest in the Assigned Patents identified in Attachment A to this assignment, and the Assignee accepts this assignment.

Each party is signing this agreement on the date stated opposite that party's signature.

ATTACHMENT A ASSIGNED PATENTS

Free Patent Assignment Template

How-to guides, articles, and any other content appearing on this page are for informational purposes only, do not constitute legal advice, and are no substitute for the advice of an attorney.

Patent assignment: How-to guide

A company’s ability to buy and sell property is essential for its long-term life and vitality. Although it doesn’t take up physical space, too much intellectual property can burden a company, directing limited funds towards maintaining registrations, defending against third-party claims, or creating and marketing a final product.

Selling unused or surplus intellectual property can have an immediate positive effect on a company’s finances, generating revenue and decreasing costs. When it does come time to grow a business, companies looking to purchase property (including patents and other inventions) to support their growth must be sure that the seller does have title to the desired items. A properly drafted patent assignment can help in these circumstances.

A patent assignment is the transfer of an owner’s property rights in a given patent or patents and any patent applications. These transfers may occur independently or as part of larger asset sales or purchases. Patent assignment agreements provide both records of ownership and transfer and protect the rights of all parties.

This agreement is a written acknowledgment of the rights and responsibilities being transferred as part of your sale. This will provide essential documentation of ownership and liability obligations, and you will be well on your way to establishing a clear record of title for all of your patents.

Important points to consider while drafting patent assignments

What is a patent.

A patent is a set of exclusive rights on an invention given by the government to the inventor for a limited period. Essentially, in exchange for the inventor’s agreement to make their invention public and allow others to examine and build on it, the government provides the inventor with a short-term monopoly on their creation. In other words, only they can make, use, or sell that invention.

Are licenses and assignments different from each other?

Licenses are different from assignments. The individual who receives license rights from the patent holder isn’t gaining ownership. Rather, they’re getting assurance from the patent holder that they won’t be sued for making, using, or selling the invention. The terms of the license will vary from agreement to agreement and may address issues of royalties, production, or reversion.

What are the different kinds of patent assignments?

A  patent assignment  can take many forms.

• It can be the transfer of an individual’s entire interest to another individual or company.
• It can also transfer a specific part of that interest (e.g., half interest, quarter interest, etc.) or a transfer valid only in a designated country area. The exact form of the transfer is specific to the parties' agreement.

What is the role of the United States Patent and Trademark Office in patent transfer?

A patent transfer is usually accomplished through a contract, like the following written agreement form. However, after the parties have negotiated and signed their agreement, the transfer must be recorded with the  U.S. Patent and Trademark Office  (USPTO) . The agreement will only be effective if this registration is made. Moreover, if the transfer isn’t recorded within three months from the date of the assignment, there can be no later purchasers. In other words, such patents are no longer sellable to a third party by the assignee if it isn’t recorded quickly and correctly.

Note that there is a fee for  recording each assignment  of a patent or patent application.

What details should I add to my patent application?

Although you can adapt the document to suit your arrangement, you should always identify the patent(s) being assigned by their USPTO number and date and include the name of the inventor and the invention’s title (as stated in the patent itself). This is a requirement of federal law, and failure to follow it could invalidate your assignment.

What are the benefits of patent assignment?

The advantage of selling your invention or patent outright (and not simply licensing or attempting to develop and market it yourself) is that you’re guaranteed payment at the price you and the purchaser have negotiated.

On the other hand, that one-time payment is all that you will ever receive for your property. You will no longer have the right to control anyone else’s use of your creation.

By using it yourself or offering a temporary license, you retain the potential for future income. However, such income isn’t certain, and your opportunities are paralleled by risk.

Before selling all of your rights in a patent or patent application, ensure this is the best (and most lucrative) approach for you and your company.

Is it necessary to do due diligence before buying a patent?

Provide valuable consideration to due diligence, and don’t agree without completing it. If you purchase a patent,  conduct searches  with the patent office on the patents issued and online directories to ensure the seller has complete and unique rights in the offered property. Look for these:

• Has an application already been filed by another person or company?
• What are the chances that this is a patentable item?

Although your findings won’t be guaranteed, you may be protected as an “innocent purchaser” if disputes arise.

You might also find critical information about the value of the patent. Consider hiring a patent attorney to help in your investigation. Comparing patents and applications often requires a specialized and technical understanding to know how useful and unique each one is.

What should I consider while selling a patent?

If you sell an invention or patent, ensure you own it. Although this may seem obvious, intellectual property ownership sometimes must be clarified. This may be the case if, for example, the invention was created as part of your employment or if it was sold or otherwise transferred to somebody else. A thorough search of the USPTO website for the publication number should be conducted before you attempt to sell your property.

Is reviewing and signing the patent necessary?

Review the assignment carefully to ensure all relevant deal points are included. Don't assume certain terms are agreed upon if not stated in the document.

Once the document is ready, sign two copies of the assignment, one for you and one for the other party.

Get the assignment notarized by the notary public to reduce the challenges to the validity of a party’s signature or the transfer itself.

If you’re dealing with a  complex agreement for a patent assignment , contact an attorney to help draft an assignment that meets your needs.

Key components to include in patent assignments

The following provisions will help you understand the terms of your assignment. Please review the entire document before starting your step-by-step process.

Introduction of parties

This section identifies the document as a patent assignment. Add the assignment effective date, parties involved, and what type of organization(s) they are. The “assignor” is the party giving their ownership interest, and the “assignee” is the party receiving it.

The “whereas” clauses, or recitals, define the world of the assignment and offer key background information about the parties. In this agreement, the recitals include a simple statement of the intent to transfer rights in the patent. Remember that the assignor can transfer all or part of its interest in the patents.

Assignment of patents

This section constitutes the assignment and acceptance of patents and inventions. Be as complete and clear as possible in your description of the property being transferred.

Consideration

In most agreements, each party is expected to do something. This obligation may be to perform a service, transfer ownership of property, or pay money. In this case, the assignee gives money (sometimes called “consideration”) to receive the assignor’s property. Enter the amount to be paid, and indicate how long the assignee has to make that payment after the agreement is signed.

Authorization to a director

This section is the assignor’s authorization to issue patents in the assignee’s name. In other words, this tells the head of the patent and trademark office that the transfer is valid and that ownership is changing hands by the assignment.

If the assignment is being recorded after the USPTO has issued a patent number, add the patent application number here.

Assignor’s representations and warranties

In this section, the assignor is agreeing to the following terms:

• They’re the sole owner of the inventions and the patents. If there are other owners who aren’t transferring their interests, this means that the only part being transferred is the assignor’s part.
• They haven’t sold or transferred the inventions and the patents to any third party.
• They have the authority to enter the agreement.
• They don’t believe that the inventions and the patents have been taken from any third party without authorization (e.g., a knowing copy of another company’s invention).
• They don’t know if any permissions must be obtained for the assignment to be completed. In other words, once the agreement is signed, the assignment will be effective without anyone else’s input.
• The patents weren’t created while a third party employed the creator. In many cases, if a company employs an individual and comes up with a product, the company will own that product. This section offers assurance to the assignee that there are no companies that will make that claim about the patents being sold.

If you and the other party want to include additional representations and warranties, you can do so here.

Assignee’s representations and warranties

In this section, the assignee is agreeing to the following terms:

• They have the authority to enter into the agreement
• They have enough funds to pay for the assignment

No early assignment

This section prevents the assignee from re-transferring the inventions or patents or using any of them as collateral for loans until it has completely paid the money due under the agreement.

Documentation

This clause is the assignor’s promise to help with any paperwork needed to complete an assignment, such as filing information about the assignment with the USPTO, transferring document titles, transferring paperwork for filing to foreign countries, etc.

No further use of inventions or patents

This section indicates that after the agreement’s filing date, the assignor will stop using all the inventions and patents being transferred and won’t challenge the assignee’s use of those inventions or patents.

Indemnification

This clause describes each party’s future obligations if the patent or any application is found to infringe on a third party’s rights. Either the assignor agrees to take all responsibility for infringement, promising to pay all expenses and costs relating to the claim, or the assignor makes its responsibilities conditional, significantly limiting its obligations if a claim is brought.

Successors and assigns

This section states that the parties’ rights and obligations will be passed on to successor organizations (if any) or organizations to which rights and obligations have been permissibly assigned.

No implied waiver

This clause explains that even if one party allows the other to ignore or break an obligation under the agreement, it doesn’t mean that the party waives any future rights to require the other to fulfill those (or any other) obligations.

Provide the assignor and assignee’s address where all the official or legal correspondence should be delivered.

Governing law

This provision lets the parties choose the state laws used to interpret the document.

Counterparts; electronic signatures

This section explains that if the parties sign the agreement in different locations, physically or electronically, all the separate pieces will be considered part of the same agreement.

Severability

This clause protects the terms of the agreement as a whole, even if one part is later invalidated. For example, if a state law is passed prohibiting choice-of-law clauses, it won’t undo the entire agreement. Instead, only the section dealing with the choice of law would be invalidated, leaving the remainder of the assignment enforceable.

Entire agreement

This section indicates the parties’ agreement that the document they’re signing is “the agreement” about transferring the issued patent.

This clarifies that the headings at the beginning of each section are meant to organize the document and shouldn’t be considered operational parts of the note. 

Frequently asked questions

What is a patent assignment.

If you want to buy patents, the first step is to ensure the seller (original owner) owns the patent rights. The second step is the transfer of the patent owner's rights to the buyer. Patent assignments are agreements that cover both steps, helping the buyer and the seller with ownership records and quickly enabling transfer.

What are the requirements for patent assignment?

Here's the information you'll require to complete a patent assignment:

• Who the assignor is : Have their name and contact information ready
• Who the assignee is : Have their information available
• Invention info : Know the inventor's name, invention's registration number, and filing date

Related categories

Related templates.

Assignment of Agreement

Transfer work responsibilities efficiently with an assignment of agreement. Facilitate a smooth transition from one party to another.

Copyright Assignment

Protect your intellectual property with a copyright assignment form. Securely transfer your copyright to another party, clearly defining ownership terms while preserving your rights effectively.

Intellectual Property Assignment Agreement

Safeguard the sale or purchase of assets with an intellectual property assignment agreement. Transfer the ownership of patents, trademarks, software, and other critical assets easily.

Patent Application Assignment

Transfer the ownership rights or interests in a patent application. A patent application agreement defines the terms of transfer, promotes collaboration, and mitigates risks.

Trademark Assignment

Simplify the buying and selling of trademarks with a trademark assignment agreement. Transfer intellectual property rights and ensure a fair and smooth transaction.

Trademark License Agreement

Ensure fair use of intellectual property with a trademark license agreement. Outline the terms of usage and compensation.

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In response to public feedback regarding the retirement of the legacy search systems, a new simplified interface of Patent Public Search named Basic Search is now available. Basic Search is recommended for users new to Patent Public Search, or for users who only need to perform a quick look up.

PatFT, AppFT, PubEAST and PubWEST were retired on September 30. Preexisting links to U.S. patents and pre-grant publications are no longer available. You will need to create new links for saved documents. Read through this  step-by-step guide  on how to set up a web link to access a saved document, as well as set up saved search queries. For questions regarding Patent Public Search, please contact the Public Search Facility at  [email protected] .

Search for patents

New to Patent Searching? See this important information about searching for patents:

How to Conduct a Preliminary U.S. Patent Search: A Step by Step Strategy  - Web Based Tutorial (38 minutes)

• The Multi-Step strategy  - A handout that outlines a suggested procedure for patent searching

Patents may be searched using the following resources:

Patent Public Search

The Patent Public Search tool is a new web-based patent search application that replaced internal legacy search tools PubEast and PubWest and external legacy search tools PatFT and AppFT. Patent Public Search has two user selectable modern interfaces that provide enhanced access to prior art. The new, powerful, and flexible capabilities of the application improves the overall patent searching process.

Global Dossier

Global Dossier is a set of business services aimed at modernizing the global patent system and delivering benefits to all stakeholders through a single portal/user interface .  Through this secure service, users have access to the file histories of related applications from participating IP Offices, which currently include the IP5 Offices.

By using this service, users can see the patent family for a specific application, containing all related applications filed at participating IP Offices, along with the dossier, classification, and citation data for these applications. This service also provides Office Action Indicators to help users identify applications that contain office actions, a Collections View for saving documents and applications for review later on in the session, and the ability to download the documents in an application.

Public Search Facility

The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Public Search Facility located in Alexandria, VA provides the public access to patent and trademark information in a variety of formats including on-line, microfilm, and print. Trained staff are available to assist public users.

Patent and Trademark Resource Centers (PTRCs)

Your nearest Patent and Trademark Resource Center (PTRC) maintains local search resources and may offer training in patent search techniques.

• Find your nearest PTRC

Patent Official Gazette

The Electronic Official Gazette allows users to browse through the issued patents for the current week. The Official Gazette can be browsed by classification or type of patent, for example, utility, design, and plant.

Common Citation Document (CCD)

The Common Citation Document (CCD) application aims to provide single point access to up-to-date citation data relating to the patent applications of the IP5 Offices. It consolidates the prior art cited by all participating offices for the family members of a patent application, thus enabling the search results for the same invention produced by several offices to be visualized on a single page. The creation of the CCD application is part of an ongoing process of technical harmonization at international level aimed at establishing an appropriate infrastructure to facilitate greater integration of the global patent system.

Search International Patent Offices

To see if your idea has been patented abroad, you'll want to refer to searchable databases made available from other International Intellectual Property offices. Free online access to patent collections is provided by many countries. Some available databases include:

• European Patent Office (EPO) provides esp@cenet a network of Europe's patent databases- This site also provides access to machine translation of European patents for some languages. 
• Japan Patent Office (JPO) - This site also provides access to machine translations of Japanese patents.
• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) provides PATENTSCOPE ® Search Service, which features a full-text search of published international patent applications and machine translations for some documents as well as a list of international patent databases.
• Korean Intellectual Property Rights Information Service (KIPRIS)
• China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) - This site also provides access to machine translation of Chinese patents.
• Other International Intellectual Property Offices that provide searchable patent databases include: Australia , Canada , Denmark , Finland , France , Germany , Great Britain , India , Israel , Netherlands , Norway , Sweden , Switzerland and Taiwan .

Stopfakes.Gov provides informative Toolkits that give an overview of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) environment in various countries around the world.

For additional search resources, contact your local Patent and Trademark Resource Center , visit the USPTO Public Search Facility or the USPTO Main STIC Library . The staff in the Main STIC Library are experts on foreign patents and able to help the public as needed.

Search Published Sequences

The Publication Site for Issued and Published Sequences (PSIPS) website provides Sequence Listings, tables, and other mega items for granted US patents or published US patent applications.

All sequences (SEQ ID NOs.) and tables for listed patents or publications are available for viewing, without downloading, by accessing the proper document detail page and then submitting a SEQ ID NO or a mega table ID number.

Patent Assignment Search

Visit the Patent Assignment Search website to search for patent assignments and changes in ownership.

Patent Examination Data System (PEDS)

The Patent Examination Data System (PEDS) in the Amazon Cloud provides public users the ability to search, view and download bibliographic data for all publicly available Patent applications in a secure manner. The solution allows public users to search and download bibliographic data in bulk as well as manage the volume of data that can be downloaded at any given period of time by a particular user.

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