Paper 2: Spelling
While pupils won’t be able to see what’s on the test beforehand, t he assessments only include questions on things that children should already have been taught as part of the national curriculum.
You can find past papers on GOV.UK .
As usual, there won’t be a test for English writing or science. Instead, this will be reported as a teacher assessment judgement.
This is a judgement teachers will make based on your child’s work at the end of KS2.
Children shouldn’t be made to feel any unnecessary pressure when it comes to the KS2 assessments and t eachers will make sure that all pupils in their class are prepared.
You should follow their general advice about supporting your child’s education throughout the year and ahead of the tests.
While it is statutory for schools to hold the assessments, headteachers make the final decision about whether a pupil participates in them.
Some pupils – for example those with special education needs or disabilities – may be assessed under different arrangements if these are more appropriate.
If you have concerns about your child participating in the KS2 tests, you should speak to your school in the first instance.
It’s important to remember that one of the purposes of the key stage 2 assessments is to identify each pupil's strengths and the areas where they may have fallen behind in their learning as they head into secondary school.
The results will help their new school determine in which areas your child needs the most support.
The tests are designed to be challenging to measure attainment, including stretching the most able children. It means some pupils will find them harder than others.
It takes three years to create appropriate tests. During the process, they’re rigorously trialled with year 6 pupils and reviewed by education and inclusion experts to make sure they’re the right difficulty level.
The Standards and Testing Agency (STA) is responsible for developing the tests, and Ministers don't have any influence on their content.
Schools will receive test results on Tuesday 9 July 2024.
Before the end of the summer term, your child’s school will send you a report which will include test results and teacher assessment judgements.
This should provide you with a good sense of the standard at which your child is working in each subject.
The school will report your child’s test results as a scaled score for each subject. This is created from the number of marks your child scores in a particular test. A scaled score:
If your child is working below the overall standard of the key stage, or they have special educational needs, reporting will be different, and you should speak to your child’s teacher for more information.
You can also find more information about results at the end of key stage 2 on GOV.UK.
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Tags: KS2 , primary school , SATs , SATs 2023 , SATs results , Secondary School
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How the energy crisis started, how global energy markets are impacting our daily life, and what governments are doing about it
Record prices, fuel shortages, rising poverty, slowing economies: the first energy crisis that's truly global.
Energy markets began to tighten in 2021 because of a variety of factors, including the extraordinarily rapid economic rebound following the pandemic. But the situation escalated dramatically into a full-blown global energy crisis following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The price of natural gas reached record highs, and as a result so did electricity in some markets. Oil prices hit their highest level since 2008.
Higher energy prices have contributed to painfully high inflation, pushed families into poverty, forced some factories to curtail output or even shut down, and slowed economic growth to the point that some countries are heading towards severe recession. Europe, whose gas supply is uniquely vulnerable because of its historic reliance on Russia, could face gas rationing this winter, while many emerging economies are seeing sharply higher energy import bills and fuel shortages. While today’s energy crisis shares some parallels with the oil shocks of the 1970s, there are important differences. Today’s crisis involves all fossil fuels, while the 1970s price shocks were largely limited to oil at a time when the global economy was much more dependent on oil, and less dependent on gas. The entire word economy is much more interlinked than it was 50 years ago, magnifying the impact. That’s why we can refer to this as the first truly global energy crisis.
Some gas-intensive manufacturing plants in Europe have curtailed output because they can’t afford to keep operating, while in China some have simply had their power supply cut. In emerging and developing economies, where the share of household budgets spent on energy and food is already large, higher energy bills have increased extreme poverty and set back progress towards achieving universal and affordable energy access. Even in advanced economies, rising prices have impacted vulnerable households and caused significant economic, social and political strains.
Climate policies have been blamed in some quarters for contributing to the recent run-up in energy prices, but there is no evidence. In fact, a greater supply of clean energy sources and technologies would have protected consumers and mitigated some of the upward pressure on fuel prices.
Evolution of key regional natural gas prices, june 2021-october 2022, what is causing it, disrupted supply chains, bad weather, low investment, and then came russia's invasion of ukraine.
Energy prices have been rising since 2021 because of the rapid economic recovery, weather conditions in various parts of the world, maintenance work that had been delayed by the pandemic, and earlier decisions by oil and gas companies and exporting countries to reduce investments. Russia began withholding gas supplies to Europe in 2021, months ahead of its invasion of Ukraine. All that led to already tight supplies. Russia’s attack on Ukraine greatly exacerbated the situation . The United States and the EU imposed a series of sanctions on Russia and many European countries declared their intention to phase out Russian gas imports completely. Meanwhile, Russia has increasingly curtailed or even turned off its export pipelines. Russia is by far the world’s largest exporter of fossil fuels, and a particularly important supplier to Europe. In 2021, a quarter of all energy consumed in the EU came from Russia. As Europe sought to replace Russian gas, it bid up prices of US, Australian and Qatari ship-borne liquefied natural gas (LNG), raising prices and diverting supply away from traditional LNG customers in Asia. Because gas frequently sets the price at which electricity is sold, power prices soared as well. Both LNG producers and importers are rushing to build new infrastructure to increase how much LNG can be traded internationally, but these costly projects take years to come online. Oil prices also initially soared as international trade routes were reconfigured after the United States, many European countries and some of their Asian allies said they would no longer buy Russian oil. Some shippers have declined to carry Russian oil because of sanctions and insurance risk. Many large oil producers were unable to boost supply to meet rising demand – even with the incentive of sky-high prices – because of a lack of investment in recent years. While prices have come down from their peaks, the outlook is uncertain with new rounds of European sanctions on Russia kicking in later this year.
Pandemic hangovers and rising interest rates limit public responses, while some countries turn to coal.
Some governments are looking to cushion the blow for customers and businesses, either through direct assistance, or by limiting prices for consumers and then paying energy providers the difference. But with inflation in many countries well above target and budget deficits already large because of emergency spending during the Covid-19 pandemic, the scope for cushioning the impact is more limited than in early 2020. Rising inflation has triggered increases in short-term interest rates in many countries, slowing down economic growth. Europeans have rushed to increase gas imports from alternative producers such as Algeria, Norway and Azerbaijan. Several countries have resumed or expanded the use of coal for power generation, and some are extending the lives of nuclear plants slated for de-commissioning. EU members have also introduced gas storage obligations, and agreed on voluntary targets to cut gas and electricity demand by 15% this winter through efficiency measures, greater use of renewables, and support for efficiency improvements. To ensure adequate oil supplies, the IEA and its members responded with the two largest ever releases of emergency oil stocks. With two decisions – on 1 March 2022 and 1 April – the IEA coordinated the release of some 182 million barrels of emergency oil from public stocks or obligated stocks held by industry. Some IEA member countries independently released additional public stocks, resulting in a total of over 240 million barrels being released between March and November 2022.
The IEA has also published action plans to cut oil use with immediate impact, as well as plans for how Europe can reduce its reliance on Russian gas and how common citizens can reduce their energy consumption . The invasion has sparked a reappraisal of energy policies and priorities, calling into question the viability of decades of infrastructure and investment decisions, and profoundly reorientating international energy trade. Gas had been expected to play a key role in many countries as a lower-emitting "bridge" between dirtier fossil fuels and renewable energies. But today’s crisis has called into question natural gas’ reliability.
The current crisis could accelerate the rollout of cleaner, sustainable renewable energy such as wind and solar, just as the 1970s oil shocks spurred major advances in energy efficiency, as well as in nuclear, solar and wind power. The crisis has also underscored the importance of investing in robust gas and power network infrastructure to better integrate regional markets. The EU’s RePowerEU, presented in May 2022 and the United States’ Inflation Reduction Act , passed in August 2022, both contain major initiatives to develop energy efficiency and promote renewable energies.
Lower your thermostat by just 1°C to save around 7% of your heating energy and cut an average bill by EUR 50-70 a year. Always set your thermostat as low as feels comfortable, and wear warm clothes indoors. Use a programmable thermostat to set the temperature to 15°C while you sleep and 10°C when the house is unoccupied. This cuts up to 10% a year off heating bills. Try to only heat the room you’re in or the rooms you use regularly.
The same idea applies in hot weather. Turn off air-conditioning when you’re out. Set the overall temperature 1 °C warmer to cut bills by up to 10%. And only cool the room you’re in.
Default boiler settings are often higher than you need. Lower the hot water temperature to save 8% of your heating energy and cut EUR 100 off an average bill. You may have to have the plumber come once if you have a complex modern combi boiler and can’t figure out the manual. Make sure you follow local recommendations or consult your boiler manual. Swap a bath for a shower to spend less energy heating water. And if you already use a shower, take a shorter one. Hot water tanks and pipes should be insulated to stop heat escaping. Clean wood- and pellet-burning heaters regularly with a wire brush to keep them working efficiently.
Close windows and doors, insulate pipes and draught-proof around windows, chimneys and other gaps to keep the warm air inside. Unless your home is very new, you will lose heat through draughty doors and windows, gaps in the floor, or up the chimney. Draught-proof these gaps with sealant or weather stripping to save up to EUR 100 a year. Install tight-fitting curtains or shades on windows to retain even more heat. Close fireplace and chimney openings (unless a fire is burning) to stop warm air escaping straight up the chimney. And if you never use your fireplace, seal the chimney to stop heat escaping.
Replace old lightbulbs with new LED ones, and only keep on the lights you need. LED bulbs are more efficient than incandescent and halogen lights, they burn out less frequently, and save around EUR 10 a year per bulb. Check the energy label when buying bulbs, and aim for A (the most efficient) rather than G (the least efficient). The simplest and easiest way to save energy is to turn lights off when you leave a room.
Walking or cycling are great alternatives to driving for short journeys, and they help save money, cut emissions and reduce congestion. If you can, leave your car at home for shorter journeys; especially if it’s a larger car. Share your ride with neighbours, friends and colleagues to save energy and money. You’ll also see big savings and health benefits if you travel by bike. Many governments also offer incentives for electric bikes.
For longer distances where walking or cycling is impractical, public transport still reduces energy use, congestion and air pollution. If you’re going on a longer trip, consider leaving your car at home and taking the train. Buy a season ticket to save money over time. Your workplace or local government might also offer incentives for travel passes. Plan your trip in advance to save on tickets and find the best route.
Optimise your driving style to reduce fuel consumption: drive smoothly and at lower speeds on motorways, close windows at high speeds and make sure your tires are properly inflated. Try to take routes that avoid heavy traffic and turn off the engine when you’re not moving. Drive 10 km/h slower on motorways to cut your fuel bill by around EUR 60 per year. Driving steadily between 50-90 km/h can also save fuel. When driving faster than 80 km/h, it’s more efficient to use A/C, rather than opening your windows. And service your engine regularly to maintain energy efficiency.
Analysis and forecast to 2026
Fuel report — December 2023
Commentary — 09 May 2023
Commentary — 23 February 2023
Commentary — 16 February 2023
Policy report — February 2023
Report — February 2023
Analysis and forecast to 2025
Fuel report — December 2022
A practical set of actions to close a potential supply-demand gap
Flagship report — December 2022
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IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
School education is compulsory. Previously, it lasted 11 years, but with the start of the New Ukrainian School reform in 2018, school education will last 12 years. School education is divided into 3 levels of education: primary education (grades 1-4) basic secondary education (grades 5-9) specialized secondary education (grades 10-11 (12))
In Brief: The Education System of Ukraine. Ukraine's education system, like that of the other post-Soviet countries, has been shaped by more than 70 years of Soviet rule. However, Ukraine has enacted numerous reforms since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, including the introduction of private education. In 2005, Ukraine signed on to ...
Overall, education policy has aimed at sustaining student enrolment and service delivery (Nikolaiev et al., 2023). Even though the ongoing operational efforts focus on addressing the detrimental effects of the war on the education system in Ukraine, there is a need to develop a vision for the restoration and subsequent transforma-
The article analyzes the development of the education system of Ukraine from the point of view of the theory of generations by American researchers William Strauss and Neil Howe. Theoretical substantiation of the hypothesis concerning the transitional character of the whole Ukrainian society from the Soviet cycle of generational change to the national cycle of generational change is given.
The Ukrainian educational system is organized into five levels: preschool, primary, secondary, upper secondary and postgraduate education. In 2010 a total of 56% of children aged one to six years old had the opportunity to attend preschool education, the Education and Science Ministry of Ukraine reported in August 2010. [5]Schools receive 50% of their funding from the city budget and 50% from ...
The education system plays a critical role in creating, nurturing, and sustaining this asset. In our recent study conducted within a broader project of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) on rebuilding Ukraine (Kahanec, Leu-Severynenko, Novosad and Stadnyi, 2022), we propose that education is a principal pillar of Ukraine's ...
The Ukrainian school system consists of three steps; primary education (1‒4 grade), lower secondary general education (5‒9 grade) and upper secondary general education (10‒12 grade). In this chapter the last two steps are referred to simply as 'secondary education'.
Abstract. The chapter explores the developmental trajectory of Ukraine's higher education system since the middle ages. Starting with just a few comprehensive universities in the western parts at first and later Eastern parts of the country, the system gradually evolved into a diverse and differentiated institutional landscape.
The reform builds on advanced pedagogical experience, best education practices, European competency frameworks and the promotion of national values. The system-wide reform focuses on competency-based content for teacher professional development, safe learning environments, inclusion and the digitalisation of education.
The structure of the education system in Ukraine Note: С - Certificate А - Attestation D - Diploma Source: Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 A ge Pre-school education Bachelor 3-4 years Bachelor 3-4 years Junior specialist 2-3 years Master: 1-2 ...
It is necessary to strive to complete the school year and issue documents to graduates, regardless of whether they study in the territory of Ukraine or abroad, and to consider potential ways of organising education for the school year 2022-2023 against the background of military operations in Ukraine, since the life of every Ukrainian is a ...
The Basic Law. The new Law of Ukraine On Education was adopted by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on 5 September 2017. "This is the basic law, whose adoption unblocks opportunities for further reform of the education system and adoption of the Laws of Ukraine On General Secondary Education, On Vocational Training, and On Adult Education.
The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia, which began on February 24, 2022, has led to serious consequences for secondary education in Ukraine. Schools have suffered human losses: teachers, students, and parents died due to military actions and/or Russian occupation. Hundreds of schools have been destroyed or damaged.
This briefing focuses on the reform of the higher education system in Ukraine and the opportunities this provides for greater collaboration between the UK and Ukraine sectors. INTRODUCTION. The higher education system in Ukraine is undergoing major reform. In July 2014 the new Higher Education Act became law, introducing significant reforms.
A general description of Ukraine's education and training system can be found at these official Ukrainian sites: the National Information Centre for Academic Mobility; the Ministry of Education and Science, including a description of the Ukrainian education system in English and the curricula of grades 1-4, grades 5-9 and grades 10-11.
Abstract. In September 2014, a new Higher Education Act, which significantly expanded the autonomy of the university and provided a real opportunity for the unification of Ukrainian and European educational space, was passed in Ukraine. New rules of work should improve the quality of education and make national universities competitive worldwide.
Ukraine is preparing for sweeping changes to its higher education system, largely unreformed since Soviet times. Lyudmila Tatsenko of the British Council in Ukraine surveys the scene, as the Ministry of Education and Science in Ukraine prepares for a UK visit next week. Ukraine has too many universities.
Education sector reform is widely seen as one of the more successful transformations in Ukraine since the country's 2014 Revolution of Dignity. For the past six years, systemic reforms under a series of different education ministers have brought the Ukrainian education system closer to European standards and created better opportunities for ...
In the absence of any intervention, the learning losses arising from the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have a long-term compounding negative effect on many children's future well-being. These learning losses could translate into less access to higher education, lower labor market participation, and lower future earnings.
April 13, 2022. KRAKOW, Poland — Across Ukraine, kindergartens have been bombed, elementary schools have been converted into shelters and in some cities like Mariupol, their grounds have even ...
Lviv, Ukraine CNN —. When masked Russian soldiers ransacked Nina's home in northeastern Ukraine at 6 a.m. one day in late April, they were not searching for weapons. Instead, they were looking ...
The system of education in Ukraine extends right from pre-school to higher education. Ukraine's educational legislation places great importance on pre-school eduction. This early form of education is to be cared for by the family or through a pre-school institution. A variety of institutions are available for this level of education in ...
Ukraine's independence story, however, is one of values; of hope and freedom. Ukraine's Act of Declaration of Independence received overwhelming support across the country.
Editors' Note: In recognition of schools starting around the country this week, we compiled a list of our top education-related essays. " There's More to Graduate School Than Careerism," Jeffrey Bristol " Fostering a Culture of Academic Integrity in Our Business Schools," Kevin Jackson " What I Wish I'd Known When I Started Graduate School: Tips for Writing and for Combatting ...
Project 2025 would eliminate the Education Department, which Trump supports The Harris campaign said Project 2025 would "eliminate the U.S. Department of Education" — and that's accurate.
That includes, he says, ending the "endless flow of American treasure to Ukraine" and asking European allies to reimburse the U.S. for the cost of rebuilding stockpiles. It is unclear whether he would insist that Russia withdraw from territory in Ukraine it seized in the war that it launched in February 2022.
The latest findings, from an Aug. 1-20 poll, show Americans' satisfaction with the quality of education that K-12 students receive is close to the trend average of 45%. Currently, 9% of Americans say they are completely satisfied with the quality of education U.S. students in kindergarten through grade 12 receive, and 34% are somewhat satisfied.
With workers, data, and offices located across the country and around the world, your firewall must be ready for anything. Secure Firewall helps you plan, prioritize, close gaps, and recover from disaster—stronger.
Test papers: Monday 13 May: English grammar, punctuation and spelling: Paper 1: Questions Paper 2: Spelling: Tuesday 14 May: English reading: English reading: ... education professionals and the media that captures all you need to know about the education system. You'll find accessible, straightforward information on popular topics, Q&As ...
Free and paid data sets from across the energy system available for download. Policies database. Past, existing or planned government policies and measures. Chart Library. Access every chart published across all IEA reports and analysis ... Russia's invasion of Ukraine drove European and Asian gas prices to record highs. Evolution of key ...