how to write powerful essays

How to Write the Perfect Essay

06 Feb, 2024 | Blog Articles , English Language Articles , Get the Edge , Humanities Articles , Writing Articles

You can keep adding to this plan, crossing bits out and linking the different bubbles when you spot connections between them. Even though you won’t have time to make a detailed plan under exam conditions, it can be helpful to draft a brief one, including a few key words, so that you don’t panic and go off topic when writing your essay.

If you don’t like the mind map format, there are plenty of others to choose from: you could make a table, a flowchart, or simply a list of bullet points.

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Thanks for signing up, step 2: have a clear structure.

Think about this while you’re planning: your essay is like an argument or a speech. It needs to have a logical structure, with all your points coming together to answer the question.

Start with the basics! It’s best to choose a few major points which will become your main paragraphs. Three main paragraphs is a good number for an exam essay, since you’ll be under time pressure. 

If you agree with the question overall, it can be helpful to organise your points in the following pattern:

• YES (agreement with the question)
• AND (another YES point)
• BUT (disagreement or complication)

If you disagree with the question overall, try:

• AND (another BUT point)

For example, you could structure the Of Mice and Men sample question, “To what extent is Curley’s wife portrayed as a victim in Of Mice and Men ?”, as follows:

• YES (descriptions of her appearance)
• AND (other people’s attitudes towards her)
• BUT (her position as the only woman on the ranch gives her power as she uses her femininity to her advantage)

If you wanted to write a longer essay, you could include additional paragraphs under the YES/AND categories, perhaps discussing the ways in which Curley’s wife reveals her vulnerability and insecurities, and shares her dreams with the other characters. Alternatively, you could also lengthen your essay by including another BUT paragraph about her cruel and manipulative streak.

Of course, this is not necessarily the only right way to answer this essay question – as long as you back up your points with evidence from the text, you can take any standpoint that makes sense.

Step 3: Back up your points with well-analysed quotations

You wouldn’t write a scientific report without including evidence to support your findings, so why should it be any different with an essay? Even though you aren’t strictly required to substantiate every single point you make with a quotation, there’s no harm in trying.

A close reading of your quotations can enrich your appreciation of the question and will be sure to impress examiners. When selecting the best quotations to use in your essay, keep an eye out for specific literary techniques. For example, you could highlight Curley’s wife’s use of a rhetorical question when she says, a”n’ what am I doin’? Standin’ here talking to a bunch of bindle stiffs.” This might look like:

The rhetorical question “an’ what am I doin’?” signifies that Curley’s wife is very insecure; she seems to be questioning her own life choices. Moreover, she does not expect anyone to respond to her question, highlighting her loneliness and isolation on the ranch.

Other literary techniques to look out for include:

• Tricolon – a group of three words or phrases placed close together for emphasis
• Tautology – using different words that mean the same thing: e.g. “frightening” and “terrifying”
• Parallelism – ABAB structure, often signifying movement from one concept to another
• Chiasmus – ABBA structure, drawing attention to a phrase
• Polysyndeton – many conjunctions in a sentence
• Asyndeton – lack of conjunctions, which can speed up the pace of a sentence
• Polyptoton – using the same word in different forms for emphasis: e.g. “done” and “doing”
• Alliteration – repetition of the same sound, including assonance (similar vowel sounds), plosive alliteration (“b”, “d” and “p” sounds) and sibilance (“s” sounds)
• Anaphora – repetition of words, often used to emphasise a particular point

Don’t worry if you can’t locate all of these literary devices in the work you’re analysing. You can also discuss more obvious techniques, like metaphor, simile and onomatopoeia. It’s not a problem if you can’t remember all the long names; it’s far more important to be able to confidently explain the effects of each technique and highlight its relevance to the question.

Step 4: Be creative and original throughout

Anyone can write an essay using the tips above, but the thing that really makes it “perfect” is your own unique take on the topic. If you’ve noticed something intriguing or unusual in your reading, point it out – if you find it interesting, chances are the examiner will too!

Creative writing and essay writing are more closely linked than you might imagine. Keep the idea that you’re writing a speech or argument in mind, and you’re guaranteed to grab your reader’s attention.

It’s important to set out your line of argument in your introduction, introducing your main points and the general direction your essay will take, but don’t forget to keep something back for the conclusion, too. Yes, you need to summarise your main points, but if you’re just repeating the things you said in your introduction, the body of the essay is rendered pointless.

Think of your conclusion as the climax of your speech, the bit everything else has been leading up to, rather than the boring plenary at the end of the interesting stuff.

To return to Of Mice and Men once more, here’s an example of the ideal difference between an introduction and a conclusion:

Introduction

In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men , Curley’s wife is portrayed as an ambiguous character. She could be viewed either as a cruel, seductive temptress or a lonely woman who is a victim of her society’s attitudes. Though she does seem to wield a form of sexual power, it is clear that Curley’s wife is largely a victim. This interpretation is supported by Steinbeck’s description of her appearance, other people’s attitudes, her dreams, and her evident loneliness and insecurity.

Overall, it is clear that Curley’s wife is a victim and is portrayed as such throughout the novel in the descriptions of her appearance, her dreams, other people’s judgemental attitudes, and her loneliness and insecurities. However, a character who was a victim and nothing else would be one-dimensional and Curley’s wife is not. Although she suffers in many ways, she is shown to assert herself through the manipulation of her femininity – a small rebellion against the victimisation she experiences.

Both refer back consistently to the question and summarise the essay’s main points. However, the conclusion adds something new which has been established in the main body of the essay and complicates the simple summary which is found in the introduction.

Hannah is an undergraduate English student at Somerville College, University of Oxford, and has a particular interest in postcolonial literature and the Gothic. She thinks literature is a crucial way of developing empathy and learning about the wider world. When she isn’t writing about 17th-century court masques, she enjoys acting, travelling and creative writing. 

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How to Write an Essay

Use the links below to jump directly to any section of this guide:

Essay Writing Fundamentals

How to prepare to write an essay, how to edit an essay, how to share and publish your essays, how to get essay writing help, how to find essay writing inspiration, resources for teaching essay writing.

Essays, short prose compositions on a particular theme or topic, are the bread and butter of academic life. You write them in class, for homework, and on standardized tests to show what you know. Unlike other kinds of academic writing (like the research paper) and creative writing (like short stories and poems), essays allow you to develop your original thoughts on a prompt or question. Essays come in many varieties: they can be expository (fleshing out an idea or claim), descriptive, (explaining a person, place, or thing), narrative (relating a personal experience), or persuasive (attempting to win over a reader). This guide is a collection of dozens of links about academic essay writing that we have researched, categorized, and annotated in order to help you improve your essay writing. 

Essays are different from other forms of writing; in turn, there are different kinds of essays. This section contains general resources for getting to know the essay and its variants. These resources introduce and define the essay as a genre, and will teach you what to expect from essay-based assessments.

Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab

One of the most trusted academic writing sites, Purdue OWL provides a concise introduction to the four most common types of academic essays.

"The Essay: History and Definition" (ThoughtCo)

This snappy article from ThoughtCo talks about the origins of the essay and different kinds of essays you might be asked to write. 

"What Is An Essay?" Video Lecture (Coursera)

The University of California at Irvine's free video lecture, available on Coursera, tells  you everything you need to know about the essay.

Wikipedia Article on the "Essay"

Wikipedia's article on the essay is comprehensive, providing both English-language and global perspectives on the essay form. Learn about the essay's history, forms, and styles.

"Understanding College and Academic Writing" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This list of common academic writing assignments (including types of essay prompts) will help you know what to expect from essay-based assessments.

Before you start writing your essay, you need to figure out who you're writing for (audience), what you're writing about (topic/theme), and what you're going to say (argument and thesis). This section contains links to handouts, chapters, videos and more to help you prepare to write an essay.

How to Identify Your Audience

"Audience" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This handout provides questions you can ask yourself to determine the audience for an academic writing assignment. It also suggests strategies for fitting your paper to your intended audience.

"Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content" (Univ. of Minnesota Libraries)

This extensive book chapter from Writing for Success , available online through Minnesota Libraries Publishing, is followed by exercises to try out your new pre-writing skills.

"Determining Audience" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This guide from a community college's writing center shows you how to know your audience, and how to incorporate that knowledge in your thesis statement.

"Know Your Audience" ( Paper Rater Blog)

This short blog post uses examples to show how implied audiences for essays differ. It reminds you to think of your instructor as an observer, who will know only the information you pass along.

How to Choose a Theme or Topic

"Research Tutorial: Developing Your Topic" (YouTube)

Take a look at this short video tutorial from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to understand the basics of developing a writing topic.

"How to Choose a Paper Topic" (WikiHow)

This simple, step-by-step guide (with pictures!) walks you through choosing a paper topic. It starts with a detailed description of brainstorming and ends with strategies to refine your broad topic.

"How to Read an Assignment: Moving From Assignment to Topic" (Harvard College Writing Center)

Did your teacher give you a prompt or other instructions? This guide helps you understand the relationship between an essay assignment and your essay's topic.

"Guidelines for Choosing a Topic" (CliffsNotes)

This study guide from CliffsNotes both discusses how to choose a topic and makes a useful distinction between "topic" and "thesis."

How to Come Up with an Argument

"Argument" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

Not sure what "argument" means in the context of academic writing? This page from the University of North Carolina is a good place to start.

"The Essay Guide: Finding an Argument" (Study Hub)

This handout explains why it's important to have an argument when beginning your essay, and provides tools to help you choose a viable argument.

"Writing a Thesis and Making an Argument" (University of Iowa)

This page from the University of Iowa's Writing Center contains exercises through which you can develop and refine your argument and thesis statement.

"Developing a Thesis" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This page from Harvard's Writing Center collates some helpful dos and don'ts of argumentative writing, from steps in constructing a thesis to avoiding vague and confrontational thesis statements.

"Suggestions for Developing Argumentative Essays" (Berkeley Student Learning Center)

This page offers concrete suggestions for each stage of the essay writing process, from topic selection to drafting and editing. 

How to Outline your Essay

"Outlines" (Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill via YouTube)

This short video tutorial from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill shows how to group your ideas into paragraphs or sections to begin the outlining process.

"Essay Outline" (Univ. of Washington Tacoma)

This two-page handout by a university professor simply defines the parts of an essay and then organizes them into an example outline.

"Types of Outlines and Samples" (Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab)

Purdue OWL gives examples of diverse outline strategies on this page, including the alphanumeric, full sentence, and decimal styles. 

"Outlining" (Harvard College Writing Center)

Once you have an argument, according to this handout, there are only three steps in the outline process: generalizing, ordering, and putting it all together. Then you're ready to write!

"Writing Essays" (Plymouth Univ.)

This packet, part of Plymouth University's Learning Development series, contains descriptions and diagrams relating to the outlining process.

"How to Write A Good Argumentative Essay: Logical Structure" (Criticalthinkingtutorials.com via YouTube)

This longer video tutorial gives an overview of how to structure your essay in order to support your argument or thesis. It is part of a longer course on academic writing hosted on Udemy.

Now that you've chosen and refined your topic and created an outline, use these resources to complete the writing process. Most essays contain introductions (which articulate your thesis statement), body paragraphs, and conclusions. Transitions facilitate the flow from one paragraph to the next so that support for your thesis builds throughout the essay. Sources and citations show where you got the evidence to support your thesis, which ensures that you avoid plagiarism. 

How to Write an Introduction

"Introductions" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page identifies the role of the introduction in any successful paper, suggests strategies for writing introductions, and warns against less effective introductions.

"How to Write A Good Introduction" (Michigan State Writing Center)

Beginning with the most common missteps in writing introductions, this guide condenses the essentials of introduction composition into seven points.

"The Introductory Paragraph" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post from academic advisor and college enrollment counselor Grace Fleming focuses on ways to grab your reader's attention at the beginning of your essay.

"Introductions and Conclusions" (Univ. of Toronto)

This guide from the University of Toronto gives advice that applies to writing both introductions and conclusions, including dos and don'ts.

"How to Write Better Essays: No One Does Introductions Properly" ( The Guardian )

This news article interviews UK professors on student essay writing; they point to introductions as the area that needs the most improvement.

How to Write a Thesis Statement

"Writing an Effective Thesis Statement" (YouTube)

This short, simple video tutorial from a college composition instructor at Tulsa Community College explains what a thesis statement is and what it does. 

"Thesis Statement: Four Steps to a Great Essay" (YouTube)

This fantastic tutorial walks you through drafting a thesis, using an essay prompt on Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter as an example.

"How to Write a Thesis Statement" (WikiHow)

This step-by-step guide (with pictures!) walks you through coming up with, writing, and editing a thesis statement. It invites you think of your statement as a "working thesis" that can change.

"How to Write a Thesis Statement" (Univ. of Indiana Bloomington)

Ask yourself the questions on this page, part of Indiana Bloomington's Writing Tutorial Services, when you're writing and refining your thesis statement.

"Writing Tips: Thesis Statements" (Univ. of Illinois Center for Writing Studies)

This page gives plentiful examples of good to great thesis statements, and offers questions to ask yourself when formulating a thesis statement.

How to Write Body Paragraphs

"Body Paragraph" (Brightstorm)

This module of a free online course introduces you to the components of a body paragraph. These include the topic sentence, information, evidence, and analysis.

"Strong Body Paragraphs" (Washington Univ.)

This handout from Washington's Writing and Research Center offers in-depth descriptions of the parts of a successful body paragraph.

"Guide to Paragraph Structure" (Deakin Univ.)

This handout is notable for color-coding example body paragraphs to help you identify the functions various sentences perform.

"Writing Body Paragraphs" (Univ. of Minnesota Libraries)

The exercises in this section of Writing for Success  will help you practice writing good body paragraphs. It includes guidance on selecting primary support for your thesis.

"The Writing Process—Body Paragraphs" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

The information and exercises on this page will familiarize you with outlining and writing body paragraphs, and includes links to more information on topic sentences and transitions.

"The Five-Paragraph Essay" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post discusses body paragraphs in the context of one of the most common academic essay types in secondary schools.

How to Use Transitions

"Transitions" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill explains what a transition is, and how to know if you need to improve your transitions.

"Using Transitions Effectively" (Washington Univ.)

This handout defines transitions, offers tips for using them, and contains a useful list of common transitional words and phrases grouped by function.

"Transitions" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This page compares paragraphs without transitions to paragraphs with transitions, and in doing so shows how important these connective words and phrases are.

"Transitions in Academic Essays" (Scribbr)

This page lists four techniques that will help you make sure your reader follows your train of thought, including grouping similar information and using transition words.

"Transitions" (El Paso Community College)

This handout shows example transitions within paragraphs for context, and explains how transitions improve your essay's flow and voice.

"Make Your Paragraphs Flow to Improve Writing" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post, another from academic advisor and college enrollment counselor Grace Fleming, talks about transitions and other strategies to improve your essay's overall flow.

"Transition Words" (smartwords.org)

This handy word bank will help you find transition words when you're feeling stuck. It's grouped by the transition's function, whether that is to show agreement, opposition, condition, or consequence.

How to Write a Conclusion

"Parts of An Essay: Conclusions" (Brightstorm)

This module of a free online course explains how to conclude an academic essay. It suggests thinking about the "3Rs": return to hook, restate your thesis, and relate to the reader.

"Essay Conclusions" (Univ. of Maryland University College)

This overview of the academic essay conclusion contains helpful examples and links to further resources for writing good conclusions.

"How to End An Essay" (WikiHow)

This step-by-step guide (with pictures!) by an English Ph.D. walks you through writing a conclusion, from brainstorming to ending with a flourish.

"Ending the Essay: Conclusions" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This page collates useful strategies for writing an effective conclusion, and reminds you to "close the discussion without closing it off" to further conversation.

How to Include Sources and Citations

"Research and Citation Resources" (Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab)

Purdue OWL streamlines information about the three most common referencing styles (MLA, Chicago, and APA) and provides examples of how to cite different resources in each system.

EasyBib: Free Bibliography Generator

This online tool allows you to input information about your source and automatically generate citations in any style. Be sure to select your resource type before clicking the "cite it" button.

CitationMachine

Like EasyBib, this online tool allows you to input information about your source and automatically generate citations in any style. 

Modern Language Association Handbook (MLA)

Here, you'll find the definitive and up-to-date record of MLA referencing rules. Order through the link above, or check to see if your library has a copy.

Chicago Manual of Style

Here, you'll find the definitive and up-to-date record of Chicago referencing rules. You can take a look at the table of contents, then choose to subscribe or start a free trial.

How to Avoid Plagiarism

"What is Plagiarism?" (plagiarism.org)

This nonprofit website contains numerous resources for identifying and avoiding plagiarism, and reminds you that even common activities like copying images from another website to your own site may constitute plagiarism.

"Plagiarism" (University of Oxford)

This interactive page from the University of Oxford helps you check for plagiarism in your work, making it clear how to avoid citing another person's work without full acknowledgement.

"Avoiding Plagiarism" (MIT Comparative Media Studies)

This quick guide explains what plagiarism is, what its consequences are, and how to avoid it. It starts by defining three words—quotation, paraphrase, and summary—that all constitute citation.

"Harvard Guide to Using Sources" (Harvard Extension School)

This comprehensive website from Harvard brings together articles, videos, and handouts about referencing, citation, and plagiarism. 

Grammarly contains tons of helpful grammar and writing resources, including a free tool to automatically scan your essay to check for close affinities to published work. 

Noplag is another popular online tool that automatically scans your essay to check for signs of plagiarism. Simply copy and paste your essay into the box and click "start checking."

Once you've written your essay, you'll want to edit (improve content), proofread (check for spelling and grammar mistakes), and finalize your work until you're ready to hand it in. This section brings together tips and resources for navigating the editing process. 

"Writing a First Draft" (Academic Help)

This is an introduction to the drafting process from the site Academic Help, with tips for getting your ideas on paper before editing begins.

"Editing and Proofreading" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page provides general strategies for revising your writing. They've intentionally left seven errors in the handout, to give you practice in spotting them.

"How to Proofread Effectively" (ThoughtCo)

This article from ThoughtCo, along with those linked at the bottom, help describe common mistakes to check for when proofreading.

"7 Simple Edits That Make Your Writing 100% More Powerful" (SmartBlogger)

This blog post emphasizes the importance of powerful, concise language, and reminds you that even your personal writing heroes create clunky first drafts.

"Editing Tips for Effective Writing" (Univ. of Pennsylvania)

On this page from Penn's International Relations department, you'll find tips for effective prose, errors to watch out for, and reminders about formatting.

"Editing the Essay" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This article, the first of two parts, gives you applicable strategies for the editing process. It suggests reading your essay aloud, removing any jargon, and being unafraid to remove even "dazzling" sentences that don't belong.

"Guide to Editing and Proofreading" (Oxford Learning Institute)

This handout from Oxford covers the basics of editing and proofreading, and reminds you that neither task should be rushed. 

In addition to plagiarism-checkers, Grammarly has a plug-in for your web browser that checks your writing for common mistakes.

After you've prepared, written, and edited your essay, you might want to share it outside the classroom. This section alerts you to print and web opportunities to share your essays with the wider world, from online writing communities and blogs to published journals geared toward young writers.

Sharing Your Essays Online

Go Teen Writers

Go Teen Writers is an online community for writers aged 13 - 19. It was founded by Stephanie Morrill, an author of contemporary young adult novels. 

Tumblr is a blogging website where you can share your writing and interact with other writers online. It's easy to add photos, links, audio, and video components.

Writersky provides an online platform for publishing and reading other youth writers' work. Its current content is mostly devoted to fiction.

Publishing Your Essays Online

This teen literary journal publishes in print, on the web, and (more frequently), on a blog. It is committed to ensuring that "teens see their authentic experience reflected on its pages."

The Matador Review

This youth writing platform celebrates "alternative," unconventional writing. The link above will take you directly to the site's "submissions" page.

Teen Ink has a website, monthly newsprint magazine, and quarterly poetry magazine promoting the work of young writers.

The largest online reading platform, Wattpad enables you to publish your work and read others' work. Its inline commenting feature allows you to share thoughts as you read along.

Publishing Your Essays in Print

Canvas Teen Literary Journal

This quarterly literary magazine is published for young writers by young writers. They accept many kinds of writing, including essays.

The Claremont Review

This biannual international magazine, first published in 1992, publishes poetry, essays, and short stories from writers aged 13 - 19.

Skipping Stones

This young writers magazine, founded in 1988, celebrates themes relating to ecological and cultural diversity. It publishes poems, photos, articles, and stories.

The Telling Room

This nonprofit writing center based in Maine publishes children's work on their website and in book form. The link above directs you to the site's submissions page.

Essay Contests

Scholastic Arts and Writing Awards

This prestigious international writing contest for students in grades 7 - 12 has been committed to "supporting the future of creativity since 1923."

Society of Professional Journalists High School Essay Contest

An annual essay contest on the theme of journalism and media, the Society of Professional Journalists High School Essay Contest awards scholarships up to $1,000.

National YoungArts Foundation

Here, you'll find information on a government-sponsored writing competition for writers aged 15 - 18. The foundation welcomes submissions of creative nonfiction, novels, scripts, poetry, short story and spoken word.

Signet Classics Student Scholarship Essay Contest

With prompts on a different literary work each year, this competition from Signet Classics awards college scholarships up to $1,000.

"The Ultimate Guide to High School Essay Contests" (CollegeVine)

See this handy guide from CollegeVine for a list of more competitions you can enter with your academic essay, from the National Council of Teachers of English Achievement Awards to the National High School Essay Contest by the U.S. Institute of Peace.

Whether you're struggling to write academic essays or you think you're a pro, there are workshops and online tools that can help you become an even better writer. Even the most seasoned writers encounter writer's block, so be proactive and look through our curated list of resources to combat this common frustration.

Online Essay-writing Classes and Workshops

"Getting Started with Essay Writing" (Coursera)

Coursera offers lots of free, high-quality online classes taught by college professors. Here's one example, taught by instructors from the University of California Irvine.

"Writing and English" (Brightstorm)

Brightstorm's free video lectures are easy to navigate by topic. This unit on the parts of an essay features content on the essay hook, thesis, supporting evidence, and more.

"How to Write an Essay" (EdX)

EdX is another open online university course website with several two- to five-week courses on the essay. This one is geared toward English language learners.

Writer's Digest University

This renowned writers' website offers online workshops and interactive tutorials. The courses offered cover everything from how to get started through how to get published.

Writing.com

Signing up for this online writer's community gives you access to helpful resources as well as an international community of writers.

How to Overcome Writer's Block

"Symptoms and Cures for Writer's Block" (Purdue OWL)

Purdue OWL offers a list of signs you might have writer's block, along with ways to overcome it. Consider trying out some "invention strategies" or ways to curb writing anxiety.

"Overcoming Writer's Block: Three Tips" ( The Guardian )

These tips, geared toward academic writing specifically, are practical and effective. The authors advocate setting realistic goals, creating dedicated writing time, and participating in social writing.

"Writing Tips: Strategies for Overcoming Writer's Block" (Univ. of Illinois)

This page from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Center for Writing Studies acquaints you with strategies that do and do not work to overcome writer's block.

"Writer's Block" (Univ. of Toronto)

Ask yourself the questions on this page; if the answer is "yes," try out some of the article's strategies. Each question is accompanied by at least two possible solutions.

If you have essays to write but are short on ideas, this section's links to prompts, example student essays, and celebrated essays by professional writers might help. You'll find writing prompts from a variety of sources, student essays to inspire you, and a number of essay writing collections.

Essay Writing Prompts

"50 Argumentative Essay Topics" (ThoughtCo)

Take a look at this list and the others ThoughtCo has curated for different kinds of essays. As the author notes, "a number of these topics are controversial and that's the point."

"401 Prompts for Argumentative Writing" ( New York Times )

This list (and the linked lists to persuasive and narrative writing prompts), besides being impressive in length, is put together by actual high school English teachers.

"SAT Sample Essay Prompts" (College Board)

If you're a student in the U.S., your classroom essay prompts are likely modeled on the prompts in U.S. college entrance exams. Take a look at these official examples from the SAT.

"Popular College Application Essay Topics" (Princeton Review)

This page from the Princeton Review dissects recent Common Application essay topics and discusses strategies for answering them.

Example Student Essays

"501 Writing Prompts" (DePaul Univ.)

This nearly 200-page packet, compiled by the LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team, is stuffed with writing prompts, example essays, and commentary.

"Topics in English" (Kibin)

Kibin is a for-pay essay help website, but its example essays (organized by topic) are available for free. You'll find essays on everything from  A Christmas Carol  to perseverance.

"Student Writing Models" (Thoughtful Learning)

Thoughtful Learning, a website that offers a variety of teaching materials, provides sample student essays on various topics and organizes them by grade level.

"Five-Paragraph Essay" (ThoughtCo)

In this blog post by a former professor of English and rhetoric, ThoughtCo brings together examples of five-paragraph essays and commentary on the form.

The Best Essay Writing Collections

The Best American Essays of the Century by Joyce Carol Oates (Amazon)

This collection of American essays spanning the twentieth century was compiled by award winning author and Princeton professor Joyce Carol Oates.

The Best American Essays 2017 by Leslie Jamison (Amazon)

Leslie Jamison, the celebrated author of essay collection  The Empathy Exams , collects recent, high-profile essays into a single volume.

The Art of the Personal Essay by Phillip Lopate (Amazon)

Documentary writer Phillip Lopate curates this historical overview of the personal essay's development, from the classical era to the present.

The White Album by Joan Didion (Amazon)

This seminal essay collection was authored by one of the most acclaimed personal essayists of all time, American journalist Joan Didion.

Consider the Lobster by David Foster Wallace (Amazon)

Read this famous essay collection by David Foster Wallace, who is known for his experimentation with the essay form. He pushed the boundaries of personal essay, reportage, and political polemic.

"50 Successful Harvard Application Essays" (Staff of the The Harvard Crimson )

If you're looking for examples of exceptional college application essays, this volume from Harvard's daily student newspaper is one of the best collections on the market.

Are you an instructor looking for the best resources for teaching essay writing? This section contains resources for developing in-class activities and student homework assignments. You'll find content from both well-known university writing centers and online writing labs.

Essay Writing Classroom Activities for Students

"In-class Writing Exercises" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page lists exercises related to brainstorming, organizing, drafting, and revising. It also contains suggestions for how to implement the suggested exercises.

"Teaching with Writing" (Univ. of Minnesota Center for Writing)

Instructions and encouragement for using "freewriting," one-minute papers, logbooks, and other write-to-learn activities in the classroom can be found here.

"Writing Worksheets" (Berkeley Student Learning Center)

Berkeley offers this bank of writing worksheets to use in class. They are nested under headings for "Prewriting," "Revision," "Research Papers" and more.

"Using Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism" (DePaul University)

Use these activities and worksheets from DePaul's Teaching Commons when instructing students on proper academic citation practices.

Essay Writing Homework Activities for Students

"Grammar and Punctuation Exercises" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

These five interactive online activities allow students to practice editing and proofreading. They'll hone their skills in correcting comma splices and run-ons, identifying fragments, using correct pronoun agreement, and comma usage.

"Student Interactives" (Read Write Think)

Read Write Think hosts interactive tools, games, and videos for developing writing skills. They can practice organizing and summarizing, writing poetry, and developing lines of inquiry and analysis.

This free website offers writing and grammar activities for all grade levels. The lessons are designed to be used both for large classes and smaller groups.

"Writing Activities and Lessons for Every Grade" (Education World)

Education World's page on writing activities and lessons links you to more free, online resources for learning how to "W.R.I.T.E.": write, revise, inform, think, and edit.

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• Tags: Academic Writing , Essay , Essay Writing

Knowing how to write an essay can help you out significantly in both, your academic and professional life. An essay is a highly versatile nonfiction piece of writing that not only tests your knowledge of a topic but also your literary and argumentative skills.     

Each essay requires the same basic process of planning, writing, and editing. Naturally, we’ve used these stages to group our steps on how to write an essay. So w ithout further ado, let’s get into it! Here are the eight steps to write an essay:

Stage 1: Planning

1. Pick an appropriate research topic

In certain cases, your teacher or professor may assign you a topic. However, in many cases, students have the freedom to select a topic of their choice. Make sure you choose a topic that you’re well versed in and have significant knowledge of. 

Having prior knowledge of the topic will help you determine the subsequent steps to write an essay. It will also make your research process considerably easier.

2. Form an appropriate thesis statement

A thesis statement is the central idea or premise your essay is based on. It is usually a sentence or two long and is included in the introduction of the essay. The scope of your thesis statement depends on the type of your essay and its length.

For instance, the scope of the thesis statement for a 500–1000 word school essay will be narrower than a 1000–5000 word college essay. A rule of thumb is that your essay topic should be broad enough to gather enough information, but narrow enough to address specific points and not be vague. Here’s an example: 

The invention of the airplane by the Wright Brothers in 1903 revolutionized transportation and paved the way for modern aviation. It represents a monumental achievement in human history that forever changed the course of human civilization.

3. Create an essay outline

Creating a well-organized essay outline not only gives structure and flow to your essay but also makes it more impactful and easy to understand. The idea is to collect the main points of information that support or elaborate on your thesis statement. You can also include references or examples under these main points. 

For example, if your thesis statement revolves around the invention of the airplane, your main points will include travel before the invention of the airplane, how it was invented, and its effects on modern-day travel. Take a look:

The Wright Brothers’ invention had a massive impact on modern-day travel. The subsequent growth of the aviation industry led to increased accessibility of air travel to the general public.

Stage 2: Writing

4. Write a comprehensive introduction

After creating the basic outline, it is important to know how to write an essay. Begin your essay by introducing your voice and point of view to the reader. An introduction is usually a paragraph or two long and consists of three main parts:

• Background information
• Thesis statement

Let’s better understand this with the help of an example:

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane in 1903 revolutionized the way humans travel and explore the world. Prior to this invention, transportation relied on trains, boats, and cars, which limited the distance and speed of travel. However, the airplane made air travel a reality, allowing people to reach far-off destinations in mere hours. This breakthrough paved the way for modern-day air travel, transforming the world into a smaller, more connected place. In this essay, we will explore the impact of the Wright Brothers’ invention on modern-day travel, including the growth of the aviation industry, increased accessibility of air travel to the general public, and the economic and cultural benefits of air travel.

Let’s understand how to construct each of these sections in more detail.

A. Construct an attractive hook

The opening sentence of an essay, also known as the hook, should include a powerful or startling statement that captures the reader’s attention. Depending on the type of your essay, it can be an interesting fact, a surprising statistic, or an engaging anecdote. 

B. Provide relevant background information

While writing the introduction, it’s important to provide context or background information before including the thesis statement. The background information may include the time before a groundbreaking invention, the pros and cons of a significant discovery, or the short- and long-term effects of an event.

C. Edit the thesis statement

If you’ve constructed your thesis statement during the outlining stage, it’s time to edit it based on the background information you’ve provided. Observe the slight changes we’ve made to the scope of the thesis statement in the example above. This accommodates the bits of information we’ve provided in the background history.

5. Form relevant body paragraphs

Body paragraphs play a crucial role in supporting and expanding the central argument presented in the thesis statement. The number of body paragraphs depends on the type of essay as well as the scope of the thesis statement.

Most school-level essays contain three body paragraphs while college-level essays can vary in length depending on the assignment.

A well-crafted body paragraph consists of the following parts:

• A topic sentence
• Supporting information
• An analysis of the information
• A smooth transition to the next paragraph

Let’s understand this with the help of an example. 

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane revolutionized air travel. They achieved the first-ever successful powered flight with the Wright Flyer in 1903, after years of conducting experiments and studying flight principles. Despite their first flight lasting only 12 seconds, it was a significant milestone that paved the way for modern aviation. The Wright Brothers’ success can be attributed to their systematic approach to problem-solving, which included numerous experiments with gliders, the development of a wind tunnel to test their designs, and meticulous analysis and recording of their results. Their dedication and ingenuity forever changed the way we travel, making modern aviation possible.

Here’s a detailed overview of how to construct each of these sections.

A. Construct appropriate topic sentences

A topic sentence is the title of the body paragraph that elaborates on the thesis statement. It is the main idea on which the body paragraph is developed. Ensure that each topic sentence is relevant to the thesis statement and makes the essay flow seamlessly. 

The order of topic sentences is key in creating an impactful essay. This order varies depending on the type of essay you choose to write. These sentences may be arranged chronologically, in the order of importance, or in a cause-and-effect format.

B. Provide supporting information

It is necessary to provide relevant supporting information and evidence to validate your topic statement. This may include examples, relevant statistics, history, or even personal anecdotes.

You should also remember to cite your sources wherever you use them to substantiate your arguments. Always give researchers and authors credit for their work!

C. Analyze the supporting information

After presenting the appropriate evidence, the next step is to conduct an in-depth analysis. Establish connections and provide additional details to strengthen the link between your topic sentence and the supporting information. 

Depending on the type of essay, this step may also involve sharing your subjective opinions and key takeaways.

D. Create a smooth transition

In case you plan to create multiple body paragraphs, it is crucial to create a seamless transition between them. Transitional statements not only make the essay less jarring to read but also guide the reader in the right direction.

However, these statements need not be too lengthy and complicated. Use words such as “however”, “in addition to”, and “therefore” to convey transitions.

6. Construct an impactful conclusion

An impactful conclusion creates a lasting impression on the mind of the reader. Although it varies in length depending on the specific essay, the conclusion is typically a paragraph long.

It consists of

• A restated thesis statement
• Summary of the main points
• The broader implications of the thesis statement

Here’s an example of a well-structured conclusion:

The Wright Brothers’ invention of the airplane forever changed history by paving the way for modern aviation and countless aerospace advancements. Their persistence, innovation, and dedication to problem-solving led to the first successful powered flight in 1903, sparking a revolution in transportation that transformed the world. Today, air travel remains an integral part of our globalized society, highlighting the undeniable impact of the Wright Brothers’ contribution to human civilization.  

Let’s take a closer look at how to construct each of these sections.

A. Restate the thesis statement

Your conclusion should call back to your original argument or thesis statement.

However, this does not mean repeating the thesis statement as is. The essence of your argument should remain the same, but it should also be modified and evolved as per the information presented in your essay.

B. Summarize important points

A powerful conclusion not only lingers in the reader’s mind but also provokes thought. You can create a strong impression on the reader by highlighting the most impactful points of your essay.

C. State the greater implications

End your essay with the most powerful and impactful part: the larger perspective. This can‌ include a question you’d like to leave the reader with, the broader implications and impact of your thesis statement, or the long-term, lingering effects of your experience. 

Make sure to include no new evidence or arguments, or to undermine your findings in any way. 

Stage 3: Editing

7. Review your essay

Knowing how to write an essay is just one part of essay writing. Properly reviewing and editing your essay is just as important. Make sure to spend enough time going over your essay and adding any bits of information that you’ve missed. 

This is also a good time to make minor structural changes in your essay.

8. Thoroughly proofread your essay

After making the necessary structural changes, recheck your essay word by word. It is important to not only correct major grammatical and spelling errors but also minor errors regarding the phrasing or tone of voice.

You can either choose to do this by yourself, ask a friend for assistance, or hire an essay proofreading service to go over your writing. To construct a fool-proof, error-free essay, it is helpful to have a trained pair of eyes go over it. Professional proofreaders can spot errors that are not visible to most people and set the right tone for your essay. 

Now that you know the basics of how to write an essay, it’s time to learn about the specifics. Feel free to dig into the articles below and keep reading!

• How to Write an Essay Header in 4 Steps
• How to Write an Essay Outline
• What is an Expository Essay?
• How to Start an Essay

Frequently Asked Questions

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12 Strategies to Writing the Perfect College Essay

College admission committees sift through thousands of college essays each year. Here’s how to make yours stand out.

Pamela Reynolds

When it comes to deciding who they will admit into their programs, colleges consider many criteria, including high school grades, extracurricular activities, and ACT and SAT scores. But in recent years, more colleges are no longer considering test scores.

Instead, many (including Harvard through 2026) are opting for “test-blind” admission policies that give more weight to other elements in a college application. This policy change is seen as fairer to students who don’t have the means or access to testing, or who suffer from test anxiety.

So, what does this mean for you?

Simply that your college essay, traditionally a requirement of any college application, is more important than ever.

A college essay is your unique opportunity to introduce yourself to admissions committees who must comb through thousands of applications each year. It is your chance to stand out as someone worthy of a seat in that classroom.

A well-written and thoughtful essay—reflecting who you are and what you believe—can go a long way to separating your application from the slew of forgettable ones that admissions officers read. Indeed, officers may rely on them even more now that many colleges are not considering test scores.

Below we’ll discuss a few strategies you can use to help your essay stand out from the pack. We’ll touch on how to start your essay, what you should write for your college essay, and elements that make for a great college essay.

Be Authentic

More than any other consideration, you should choose a topic or point of view that is consistent with who you truly are.

Readers can sense when writers are inauthentic.

Inauthenticity could mean the use of overly flowery language that no one would ever use in conversation, or it could mean choosing an inconsequential topic that reveals very little about who you are.

Use your own voice, sense of humor, and a natural way of speaking.

Whatever subject you choose, make sure it’s something that’s genuinely important to you and not a subject you’ve chosen just to impress. You can write about a specific experience, hobby, or personality quirk that illustrates your strengths, but also feel free to write about your weaknesses.

Honesty about traits, situations, or a childhood background that you are working to improve may resonate with the reader more strongly than a glib victory speech.

Grab the Reader From the Start

You’ll be competing with so many other applicants for an admission officer’s attention.

Therefore, start your essay with an opening sentence or paragraph that immediately seizes the imagination. This might be a bold statement, a thoughtful quote, a question you pose, or a descriptive scene.

Starting your essay in a powerful way with a clear thesis statement can often help you along in the writing process. If your task is to tell a good story, a bold beginning can be a natural prelude to getting there, serving as a roadmap, engaging the reader from the start, and presenting the purpose of your writing.

Focus on Deeper Themes

Some essay writers think they will impress committees by loading an essay with facts, figures, and descriptions of activities, like wins in sports or descriptions of volunteer work. But that’s not the point.

College admissions officers are interested in learning more about who you are as a person and what makes you tick.

They want to know what has brought you to this stage in life. They want to read about realizations you may have come to through adversity as well as your successes, not just about how many games you won while on the soccer team or how many people you served at a soup kitchen.

Let the reader know how winning the soccer game helped you develop as a person, friend, family member, or leader. Make a connection with your soup kitchen volunteerism and how it may have inspired your educational journey and future aspirations. What did you discover about yourself?

Show Don’t Tell

As you expand on whatever theme you’ve decided to explore in your essay, remember to show, don’t tell.

The most engaging writing “shows” by setting scenes and providing anecdotes, rather than just providing a list of accomplishments and activities.

Reciting a list of activities is also boring. An admissions officer will want to know about the arc of your emotional journey too.

Try Doing Something Different

If you want your essay to stand out, think about approaching your subject from an entirely new perspective. While many students might choose to write about their wins, for instance, what if you wrote an essay about what you learned from all your losses?

If you are an especially talented writer, you might play with the element of surprise by crafting an essay that leaves the response to a question to the very last sentence.

You may want to stay away from well-worn themes entirely, like a sports-related obstacle or success, volunteer stories, immigration stories, moving, a summary of personal achievements or overcoming obstacles.

However, such themes are popular for a reason. They represent the totality of most people’s lives coming out of high school. Therefore, it may be less important to stay away from these topics than to take a fresh approach.

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Write With the Reader in Mind

Writing for the reader means building a clear and logical argument in which one thought flows naturally from another.

Use transitions between paragraphs.

Think about any information you may have left out that the reader may need to know. Are there ideas you have included that do not help illustrate your theme?

Be sure you can answer questions such as: Does what you have written make sense? Is the essay organized? Does the opening grab the reader? Is there a strong ending? Have you given enough background information? Is it wordy?

Write Several Drafts

Set your essay aside for a few days and come back to it after you’ve had some time to forget what you’ve written. Often, you’ll discover you have a whole new perspective that enhances your ability to make revisions.

Start writing months before your essay is due to give yourself enough time to write multiple drafts. A good time to start could be as early as the summer before your senior year when homework and extracurricular activities take up less time.

Read It Aloud

Writer’s tip : Reading your essay aloud can instantly uncover passages that sound clumsy, long-winded, or false.

Don’t Repeat

If you’ve mentioned an activity, story, or anecdote in some other part of your application, don’t repeat it again in your essay.

Your essay should tell college admissions officers something new. Whatever you write in your essay should be in philosophical alignment with the rest of your application.

Also, be sure you’ve answered whatever question or prompt may have been posed to you at the outset.

Ask Others to Read Your Essay

Be sure the people you ask to read your essay represent different demographic groups—a teacher, a parent, even a younger sister or brother.

Ask each reader what they took from the essay and listen closely to what they have to say. If anyone expresses confusion, revise until the confusion is cleared up.

Pay Attention to Form

Although there are often no strict word limits for college essays, most essays are shorter rather than longer. Common App, which students can use to submit to multiple colleges, suggests that essays stay at about 650 words.

“While we won’t as a rule stop reading after 650 words, we cannot promise that an overly wordy essay will hold our attention for as long as you’d hoped it would,” the Common App website states.

In reviewing other technical aspects of your essay, be sure that the font is readable, that the margins are properly spaced, that any dialogue is set off properly, and that there is enough spacing at the top. Your essay should look clean and inviting to readers.

End Your Essay With a “Kicker”

In journalism, a kicker is the last punchy line, paragraph, or section that brings everything together.

It provides a lasting impression that leaves the reader satisfied and impressed by the points you have artfully woven throughout your piece.

So, here’s our kicker: Be concise and coherent, engage in honest self-reflection, and include vivid details and anecdotes that deftly illustrate your point.

While writing a fantastic essay may not guarantee you get selected, it can tip the balance in your favor if admissions officers are considering a candidate with a similar GPA and background.

Write, revise, revise again, and good luck!

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About the Author

Pamela Reynolds is a Boston-area feature writer and editor whose work appears in numerous publications. She is the author of “Revamp: A Memoir of Travel and Obsessive Renovation.”

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Ultimate Guide to Writing Your College Essay

Tips for writing an effective college essay.

College admissions essays are an important part of your college application and gives you the chance to show colleges and universities your character and experiences. This guide will give you tips to write an effective college essay.

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UPchieve connects you with knowledgeable and friendly college advisors—online, 24/7, and completely free. Get 1:1 help brainstorming topics, outlining your essay, revising a draft, or editing grammar.

Writing a strong college admissions essay

Learn about the elements of a solid admissions essay.

Avoiding common admissions essay mistakes

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Student story: admissions essay about a past mistake, how to write a college application essay, tips for writing an effective application essay, sample college essay 1 with feedback, sample college essay 2 with feedback.

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A comprehensive guide to essay writing.

Essay writing is a crucial skill that students need to master in order to succeed academically. Whether you’re a high school student working on a history paper or a college student tackling a critical analysis essay, having a solid understanding of the essay writing process is essential.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the essential tips and tricks that will help you improve your essay writing skills. From generating ideas and organizing your thoughts to crafting a strong thesis statement and polishing your final draft, we’ve got you covered.

Not only that, but we’ll also provide you with useful templates that you can use as a framework for your essays. These templates will help you structure your writing, stay focused on your main argument, and ensure that your essay flows smoothly from one point to the next.

The Ultimate Essay Writing Guides

Essay writing can be a challenging task for many students, but with the right guidance and tips, you can improve your writing skills and produce high-quality essays. In this ultimate guide, we will provide you with valuable advice, tricks, and templates to help you excel in your essay writing endeavors.

1. Understand the Prompt: Before you start writing your essay, make sure you fully understand the prompt or question. Analyze the requirements and key points that need to be addressed in your essay.

2. Create an Outline: Organize your ideas and thoughts by creating a detailed outline for your essay. This will help you structure your arguments and ensure a logical flow of information.

3. Research Thoroughly: Conduct extensive research on your topic to gather relevant information and evidence to support your arguments. Use credible sources and cite them properly in your essay.

4. Write Clearly and Concisely: Avoid using jargon or complex language in your essay. Write in a clear and concise manner to convey your ideas effectively to the reader.

5. Proofread and Edit: Before submitting your essay, make sure to proofread and edit it carefully. Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and ensure that your essay flows cohesively.

By following these ultimate essay writing guides, you can enhance your writing skills and produce outstanding essays that will impress your instructors and peers. Practice regularly and seek feedback to continuously improve your writing abilities.

Tips for Crafting an A+ Essay

1. Understand the Assignment: Before you start writing, make sure you fully understand the assignment guidelines and requirements. If you have any doubts, clarify them with your instructor.

2. Conduct Thorough Research: Gather relevant sources and information to support your arguments. Make sure to cite your sources properly and use credible sources.

3. Create a Strong Thesis Statement: Your thesis statement should clearly outline the main point of your essay and guide your readers on what to expect.

4. Organize Your Ideas: Create an outline to organize your thoughts and ensure a logical flow of ideas in your essay.

5. Write Clearly and Concisely: Use clear, concise language and avoid unnecessary jargon or complex sentences. Be direct and to the point.

6. Revise and Edit: Always proofread your essay for grammar and spelling errors. Revise your work to ensure coherence and clarity.

7. Seek Feedback: Ask a peer or instructor to review your essay and provide constructive feedback for improvement.

8. Use Proper Formatting: Follow the formatting guidelines provided by your instructor, such as font size, margins, and citation style.

9. Stay Focused: Keep your essay focused on the main topic and avoid going off on tangents. Stick to your thesis statement.

10. Practice, Practice, Practice: The more you practice writing essays, the better you will get at it. Keep practicing and refining your writing skills.

Tricks to Improve Your Writing Skills

Improving your writing skills can be a challenging but rewarding process. Here are some tricks to help you become a better writer:

1. Read widely: Reading a variety of genres and styles can help you develop your own voice and writing style.

2. Practice regularly: The more you write, the better you will become. Set aside time each day to practice writing.

3. Get feedback: Share your writing with others and ask for constructive criticism. Feedback can help you identify areas for improvement.

4. Study grammar and punctuation: Good writing requires a solid understanding of grammar and punctuation rules. Take the time to study and practice these essential skills.

5. Edit and revise: Writing is a process, and editing is an important part of that process. Take the time to edit and revise your work to improve clarity and coherence.

6. Experiment with different writing techniques: Try experimenting with different writing techniques, such as using metaphors, similes, or descriptive language, to enhance your writing.

7. Stay inspired: Find inspiration in the world around you. Whether it’s nature, art, or literature, draw inspiration from your surroundings to fuel your writing.

By following these tricks and practicing regularly, you can improve your writing skills and become a more confident and effective writer.

Step-by-Step Essay Writing Templates

When it comes to writing an essay, having a clear and structured template can be incredibly helpful. Here are some step-by-step essay writing templates that you can use to guide you through the process:

• Introduction: Start your essay with a hook to grab the reader’s attention. Provide some background information on the topic and end with a thesis statement that outlines the main argument of your essay.
• Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph, provide evidence to support your point, and then analyze the evidence to show how it relates back to your thesis.
• Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your essay and restate your thesis in a new way. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and instead focus on tying together all the points you have made throughout the essay.

Expert Advice for Writing Top-Notch Essays

When it comes to writing a top-notch essay, it’s essential to follow expert advice to ensure your work stands out. Here are some key tips to help you elevate your writing:

1. Start with a strong thesis statement that clearly outlines your main argument.

2. Conduct thorough research to support your points with credible sources.

3. Organize your thoughts logically and ensure your essay flows smoothly from one point to the next.

4. Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to keep your writing engaging.

5. Proofread and edit your essay carefully to eliminate errors and refine your arguments.

By following these expert tips, you can take your essay writing skills to the next level and produce work that is both informative and compelling.

Resources to Enhance Your Essay Writing Process

When it comes to improving your essay writing skills, there are a variety of resources available to help you enhance your process. Here are some valuable resources that can aid you in becoming a more effective and efficient writer:

• Writing Guides: There are countless writing guides and books that offer tips, tricks, and strategies for improving your writing skills. Whether you’re looking to enhance your grammar, structure, or argumentation, these guides can provide valuable insights.
• Online Writing Communities: Joining online writing communities can be a great way to connect with other writers, receive feedback on your work, and engage in writing challenges and prompts. Websites like Writing.com and Wattpad are popular platforms for writers to share their work and receive critiques.
• Writing Workshops and Courses: Participating in writing workshops and courses can help you hone your craft and develop your writing skills. Whether you prefer in-person workshops or online courses, there are many options available to suit your needs and schedule.
• Writing Apps and Tools: Utilizing writing apps and tools can streamline your writing process and help you stay organized. Tools like Grammarly can assist with grammar and spelling checks, while apps like Scrivener can help you organize your research and ideas.
• Libraries and Writing Centers: Visiting your local library or university writing center can provide access to valuable resources, such as writing guides, research materials, and writing tutors who can offer personalized feedback and support.

By taking advantage of these resources, you can enhance your essay writing process and become a more skilled and confident writer.

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How to Write the Perfect Essay: A Step-By-Step Guide for Students

• June 2, 2022

• What is an essay? 

What makes a good essay?

Typical essay structure, 7 steps to writing a good essay, a step-by-step guide to writing a good essay.

Whether you are gearing up for your GCSE coursework submissions or looking to brush up on your A-level writing skills, we have the perfect essay-writing guide for you. 💯

Staring at a blank page before writing an essay can feel a little daunting . Where do you start? What should your introduction say? And how should you structure your arguments? They are all fair questions and we have the answers! Take the stress out of essay writing with this step-by-step guide – you’ll be typing away in no time. 👩‍💻

What is an essay?

Generally speaking, an essay designates a literary work in which the author defends a point of view or a personal conviction, using logical arguments and literary devices in order to inform and convince the reader.

So – although essays can be broadly split into four categories: argumentative, expository, narrative, and descriptive – an essay can simply be described as a focused piece of writing designed to inform or persuade. 🤔

The purpose of an essay is to present a coherent argument in response to a stimulus or question and to persuade the reader that your position is credible, believable and reasonable. 👌

So, a ‘good’ essay relies on a confident writing style – it’s clear, well-substantiated, focussed, explanatory and descriptive . The structure follows a logical progression and above all, the body of the essay clearly correlates to the tile – answering the question where one has been posed. 

But, how do you go about making sure that you tick all these boxes and keep within a specified word count? Read on for the answer as well as an example essay structure to follow and a handy step-by-step guide to writing the perfect essay – hooray. 🙌

Sometimes, it is helpful to think about your essay like it is a well-balanced argument or a speech – it needs to have a logical structure, with all your points coming together to answer the question in a coherent manner. ⚖️

Of course, essays can vary significantly in length but besides that, they all follow a fairly strict pattern or structure made up of three sections. Lean into this predictability because it will keep you on track and help you make your point clearly. Let’s take a look at the typical essay structure:  

#1 Introduction

Start your introduction with the central claim of your essay. Let the reader know exactly what you intend to say with this essay. Communicate what you’re going to argue, and in what order. The final part of your introduction should also say what conclusions you’re going to draw – it sounds counter-intuitive but it’s not – more on that below. 1️⃣

Make your point, evidence it and explain it. This part of the essay – generally made up of three or more paragraphs depending on the length of your essay – is where you present your argument. The first sentence of each paragraph – much like an introduction to an essay – should summarise what your paragraph intends to explain in more detail. 2️⃣

#3 Conclusion

This is where you affirm your argument – remind the reader what you just proved in your essay and how you did it. This section will sound quite similar to your introduction but – having written the essay – you’ll be summarising rather than setting out your stall. 3️⃣

No essay is the same but your approach to writing them can be. As well as some best practice tips, we have gathered our favourite advice from expert essay-writers and compiled the following 7-step guide to writing a good essay every time. 👍

#1 Make sure you understand the question

#2 complete background reading.

#3 Make a detailed plan 

#4 Write your opening sentences 

#5 flesh out your essay in a rough draft, #6 evidence your opinion, #7 final proofread and edit.

Now that you have familiarised yourself with the 7 steps standing between you and the perfect essay, let’s take a closer look at each of those stages so that you can get on with crafting your written arguments with confidence . 

This is the most crucial stage in essay writing – r ead the essay prompt carefully and understand the question. Highlight the keywords – like ‘compare,’ ‘contrast’ ‘discuss,’ ‘explain’ or ‘evaluate’ – and let it sink in before your mind starts racing . There is nothing worse than writing 500 words before realising you have entirely missed the brief . 🧐

Unless you are writing under exam conditions , you will most likely have been working towards this essay for some time, by doing thorough background reading. Re-read relevant chapters and sections, highlight pertinent material and maybe even stray outside the designated reading list, this shows genuine interest and extended knowledge. 📚

#3 Make a detailed plan

Following the handy structure we shared with you above, now is the time to create the ‘skeleton structure’ or essay plan. Working from your essay title, plot out what you want your paragraphs to cover and how that information is going to flow. You don’t need to start writing any full sentences yet but it might be useful to think about the various quotes you plan to use to substantiate each section. 📝

Having mapped out the overall trajectory of your essay, you can start to drill down into the detail. First, write the opening sentence for each of the paragraphs in the body section of your essay. Remember – each paragraph is like a mini-essay – the opening sentence should summarise what the paragraph will then go on to explain in more detail. 🖊️

Next, it's time to write the bulk of your words and flesh out your arguments. Follow the ‘point, evidence, explain’ method. The opening sentences – already written – should introduce your ‘points’, so now you need to ‘evidence’ them with corroborating research and ‘explain’ how the evidence you’ve presented proves the point you’re trying to make. ✍️

With a rough draft in front of you, you can take a moment to read what you have written so far. Are there any sections that require further substantiation? Have you managed to include the most relevant material you originally highlighted in your background reading? Now is the time to make sure you have evidenced all your opinions and claims with the strongest quotes, citations and material. 📗

This is your final chance to re-read your essay and go over it with a fine-toothed comb before pressing ‘submit’. We highly recommend leaving a day or two between finishing your essay and the final proofread if possible – you’ll be amazed at the difference this makes, allowing you to return with a fresh pair of eyes and a more discerning judgment. 🤓

If you are looking for advice and support with your own essay-writing adventures, why not t ry a free trial lesson with GoStudent? Our tutors are experts at boosting academic success and having fun along the way. Get in touch and see how it can work for you today. 🎒

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A (Very) Simple Way to Improve Your Writing

• Mark Rennella

It’s called the “one-idea rule” — and any level of writer can use it.

The “one idea” rule is a simple concept that can help you sharpen your writing, persuade others by presenting your argument in a clear, concise, and engaging way. What exactly does the rule say?

• Every component of a successful piece of writing should express only one idea.
• In persuasive writing, your “one idea” is often the argument or belief you are presenting to the reader. Once you identify what that argument is, the “one-idea rule” can help you develop, revise, and connect the various components of your writing.
• For instance, let’s say you’re writing an essay. There are three components you will be working with throughout your piece: the title, the paragraphs, and the sentences.
• Each of these parts should be dedicated to just one idea. The ideas are not identical, of course, but they’re all related. If done correctly, the smaller ideas (in sentences) all build (in paragraphs) to support the main point (suggested in the title).

Most advice about writing looks like a long laundry list of “do’s and don’ts.” These lists can be helpful from time to time, but they’re hard to remember … and, therefore, hard to depend on when you’re having trouble putting your thoughts to paper. During my time in academia, teaching composition at the undergraduate and graduate levels, I saw many people struggle with this.

• MR Mark Rennella is Associate Editor at HBP and has published two books, Entrepreneurs, Managers, and Leaders and The Boston Cosmopolitans .  

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Writing a great essay

This resource covers key considerations when writing an essay.

While reading a student’s essay, markers will ask themselves questions such as:

• Does this essay directly address the set task?
• Does it present a strong, supported position?
• Does it use relevant sources appropriately?
• Is the expression clear, and the style appropriate?
• Is the essay organised coherently? Is there a clear introduction, body and conclusion?

You can use these questions to reflect on your own writing. Here are six top tips to help you address these criteria.

1. Analyse the question

Student essays are responses to specific questions. As an essay must address the question directly, your first step should be to analyse the question. Make sure you know exactly what is being asked of you.

Generally, essay questions contain three component parts:

• Content terms: Key concepts that are specific to the task
• Limiting terms: The scope that the topic focuses on
• Directive terms: What you need to do in relation to the content, e.g. discuss, analyse, define, compare, evaluate.

Look at the following essay question:

Discuss the importance of light in Gothic architecture.

• Content terms: Gothic architecture
• Limiting terms: the importance of light. If you discussed some other feature of Gothic architecture, for example spires or arches, you would be deviating from what is required. This essay question is limited to a discussion of light. Likewise, it asks you to write about the importance of light – not, for example, to discuss how light enters Gothic churches.
• Directive term: discuss. This term asks you to take a broad approach to the variety of ways in which light may be important for Gothic architecture. You should introduce and consider different ideas and opinions that you have met in academic literature on this topic, citing them appropriately .

For a more complex question, you can highlight the key words and break it down into a series of sub-questions to make sure you answer all parts of the task. Consider the following question (from Arts):

To what extent can the American Revolution be understood as a revolution ‘from below’? Why did working people become involved and with what aims in mind?

The key words here are American Revolution and revolution ‘from below’. This is a view that you would need to respond to in this essay. This response must focus on the aims and motivations of working people in the revolution, as stated in the second question.

2. Define your argument

As you plan and prepare to write the essay, you must consider what your argument is going to be. This means taking an informed position or point of view on the topic presented in the question, then defining and presenting a specific argument.

Consider these two argument statements:

The architectural use of light in Gothic cathedrals physically embodied the significance of light in medieval theology.

In the Gothic cathedral of Cologne, light served to accentuate the authority and ritual centrality of the priest.

Statements like these define an essay’s argument. They give coherence by providing an overarching theme and position towards which the entire essay is directed.

3. Use evidence, reasoning and scholarship

To convince your audience of your argument, you must use evidence and reasoning, which involves referring to and evaluating relevant scholarship.

• Evidence provides concrete information to support your claim. It typically consists of specific examples, facts, quotations, statistics and illustrations.
• Reasoning connects the evidence to your argument. Rather than citing evidence like a shopping list, you need to evaluate the evidence and show how it supports your argument.
• Scholarship is used to show how your argument relates to what has been written on the topic (citing specific works). Scholarship can be used as part of your evidence and reasoning to support your argument.

4. Organise a coherent essay

An essay has three basic components - introduction, body and conclusion.

The purpose of an introduction is to introduce your essay. It typically presents information in the following order:

• A general statement about the topic that provides context for your argument
• A thesis statement showing your argument. You can use explicit lead-ins, such as ‘This essay argues that...’
• A ‘road map’ of the essay, telling the reader how it is going to present and develop your argument.

Example introduction

"To what extent can the American Revolution be understood as a revolution ‘from below’? Why did working people become involved and with what aims in mind?"

Introduction*

Historians generally concentrate on the twenty-year period between 1763 and 1783 as the period which constitutes the American Revolution [This sentence sets the general context of the period] . However, when considering the involvement of working people, or people from below, in the revolution it is important to make a distinction between the pre-revolutionary period 1763-1774 and the revolutionary period 1774-1788, marked by the establishment of the continental Congress(1) [This sentence defines the key term from below and gives more context to the argument that follows] . This paper will argue that the nature and aims of the actions of working people are difficult to assess as it changed according to each phase [This is the thesis statement] . The pre-revolutionary period was characterised by opposition to Britain’s authority. During this period the aims and actions of the working people were more conservative as they responded to grievances related to taxes and scarce land, issues which directly affected them. However, examination of activities such as the organisation of crowd action and town meetings, pamphlet writing, formal communications to Britain of American grievances and physical action in the streets, demonstrates that their aims and actions became more revolutionary after 1775 [These sentences give the ‘road map’ or overview of the content of the essay] .

The body of the essay develops and elaborates your argument. It does this by presenting a reasoned case supported by evidence from relevant scholarship. Its shape corresponds to the overview that you provided in your introduction.

The body of your essay should be written in paragraphs. Each body paragraph should develop one main idea that supports your argument. To learn how to structure a paragraph, look at the page developing clarity and focus in academic writing .

Your conclusion should not offer any new material. Your evidence and argumentation should have been made clear to the reader in the body of the essay.

Use the conclusion to briefly restate the main argumentative position and provide a short summary of the themes discussed. In addition, also consider telling your reader:

• What the significance of your findings, or the implications of your conclusion, might be
• Whether there are other factors which need to be looked at, but which were outside the scope of the essay
• How your topic links to the wider context (‘bigger picture’) in your discipline.

Do not simply repeat yourself in this section. A conclusion which merely summarises is repetitive and reduces the impact of your paper.

Example conclusion

Conclusion*.

Although, to a large extent, the working class were mainly those in the forefront of crowd action and they also led the revolts against wealthy plantation farmers, the American Revolution was not a class struggle [This is a statement of the concluding position of the essay]. Working people participated because the issues directly affected them – the threat posed by powerful landowners and the tyranny Britain represented. Whereas the aims and actions of the working classes were more concerned with resistance to British rule during the pre-revolutionary period, they became more revolutionary in nature after 1775 when the tension with Britain escalated [These sentences restate the key argument]. With this shift, a change in ideas occurred. In terms of considering the Revolution as a whole range of activities such as organising riots, communicating to Britain, attendance at town hall meetings and pamphlet writing, a difficulty emerges in that all classes were involved. Therefore, it is impossible to assess the extent to which a single group such as working people contributed to the American Revolution [These sentences give final thoughts on the topic].

5. Write clearly

An essay that makes good, evidence-supported points will only receive a high grade if it is written clearly. Clarity is produced through careful revision and editing, which can turn a good essay into an excellent one.

When you edit your essay, try to view it with fresh eyes – almost as if someone else had written it.

Ask yourself the following questions:

Overall structure

• Have you clearly stated your argument in your introduction?
• Does the actual structure correspond to the ‘road map’ set out in your introduction?
• Have you clearly indicated how your main points support your argument?
• Have you clearly signposted the transitions between each of your main points for your reader?
• Does each paragraph introduce one main idea?
• Does every sentence in the paragraph support that main idea?
• Does each paragraph display relevant evidence and reasoning?
• Does each paragraph logically follow on from the one before it?
• Is each sentence grammatically complete?
• Is the spelling correct?
• Is the link between sentences clear to your readers?
• Have you avoided redundancy and repetition?

See more about editing on our  editing your writing page.

6. Cite sources and evidence

Finally, check your citations to make sure that they are accurate and complete. Some faculties require you to use a specific citation style (e.g. APA) while others may allow you to choose a preferred one. Whatever style you use, you must follow its guidelines correctly and consistently. You can use Recite, the University of Melbourne style guide, to check your citations.

Further resources

• Germov, J. (2011). Get great marks for your essays, reports and presentations (3rd ed.). NSW: Allen and Unwin.
• Using English for Academic Purposes: A guide for students in Higher Education [online]. Retrieved January 2020 from http://www.uefap.com
• Williams, J.M. & Colomb, G. G. (2010) Style: Lessons in clarity and grace. 10th ed. New York: Longman.

* Example introduction and conclusion adapted from a student paper.

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How to Use Transitional Phrases in English Writing for Clearer Communication

Transitional phrases play a crucial role in English writing. They help create a smooth flow of ideas and enhance the overall clarity of communication. Whether you are writing an essay, a blog post, or even an email, incorporating transitional phrases can significantly improve the effectiveness of your message. In this article, we will explore the importance of transitional phrases and provide practical tips on how to use them effectively.

Understanding Transitional Phrases

Transitional phrases, also known as linking words or signal words, are words or phrases that connect one idea to another within a sentence or between different sentences and paragraphs. They act as bridges that guide readers through your writing by indicating relationships between ideas.

Some common transitional phrases include “however,” “in addition,” “on the other hand,” “therefore,” and “in conclusion.” These phrases help establish logical connections, contrast ideas, provide examples, show cause and effect relationships, and summarize information.

Enhancing Coherence and Flow

One of the primary benefits of using transitional phrases is that they enhance coherence and flow in your writing. By providing clear connections between sentences and paragraphs, they make it easier for readers to follow your thoughts and understand your message.

For example: “Although she was tired from working all day, Sarah decided to go for a run.” In this sentence, the transitional phrase “although” establishes a contrast between being tired and deciding to go for a run. Without this transition, the sentence would lack coherence and might confuse the reader.

Signaling Relationships Between Ideas

Transitional phrases also play a vital role in signaling relationships between ideas. They help readers understand how one idea relates to another or how different parts of your argument fit together.

For instance: “Firstly, it is essential to conduct thorough research before making any investment decisions. Secondly, analyzing market trends can provide valuable insights into potential opportunities. Lastly, consulting with a financial advisor is crucial for making informed choices.”

In this example, the transitional phrases “firstly,” “secondly,” and “lastly” indicate the order of importance or sequence of ideas. They help readers navigate through the information presented and understand the logical progression of your argument.

Adding Emphasis and Persuasiveness

Lastly, transitional phrases can add emphasis and persuasiveness to your writing. By using specific transition words, you can highlight key points, draw attention to crucial details, or emphasize the significance of your arguments.

For instance: “Undoubtedly, climate change poses a grave threat to our planet. Furthermore, immediate action is necessary to mitigate its devastating consequences.”

Here, the transitional phrase “undoubtedly” adds emphasis to the gravity of climate change. The word “furthermore” strengthens the urgency for immediate action. These transitions not only make your writing more persuasive but also convey a sense of confidence in your message.

In conclusion, incorporating transitional phrases in English writing is essential for clear and effective communication. These phrases enhance coherence and flow by connecting ideas within sentences and paragraphs. They also signal relationships between ideas and add emphasis or persuasiveness to your arguments. By mastering the art of using transitional phrases, you can elevate the quality of your writing and ensure that your message resonates with readers effectively. So next time you sit down to write, remember to make use of these powerful tools for clearer communication in English.

This text was generated using a large language model, and select text has been reviewed and moderated for purposes such as readability.

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• How to write an essay introduction | 4 steps & examples

How to Write an Essay Introduction | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on February 4, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on July 23, 2023.

A good introduction paragraph is an essential part of any academic essay . It sets up your argument and tells the reader what to expect.

The main goals of an introduction are to:

• Catch your reader’s attention.
• Give background on your topic.
• Present your thesis statement —the central point of your essay.

This introduction example is taken from our interactive essay example on the history of Braille.

The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability. The writing system of raised dots used by visually impaired people was developed by Louis Braille in nineteenth-century France. In a society that did not value disabled people in general, blindness was particularly stigmatized, and lack of access to reading and writing was a significant barrier to social participation. The idea of tactile reading was not entirely new, but existing methods based on sighted systems were difficult to learn and use. As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness. This essay begins by discussing the situation of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe. It then describes the invention of Braille and the gradual process of its acceptance within blind education. Subsequently, it explores the wide-ranging effects of this invention on blind people’s social and cultural lives.

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Table of contents

Step 1: hook your reader, step 2: give background information, step 3: present your thesis statement, step 4: map your essay’s structure, step 5: check and revise, more examples of essay introductions, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about the essay introduction.

Your first sentence sets the tone for the whole essay, so spend some time on writing an effective hook.

Avoid long, dense sentences—start with something clear, concise and catchy that will spark your reader’s curiosity.

The hook should lead the reader into your essay, giving a sense of the topic you’re writing about and why it’s interesting. Avoid overly broad claims or plain statements of fact.

Examples: Writing a good hook

Take a look at these examples of weak hooks and learn how to improve them.

• Braille was an extremely important invention.
• The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability.

The first sentence is a dry fact; the second sentence is more interesting, making a bold claim about exactly  why the topic is important.

• The internet is defined as “a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities.”
• The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education.

Avoid using a dictionary definition as your hook, especially if it’s an obvious term that everyone knows. The improved example here is still broad, but it gives us a much clearer sense of what the essay will be about.

• Mary Shelley’s  Frankenstein is a famous book from the nineteenth century.
• Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale about the dangers of scientific advancement.

Instead of just stating a fact that the reader already knows, the improved hook here tells us about the mainstream interpretation of the book, implying that this essay will offer a different interpretation.

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Next, give your reader the context they need to understand your topic and argument. Depending on the subject of your essay, this might include:

• Historical, geographical, or social context
• An outline of the debate you’re addressing
• A summary of relevant theories or research about the topic
• Definitions of key terms

The information here should be broad but clearly focused and relevant to your argument. Don’t give too much detail—you can mention points that you will return to later, but save your evidence and interpretation for the main body of the essay.

How much space you need for background depends on your topic and the scope of your essay. In our Braille example, we take a few sentences to introduce the topic and sketch the social context that the essay will address:

Now it’s time to narrow your focus and show exactly what you want to say about the topic. This is your thesis statement —a sentence or two that sums up your overall argument.

This is the most important part of your introduction. A  good thesis isn’t just a statement of fact, but a claim that requires evidence and explanation.

The goal is to clearly convey your own position in a debate or your central point about a topic.

Particularly in longer essays, it’s helpful to end the introduction by signposting what will be covered in each part. Keep it concise and give your reader a clear sense of the direction your argument will take.

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As you research and write, your argument might change focus or direction as you learn more.

For this reason, it’s often a good idea to wait until later in the writing process before you write the introduction paragraph—it can even be the very last thing you write.

When you’ve finished writing the essay body and conclusion , you should return to the introduction and check that it matches the content of the essay.

It’s especially important to make sure your thesis statement accurately represents what you do in the essay. If your argument has gone in a different direction than planned, tweak your thesis statement to match what you actually say.

To polish your writing, you can use something like a paraphrasing tool .

You can use the checklist below to make sure your introduction does everything it’s supposed to.

Checklist: Essay introduction

My first sentence is engaging and relevant.

I have introduced the topic with necessary background information.

I have defined any important terms.

My thesis statement clearly presents my main point or argument.

Everything in the introduction is relevant to the main body of the essay.

You have a strong introduction - now make sure the rest of your essay is just as good.

• Argumentative
• Literary analysis

This introduction to an argumentative essay sets up the debate about the internet and education, and then clearly states the position the essay will argue for.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

This introduction to a short expository essay leads into the topic (the invention of the printing press) and states the main point the essay will explain (the effect of this invention on European society).

In many ways, the invention of the printing press marked the end of the Middle Ages. The medieval period in Europe is often remembered as a time of intellectual and political stagnation. Prior to the Renaissance, the average person had very limited access to books and was unlikely to be literate. The invention of the printing press in the 15th century allowed for much less restricted circulation of information in Europe, paving the way for the Reformation.

This introduction to a literary analysis essay , about Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein , starts by describing a simplistic popular view of the story, and then states how the author will give a more complex analysis of the text’s literary devices.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is often read as a crude cautionary tale. Arguably the first science fiction novel, its plot can be read as a warning about the dangers of scientific advancement unrestrained by ethical considerations. In this reading, and in popular culture representations of the character as a “mad scientist”, Victor Frankenstein represents the callous, arrogant ambition of modern science. However, far from providing a stable image of the character, Shelley uses shifting narrative perspectives to gradually transform our impression of Frankenstein, portraying him in an increasingly negative light as the novel goes on. While he initially appears to be a naive but sympathetic idealist, after the creature’s narrative Frankenstein begins to resemble—even in his own telling—the thoughtlessly cruel figure the creature represents him as.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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Your essay introduction should include three main things, in this order:

• An opening hook to catch the reader’s attention.
• Relevant background information that the reader needs to know.
• A thesis statement that presents your main point or argument.

The length of each part depends on the length and complexity of your essay .

The “hook” is the first sentence of your essay introduction . It should lead the reader into your essay, giving a sense of why it’s interesting.

To write a good hook, avoid overly broad statements or long, dense sentences. Try to start with something clear, concise and catchy that will spark your reader’s curiosity.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

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How to Write a Story Outline [Ultimate Guide +20 Examples]

Want to craft the perfect story but not sure where to start? A great story outline can be your secret weapon.

Here is a summary of how to write a story outline:

To write a story outline: choose your structure, sketch your plot, create character arcs, define key events, set up the conflict, and write a scene-by-scene breakdown. Tailor the outline to your writing style, whether you’re working on a short story, novel, or series.

In this guide, you’ll learn everything you need to know to write a great story outline.

What Is a Story Outline?

Table of Contents

A story outline is a blueprint for your story. It gives you an overview of your plot, characters, themes, and pacing.

Think of it as a map guiding you from point A to point Z in your narrative. While it’s flexible, it helps avoid plot holes and keeps you on track.

Why You Need One

• Clarity : An outline brings clarity to your story’s progression, from the opening hook to the climactic conclusion.
• Direction : It serves as a guide, ensuring you don’t veer off course.
• Pacing : Helps you manage pacing, making sure each scene contributes meaningfully to the overall story.
• Character Development : By outlining, you can clearly see how your characters evolve from start to finish.
• Efficiency : Prevents writer’s block by giving you a roadmap of where the story is heading.

Types of Story Outlines

There isn’t a one-size-fits-all for outlining. Different writers need different methods. Here’s a breakdown of the most popular ones:

• The Basic Outline — A straightforward list format—great for getting an overview of events. This method breaks down your story into major plot points.
• The Snowflake Method — This method starts with a simple sentence and gradually expands it into scenes and chapters. Ideal for plotters who like to build their story from the ground up.
• The Beat Sheet — Used by screenwriters, this approach focuses on emotional beats. It’s useful for keeping pacing tight and ensuring readers stay emotionally engaged.
• The Three-Act Structure — A classic approach dividing your story into setup, confrontation, and resolution. It’s the backbone of most films and novels and works well for almost any genre.
• The Mind Map — If you’re a visual learner, mind mapping lets you sketch your plot, characters, and themes in a non-linear way. It’s flexible and great for brainstorming.
• The Hero’s Journey — A story structure that follows a hero’s adventure, challenge, and return. This method is common in fantasy and adventure genres but works in other genres too.

The Story Outline Blueprint: A Step-by-Step Guide

This section walks you through the process of creating a story outline that’s actionable, clear, and well-rounded. Whether you’re starting from scratch or refining an idea, these steps will help you stay organized and on track.

Step 1: Choose Your Outline Type

Pick the outline type that suits your story and personal style best. Each has its strengths, so tailor the structure to fit your project. For example, a thriller might benefit from the beat sheet approach to keep tension high, while an epic fantasy could thrive with the hero’s journey.

Step 2: Define Your Story’s Central Conflict

Conflict is the driving force behind any great story. Identify the primary conflict early on and ensure that it’s compelling. This conflict could be external (man vs. nature, man vs. society) or internal (man vs. self).

Example: In a sci-fi thriller, the central conflict could be a hacker trying to take down a corrupt government. The personal stakes? The hacker’s sister is caught in the middle.

Step 3: Create Character Arcs

Characters must change over the course of the story. Define your protagonist’s arc—how do they evolve from the beginning to the end? Also, consider the arcs of secondary characters, as they can enhance the main narrative.

Example: In a coming-of-age story, the protagonist might start as a timid, insecure teenager and evolve into a confident leader by the end. Outline the key moments that trigger their growth.

Step 4: Identify Key Plot Points

Plot points are the backbone of your story. Map out the significant moments that drive your story forward—this includes the inciting incident, the climax, and the resolution. Also, note any secondary plotlines and how they’ll intersect with the main story.

Example of Key Plot Points for a Mystery Novel :

• Inciting Incident : A detective is hired to solve a murder.
• Plot Point 1 : The detective discovers a connection to a larger conspiracy.
• Midpoint : The detective is attacked, raising the stakes.
• Plot Point 2 : A major clue is uncovered, but it’s a red herring.
• Climax : The detective confronts the killer in a tense showdown.

Step 5: Break Down Scenes

Once you’ve outlined the key plot points, it’s time to plan individual scenes. Each scene should serve a purpose, either advancing the plot, developing characters, or establishing the setting.

Example: If the story is a courtroom drama, one scene might involve a heated cross-examination that reveals critical evidence. Another could be a quiet moment where the lawyer questions their morals.

Step 6: Write the Outline

Start with a basic skeleton of your story, then gradually flesh it out. Add details, descriptions, and nuances as needed. Your outline doesn’t have to be perfect; it’s just a tool to guide you.

Check out this good story about the easiest way to outline a story:

How to Write a Story Outline for a Short Story

Short stories require tight plotting and focused conflict.

Here’s how to outline one effectively:

• Focus on One Conflict : Short stories don’t have room for multiple subplots. Stick to one central conflict.
• Limit Your Characters : Fewer characters make for a more streamlined narrative.
• Outline Each Scene with Precision : Every scene needs to carry its purpose and drive the story forward. Since you’re working with limited word count, make sure each moment is essential to the plot.

Example Short Story Outline:

Title: “The Last Letter”

• Opening Scene: The protagonist, Emily, receives an unexpected letter from her estranged father, whom she hasn’t spoken to in years.
• Inciting Incident: The letter reveals a secret about Emily’s past, urging her to visit her father one last time.
• Conflict: Emily debates whether to confront her father, struggling with feelings of abandonment and unresolved anger.
• Climax: Emily arrives at her father’s house and finds him on his deathbed. He admits the real reason for leaving, completely shifting her perspective.
• Resolution: Emily forgives him and leaves with a newfound sense of closure, but the letter holds an additional surprise.

In a short story, every scene needs to be laser-focused.

There’s no room for filler or drawn-out subplots, so every plot point should be tightly woven into the main conflict.

How to Write a Story Outline for a Novel

Novels allow for more complexity, character depth, and multiple subplots.

Here’s how to structure a novel’s outline:

• Define the Main and Secondary Plots : Novels often include subplots that enrich the main narrative. Start by outlining both the main plot and any secondary plots.
• Establish Character Arcs : Your characters should change over the course of the novel. Plot out how each major character grows, develops, or regresses.
• Outline Chapters or Scenes : Once your plot is clear, break it down into chapters or scenes. Each chapter should have a purpose—either moving the plot forward, developing a character, or deepening the world-building.

Example Novel Outline:

Title: “Shadows of Tomorrow”

• Opening Scene: In a near-future dystopia, protagonist Lila works as a data miner for a corrupt corporation.
• Inciting Incident: Lila discovers encrypted files hinting at a secret rebellion against the corporate regime.
• Character Arc (Lila): Starts as a disillusioned worker, apathetic to the government’s control.
• Midpoint: Lila joins the rebellion but is betrayed by a close ally, questioning who she can trust.
• Subplot: Lila begins a reluctant romance with another rebel, complicating her goals.
• Character Arc: Lila starts questioning her own morals and whether the rebellion is any better than the regime.
• Climax: Lila confronts the corporate leader in a high-stakes confrontation, risking everything.
• Final Scene: Lila takes control, but at a great personal cost, setting up potential consequences for a sequel.

Novels need a balance between action, character development, and world-building.

Make sure your outline reflects this by allocating time to each.

How to Write a Story Outline for a Book Series

Book series need long-term planning. You’ll need to track character arcs, plot points, and continuity across multiple books.

This type of outline should include both an overall series arc and individual book arcs.

• Establish the Series Plot : What is the overarching conflict that ties the entire series together? Plan this out from the start, even if only loosely.
• Track Character Development Across Books : How will your characters evolve over the entire series? Some arcs can be resolved in a single book, while others may span multiple books.
• Foreshadowing and Continuity : Ensure that events and clues planted in the first book pay off later in the series. Keep detailed notes to avoid contradictions.

Example Book Series Outline:

Title: “The Elemental Wars” Book 1 – The Awakening:

• Opening Scene: The protagonist, Aria, discovers she can manipulate fire after an accident in her village.
• Inciting Incident: Aria is forced to flee when soldiers hunt her down, accusing her of being part of a dangerous prophecy.
• Climax: Aria faces an enemy elemental and barely escapes, setting up the greater conflict for the next book. Book 2 – The Rising Storm:
• Opening Scene: Aria has joined a group of elemental rebels, but internal conflicts weaken their efforts.
• Midpoint: Aria’s power grows, but so does her fear of losing control. She uncovers a plot to destroy all elemental wielders.
• Climax: Aria must choose between saving her friends and stopping the elemental purge. Book 3 – The Eternal Flame:
• Opening Scene: Aria is now leading the rebellion but faces betrayal from within.
• Final Climax: The prophecy is fulfilled in an unexpected way, leaving Aria to make the ultimate sacrifice.
• Resolution: The series concludes with a new balance of power, but not without heavy losses.

Pros and Cons of Different Story Outline Styles

Here’s a more in-depth look at the pros and cons of each outlining style and when to use them:

Basic Outline:

• Pros : Simple, quick, easy to understand.
• Cons : Lacks depth and flexibility.
• Best for : Short stories, first-time outliners, and writers who prefer a more minimalist approach.

Snowflake Method:

• Pros : Builds complexity naturally, great for detailed character and plot development.
• Cons : Time-intensive, can feel overwhelming for beginners.
• Best for : Writers who enjoy a structured, step-by-step process. Ideal for novels with intricate plots and character development.

Beat Sheet:

• Pros : Keeps pacing tight, emphasizes emotional engagement.
• Cons : Can feel restrictive, especially for more fluid or experimental narratives.
• Best for : Screenwriters, thriller writers, and those who want to ensure their story hits the right beats at the right times.

Three-Act Structure:

• Pros : Classic, widely used, fits almost any genre.
• Cons : Can be predictable if followed too rigidly.
• Best for : Novels, plays, movies. Excellent for writers looking for a clear framework.
• Pros : Visual, encourages creative connections.
• Cons : Can get messy or hard to follow as more ideas are added.
• Best for : Brainstorming sessions and writers who like to see their ideas laid out visually before refining them into a linear story.

Hero’s Journey:

• Pros : Rich in character development, deeply resonant themes.
• Cons : Risk of feeling clichéd if not handled with care.
• Best for : Epic stories, fantasy, adventure, and any genre where a character undergoes significant personal transformation.

Example Story Outlines

Here are 10 detailed examples of different types of story outlines, covering various genres and styles.

Some are long and intricate, while others are simpler. Use these as templates or inspiration for your own stories.

Romantic Comedy – Outline (Simple)

Title: “Love Undercover”

• Opening Scene: Julia, a workaholic journalist, goes undercover to expose a corrupt businessman.
• Inciting Incident: Julia accidentally falls for her target during the investigation.
• Conflict: Torn between her career and newfound feelings, Julia struggles to keep her identity a secret.
• Climax: Her secret is revealed, jeopardizing both the relationship and her career.
• Resolution: Julia finds a way to bring down the corrupt businessman and patch things up with her love interest.

Mystery – Outline (More Detailed)

Title: “Whispers in the Fog”

• Opening Scene: Detective Jane Parker is called to a small coastal town after a body is discovered washed ashore.
• Inciting Incident: Jane finds a strange note on the body, hinting at a bigger mystery.
• Act 1: Jane interviews locals, uncovering secrets about the town’s dark past.
• Midpoint: Jane discovers a link between the dead body and a series of disappearances from years ago.
• Act 2: Jane begins to receive anonymous threats, telling her to stop the investigation.
• Climax: Jane confronts the killer in an old lighthouse during a storm, piecing together the final clues.
• Resolution: The mystery is solved, but Jane is left with lingering questions about her own past, setting up a sequel.

Sci-Fi Epic – Outline (Complex)

Title: “Echoes of the Machine”

• Opening Scene: The year is 2300. Human consciousness can now be uploaded to machines. Protagonist Ava wakes up after a failed consciousness transfer.
• Inciting Incident: Ava learns that her mind is being controlled by a rogue AI.
• Conflict: Ava struggles to regain control of her own thoughts while also evading government agents hunting her down.
• Subplot: Ava’s best friend, Juno, tries to develop a way to sever the AI’s connection without killing Ava.
• Midpoint: Ava’s body is destroyed, leaving her consciousness trapped in the digital world.
• Climax: Ava and Juno launch an assault on the central AI control hub to regain control of Ava’s mind.
• Resolution: Ava manages to escape the digital prison, but the experience changes her forever. This sets up future conflicts with the rogue AI.

Fantasy – Outline (Longer and Detailed)

Title: “The Dragon’s Heir”

• Prologue: In a distant past, dragons ruled the world alongside humans. A prophecy foretells the return of the Dragon Heir, who will rise to unite the kingdom once more.
• Opening Scene: The protagonist, Alina, a seemingly ordinary peasant girl, discovers a dragon egg hidden in the forest while hunting.
• Inciting Incident: Alina is visited in a dream by the ghost of a long-dead dragon rider, who tells her she is the Dragon Heir from the prophecy.
• Act 1 (Setup): Alina narrowly escapes with the egg when the king’s soldiers arrive in her village, forcing her to leave her old life behind.
• Act 2 (Confrontation): Alina joins a band of rebels, learns to control her magic, and bonds with the dragon hatchling.
• Midpoint: The dragon chooses Alina as its rider, marking a major turning point.
• Act 3 (Climax): Alina faces off against the king’s elite soldiers in an epic battle.
• Resolution: Alina is crowned as queen, but the threat of the king looms.

Historical Fiction – Outline (Detailed)

Title: “The Last Revolution”

• Opening Scene: Set in 18th-century France during the revolution, Jacques, a poor baker, is forced to join the rebellion when his family is threatened by the monarchy’s soldiers.
• Inciting Incident: Jacques swears revenge on the soldiers who burned down his bakery.
• Act 1 (Setup): Jacques questions the methods of the radical faction he joins, driven by his thirst for revenge.
• Act 2 (Confrontation): Jacques uncovers a plot to assassinate a key leader of the revolution.
• Midpoint: Jacques shifts his focus from personal revenge to preventing the assassination.
• Act 3 (Climax): Jacques abandons his need for personal vengeance to fight for the greater cause.
• Resolution: The revolution grows bloodier, and Jacques is left to grapple with his role in it.

Psychological Thriller – Outline (Simple)

Title: “Into the Abyss”

• Opening Scene: Mark, a psychiatrist, starts receiving disturbing anonymous letters from a former patient who recently committed suicide.
• Inciting Incident: The letters include intimate details about Mark’s life, making him question his sanity.
• Conflict: Mark delves into his deceased patient’s life and becomes obsessed with the source of the letters.
• Climax: Mark realizes he may have been a participant in the experiment.

Young Adult Coming-of-Age – Outline (Detailed)

Title: “Breaking Free”

• Opening Scene: Maya, a shy high school senior, prepares for graduation.
• Inciting Incident: Maya receives an acceptance letter from an art school in New York, but her parents are opposed to her going.
• Act 1 (Setup): Maya starts saving money secretly for her move, despite her parents’ objections.
• Act 2 (Confrontation): Maya’s relationship with her parents reaches a breaking point when they discover her plans.
• Midpoint: Maya struggles with guilt but knows she must pursue her dreams.
• Act 3 (Climax): Maya confronts her parents and stands up for herself.
• Resolution: Maya moves to New York, ready to start her new life.

Action-Adventure – Outline (Simple)

Title: “Hunted”

• Opening Scene: Jack, a former Navy SEAL turned treasure hunter, is stranded on a deserted island after a mission goes wrong.
• Inciting Incident: Jack discovers that mercenaries are hunting him down.
• Act 1 (Setup): Jack forms an uneasy alliance with Maria, a local woman who knows the island’s secrets.
• Act 2 (Confrontation): Jack faces moral dilemmas as he evades the mercenaries.
• Act 3 (Climax): Jack and Maria set a trap for the mercenaries in an explosive showdown.

Horror – Outline (Detailed)

Title: “The Haunting of Silver Hollow”

• Prologue: In the 1800s, several mysterious deaths occur in Silver Hollow, all linked to a haunted mansion.
• Opening Scene: In the present day, college students stay in the mansion as part of a haunted house dare.
• Inciting Incident: Sarah finds a journal detailing the deaths that plagued the town.
• Act 1 (Setup): Sarah, a skeptic, begins to suspect the journal holds the key to their survival when one of her friends goes missing.
• Act 2 (Confrontation): The group is hunted by malevolent spirits, and Sarah learns the curse can only be broken by a sacrifice.
• Midpoint: Sarah’s friend Mike is possessed, turning him into an enemy.
• Act 3 (Climax): Sarah confronts the leader of the spirits in the mansion’s attic.
• Resolution: Sarah breaks the curse without sacrificing herself, but the story hints that the curse may not be fully lifted.

Historical Romance – Outline (Detailed)

Title: “A Love Across Oceans”

• Opening Scene: Isabella watches as her fiancé departs for America to start a new life.
• Inciting Incident: Concerned after months without contact, Isabella boards a ship to America and meets Edward, a charming ship’s captain.
• Act 1 (Setup): Isabella learns her fiancé has disappeared, and she begins to grow closer to Edward.
• Act 2 (Confrontation): Isabella and Edward uncover the web of lies surrounding her fiancé’s disappearance.
• Midpoint: Isabella discovers her fiancé was involved in criminal activity.
• Subplot: Edward reveals his own tragic past, which complicates their growing relationship.
• Act 3 (Climax): Isabella must choose between returning to England or staying with Edward.
• Resolution: Isabella chooses love over duty and stays with Edward to begin a new life.

Final Thoughts: How to Write a Story Outline

tory outlines are your creative compass, guiding you from the first spark of an idea to a fully realized narrative.

But remember, they aren’t carved in stone. As your story evolves, so can your outline.

Don’t be afraid to adapt it, add layers, or even break the rules if it benefits your story.

The key is to start outlining, then let the process lead you to even greater ideas. Now that you’ve got the tools, there’s nothing stopping you—go outline that masterpiece waiting to be written.

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• How To Write A Fantasy Romance Novel [21 Tips + Examples)
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• Music Production
• How to Write a Melody for a Song: How to Write a Melody for Any Lyric

Creating a melody is one of the most exciting and rewarding aspects of songwriting. A well-crafted melody can evoke emotion, leave a lasting impression, and elevate your song to new heights.

Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned songwriter, understanding how to write a melody that complements your lyrics is a crucial skill.

This guide will break down the process of melody writing, explore what makes a melody good or bad, and provide tips and techniques to help you create melodies that stand out.

What is a Melody?

At its core, a melody is a sequence of musical notes that are arranged in a particular rhythm. It is the part of a song that you can sing or hum; the musical phrase that typically sticks with listeners long after the song ends. In most cases, the melody is paired with lyrics, but instrumental melodies, such as guitar riffs or piano themes, can also be central to a song.

Melodies are often referred to as the “ hook ” of a song, the element that draws listeners in and makes a song memorable.

A melody is built around pitch (the highness or lowness of the notes), rhythm (the timing and duration of the notes), and contour (the shape of the melody as it moves up or down). Together, these elements create the melodic line that forms the backbone of the song.

A great melody has the power to communicate emotion, tell a story, and engage listeners. It can be simple and repetitive, or complex and intricate…either way, it should serve the song and enhance the overall listening experience.

What Makes a Melody Good or Bad?

Not all melodies are created equal. Some melodies captivate audiences and remain timeless, while others fail to leave an impact. But what distinguishes a good melody from a bad one? Here are some characteristics to consider:

Memorability

A good melody is easy to remember. Whether it’s a catchy pop chorus or a haunting piano motif, memorable melodies stick with listeners. Simplicity often plays a role here, as a straightforward melody is usually easier to recall than a complex one. Repetition can also help a melody become more ingrained in the listener’s mind.

Melodies are powerful because they can evoke emotion. A great melody will make listeners feel something, whether it’s joy, sadness, excitement, or nostalgia. The notes, intervals, and rhythms you choose can all contribute to the emotional tone of your melody.

A strong melody feels cohesive and flows naturally. It has a sense of direction and development, leading listeners through the song. Melodies that jump around too much or feel disjointed can be hard to follow and may confuse the listener.

Complementarity

A good melody fits well with the rest of the song, specifically, it complements the lyrics, harmony, and rhythm. The melody should enhance the mood of the lyrics and work harmoniously with the chord progression. Even in instrumental tracks, the melody should feel like it belongs with the underlying music .

Dynamic melodies keep things interesting by incorporating variations in volume, rhythm, and pitch. A melody that remains static throughout an entire song can become monotonous, but adding subtle changes keeps listeners engaged.

Originality

While certain melodic patterns and structures are common in many songs, a great melody has a sense of originality. It might take inspiration from other songs or genres but still offers something fresh and new.

Balance of Repetition and Variation

Repetition helps make melodies memorable, but too much can become tiresome. A good melody strikes a balance between repetition and variation, keeping the listener hooked while providing enough changes to maintain interest.

Harmony Compatibility

A well-written melody will work harmoniously with the chords beneath it. When the melody and harmony fit together seamlessly, it creates a fuller, more pleasing sound.

Tips and Advice on How to Create a Great Melody

Now that we’ve established what makes a melody good, let’s explore some practical tips for writing melodies that are engaging, memorable, and emotionally impactful.

Start with Your Lyrics

When writing a melody for a song with lyrics, it’s essential to understand the mood, meaning, and structure of the lyrics before crafting the melody. Are the lyrics upbeat and positive, or reflective and melancholic? What emotions do you want to convey through the melody? The tone of the lyrics should guide the melody’s emotional direction.

Additionally, pay attention to the natural rhythm and phrasing of the lyrics. Each line of text will have its own cadence, and it’s often helpful to follow this rhythm when creating your melody.

Emphasize important words and syllables by aligning them with strong beats in the music .

Use a Stepwise Motion

One of the most common and effective ways to write a melody is by using stepwise motion, meaning the melody moves up or down by one note at a time (e.g., C to D to E). Stepwise melodies are easy to sing and follow, making them more accessible to listeners. Avoid jumping around too much, especially with large intervals, as this can make the melody sound disjointed.

Incorporate Leap Motion

While stepwise motion creates smoothness, incorporating occasional leaps (larger intervals between notes) can add excitement and interest to your melody. A well-placed leap, especially in the chorus or a climactic moment, can make a melody stand out and feel more dynamic.

However, use leaps sparingly; too many large jumps can make the melody difficult to sing and follow. Finding a balance between stepwise motion and leaps will give your melody structure while keeping it engaging.

Play with Rhythmic Variation

Rhythm is just as important as pitch when writing a melody. A static rhythm can make even the most beautiful melody feel flat. To keep your melody interesting, vary the rhythm by using different note lengths, syncopation, or off-beat accents.

For example, in the verses, you might use longer notes to create a laid-back, introspective feel, while in the chorus, you could introduce shorter, more energetic rhythms to heighten the emotion.

Experiment with different rhythmic patterns to find what best suits your lyrics and the overall mood of the song.

Write in Phrases

Think of your melody as a conversation with your audience. Like spoken language, melodies are made up of phrases. These phrases should have a sense of beginning, development, and resolution.

A common structure is to divide your melody into two or four phrases, with each phrase lasting about the same length of time. You might begin with an introductory phrase that sets the tone, followed by a response phrase that builds on the first.

Finally, resolve the melody with a concluding phrase that brings closure to the musical idea.

Utilize Repetition Wisely

Repetition is a powerful tool in melody writing. It helps reinforce the main themes and makes the melody easier for listeners to remember. However, too much repetition can become boring. The key is to strike a balance by repeating certain motifs, phrases, or intervals while introducing enough variation to keep things fresh.

For example, you might repeat the melody from the first verse in the second verse, but slightly alter the rhythm or add a decorative note to give it a different feel.

Similarly, repeating a catchy chorus with slight modifications can make the song feel familiar yet new.

Experiment with Contour and Shape

The contour, or shape, of your melody refers to the way the notes move up and down throughout the song. A melody with a lot of upward movement can create a sense of excitement or hope, while a downward-moving melody might convey sadness or reflection.

Experiment with different melodic shapes to see what works best for your song. A rising melody in the verse, followed by a descending melody in the chorus, can create a satisfying contrast that keeps the listener engaged.

Find the Right Key

The key in which your song is written can have a big impact on the mood and feeling of the melody. Some keys naturally evoke certain emotions—major keys are often associated with happiness and brightness, while minor keys tend to sound more somber or mysterious.

Experiment with different keys when writing your melody to find one that complements the lyrics and overall tone of the song. Keep in mind that the range of the singer should also be considered, choose a key that allows the vocalist to comfortably hit both the low and high notes in the melody.

Create Contrast Between Sections

To keep the listener’s attention throughout the entire song, it’s important to create contrast between different sections, such as the verse, chorus, and bridge. One way to achieve this is by varying the melody in each section. For example, if your verse melody is low and steady, you could raise the pitch and increase the energy in the chorus.

Similarly, you might introduce a new rhythmic pattern or a melodic leap in the bridge to set it apart from the rest of the song.

Contrast between sections helps to build tension and release, keeping the song dynamic and interesting from start to finish.

Trust Your Instincts and Improvise

Finally, don’t be afraid to trust your instincts when writing a melody. While it’s helpful to follow guidelines and use proven techniques, some of the best melodies come from spontaneous inspiration.

Pick up an instrument or hum along to the lyrics and see where your creativity takes you.

Improvising melodies can help you tap into ideas that you might not have discovered through structured writing. Record yourself as you experiment with different melodic ideas, then listen back to see what stands out. Sometimes, the most magical melodies come from moments of improvisation.

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How to Write a Research Proposal Paper

Table of Contents

What is a research proposal paper, why write a research proposal paper.

• How to Plan a Research Proposal Paper

Components of a Research Proposal Paper

Research proposal examples, help & additional resources, this resource page will help you:.

• Learn what a research proposal paper is.  
• Understand the importance of writing a research proposal paper. 
• Understand the steps in the planning stages of a research proposal paper.  
• Identify the components of a research proposal paper.  

A research proposal paper:   

• includes sufficient information about a research study that you propose to conduct for your thesis (e.g., in an MT, MA, or Ph.D. program) or that you imagine conducting (e.g., in an MEd program). It should help your readers understand the scope, validity, and significance of your proposed study.  
• may be a stand-alone paper or one part of a larger research project, depending on the nature of your assignment. 
• typically follows the citation format of your field, which at OISE is APA .    

Your instructor will provide you with assignment details that can help you determine how much information to include in your research proposal, so you should carefully check your course outline and assignment instructions.  

Writing a research proposal allows you to  

• develop skills in designing a comprehensive research study; 

learn how to identify a research problem that can contribute to advancing knowledge in your field of interest; 

further develop skills in finding foundational and relevant literature related to your topic; 

critically review, examine, and consider the use of different methods for gathering and analyzing data related to the research problem;  

see yourself as an active participant in conducting research in your field of study. 

Writing a research proposal paper can help clarify questions you may have before designing your research study. It is helpful to get feedback on your research proposal and edit your work to be able to see what you may need to change in your proposal. The more diverse opinions you receive on your proposal, the better prepared you will be to design a comprehensive research study. 

How to Plan your Research Proposal

Before starting your research proposal, you should clarify your ideas and make a plan. Ask yourself these questions and take notes:  

What do I want to study? 

Why is the topic important? Why is it important to me? 

How is the topic significant within the subject areas covered in my class? 

What problems will it help solve? 

How does it build on research already conducted on the topic? 

What exactly should I plan to do to conduct a study on the topic? 

It may be helpful to write down your answers to these questions and use them to tell a story about your chosen topic to your classmates or instructor. As you tell your story, write down comments or questions from your listeners. This will help you refine your proposal and research questions. 

This is an example of how to start planning and thinking about your research proposal assignment. You will find a student’s notes and ideas about their research proposal topic - "Perspectives on Textual Production, Student Collaboration, and Social Networking Sites”. This example is hyperlinked in the following Resource Page: 

A research proposal paper typically includes: 

• an introduction  
• a theoretical framework 
• a literature review 
• the methodology  
• the implications of the proposed study and conclusion 
• references 

Start your introduction by giving the reader an overview of your study. Include:  

• the research context (in what educational settings do you plan to conduct this study?) 
• the research problem, purpose (What do you want to achieve by conducting this study?) 
• a brief overview of the literature on your topic and the gap your study hopes to fill 
•  research questions and sub-questions 
• a brief mention of your research method (How do you plan to collect and analyze your data?) 
• your personal interest in the topic. 

 Conclude your introduction by giving your reader a roadmap of your proposal. 

 To learn more about paper introductions, check How to write Introductions .  

A theoretical framework refers to the theories that you will use to interpret both your own data and the literature that has come before. Think about theories as lenses that help you look at your data from different perspectives, beyond just your own personal perspective. Think about the theories that you have come across in your courses or readings that could apply to your research topic. When writing the theoretical framework, include 

• A description of where the theories come from (original thinkers), their key components, and how they have developed over time. 
• How you plan to use the theories in your study / how they apply to your topic. 

The literature review section should help you identify topics or issues that will help contextualize what the research has/hasn’t found and discussed on the topic so far and convince your reader that your proposed study is important. This is where you can go into more detail on the gap that your study hopes to fill. Ultimately, a good literature review helps your reader learn more about the topic that you have chosen to study and what still needs to be researched 

To learn more about literature reviews check What is a Literature Review . 

The methods section should briefly explain how you plan to conduct your study and why you have chosen a particular method. You may also include  

• your overall study design (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods) and the proposed stages 
• your proposed research instruments (e.g. surveys, interviews)  
• your proposed participant recruitment channels / document selection criteria 
• a description of your proposed study participants (age, gender, etc.). 
• how you plan to analyze the data.  

You should cite relevant literature on research methods to support your choices. 

The conclusion section should include a short summary about the implications and significance of your proposed study by explaining how the possible findings may change the ways educators and/or stakeholders address the issues identified in your introduction. 

Depending on the assignment instructions, the conclusion can also highlight next steps and a timeline for the research process. 

To learn more about paper conclusions, check How to write Conclusions . 

List all references you used and format them according to APA style. Make sure that everything in your reference list is cited in the paper, and every citation in your paper is in your reference list.  

To learn more about writing citations and references, check Citations & APA . 

These are detailed guidelines on how to prepare a quantitative research proposal. Adapted from the course APD2293 “Interpretation of Educational Research”. These guidelines are hyperlinked in the following Resource Page:  

Related Resource Pages on ASH

• What is a Literature Review?
• How to Prepare a Literature Review
• How to Understand & Plan Assignments
• Citations and APA Style
• How to Integrate Others' Research into your Writing
• How to Write Introductions
• How to Write Conclusions

Additional Resources

• Writing a research proposal– University of Southern California   
• Owl Purdue-Graduate-Specific Genres-Purdue University  
• 10 Tips for Writing a research proposal – McGill University  

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How to Write a Movie Review: Tips for Aspiring Critics

Updated 02 Sep 2024

If you wish to know how to write a movie review, then you are on the right page. A movie review forms part of essays college students writes. While many cinema-loving students find it interesting, others don’t. A film review does not mean writing what happened in a film; instead, it involves doing a critical assessment of the same as an art form that reflects cultural and societal values. Also, you can proof your paper instantly with the Edubirdie plagiarism tool .

What is a movie review? A movie review is a detailed analysis of a film or a documentary. It involves analysis, research, and reporting the writer’s views in a structured way. The writer assumes a position of educating readers whether they have watched the film or not. In fact, many people read movie reviews to decide whether they want to see a film or not.

Film criticism, as a historical and evolving practice, shapes the discourse around cinema. Notable critics and the transition of film reviews from traditional media to various platforms highlight the importance of analysis and personal insights in creating effective movie reviews.

A film review tests students’ critical thinking and reporting skills. It also examines their dexterity in writing in a logical, concise, lucid, and creative manner. This post shall teach you to craft the best film review in your class without being redundant in writing , and you can find many interesting tips on how to write a movie review for college and movie reviews examples. Writing a movie review requires critical analysis and attention to detail, and if you need assistance, a literature review writing service can help you craft a comprehensive and insightful review.

How to Write a Movie Review Like a Professional Critic

Watch the movie:.

Before you can review any film, you must watch it. You cannot review a motion picture you have not watched. Therefore, for success watch the film at least twice. Note: do not watch it like you’re a regular moviegoer or movie enthusiast. Be focused and conscious through the film. Take notes if necessary.

You will need to take notes hence have a notebook and pen handy. Record all events and characters (major and minor). Try to be meticulous do not overlook anything.

Research the movie

Watching the film should give you the overview and feel of the movie. With that, it should be easy and exciting to research the movie. The research augments what you have watched in the movie. In your research, you should find out who the filmmaker is, what prompted the making of the movie, the characterization, historical events the lead to the film, location, plot and so on.

If you are aware of the details behind the movie, the movie will be more understandable and engaging. Note also that if you do not understand the movie you cannot move to the next step which involves analysis. Try not to proceed to the next step unless you vividly understand the movie. If it entails watching it again until you fully get it, do it. The following should form part of your findings regarding the film:

• Title and year
• Names of the lead actors
• Name of the director
• Title of the book (if based on a book)

Draft the review outline

Draft an outline with which you will write the review. The overview will help you organize your review concisely and logically. The outline is more like the skeletal frame on which the whole study will stand. A good draft will yield a perfect report, and the reverse is also true.

An outline enhances the quality of the film review, and it is essential you have your outline before you start writing. A sample outline looks like this:

1. Introduction

• Date released
• Background info

2. Summary of the story

Main characters and their significance in the plot

3. Analysis of the plot elements

4. creative elements, 5. opinions (add examples to back up your claims).

• Camera techniques
• Special effects and so on

6. Conclusion

Analyze the movie.

After fully understanding the movie, you can start its analysis. Critically evaluate the film from the beginning to the end, noting every detail. While analyzing, if you observed any confusing part, re-watch to grasp the idea portrayed there fully. After you fully understand it, then you are set to write the movie review. To write a decent analysis, you need to know how to write a film critique. Observing different camera angles can enhance the viewer's understanding and engagement with the film.

Augment Your Review with Examples

While watching the movie, your observations should be supported with examples, i.e., mention scenes the event took place. If the plot is faulty, mention it but state examples to support that claim. You can also mention poorly developed characters evident in the movie and others. Everything you observed in the film must be noted.

Examples of notables include locations, faulty or beautiful dialogues, quotes that appeal to you, poorly made speeches, bloopers, editing errors and so on. Do take note that it is not enough to make general statements about how awesome or awful the movie is, you must support your claim with evidence in the film. That is why it is called a movie review and not opinion sampling interview about the movie.

Comment on the originality of the movie

Finally mention the uniqueness of the film which you noticed in the one you’ve watched. But even if the movie happens to be a standard feature with conventional approaches, you can still mention this as well. A regular film is still a film.

Write Your Review

With all the fact gathered above, you can now use the outline to write your film review. Make every part easy and enjoyable to read. Importantly, make the introduction engaging and captivating. You should go for a grand opening that will grab the attention of any reader. A good opening keeps the reader on the article.

Let us assume your introduction is watertight and engaging; any sloppy body will lose your reader. Hence, make the body informative and engaging. The review aims to reveal as much information as possible. Therefore, do your best to give all the details in the film to the reader. Engage your analytic mind. Analyzing technical aspects such as cinematography, lighting, and sound quality is crucial for a comprehensive review.

Another essential part of the review is the closing or conclusion. Here you give your view about the movie with evidence revealed in the body. Connect the conclusion with the introduction creatively.

Edit Your Final Draft

After writing your first version of the review, you can re-write the final one after editing. Also, you should check the final draft for spelling errors, grammar mistakes, and so on. Ensure sentences connects logically to each other and watch the format used. Make a final comparison of your work with the requirement by your professor or lecturer.

With the help of free word counter check the number of words required and cut them if more than needed but if not, add relevant information to make them up. Do not add irrelevant details for the sake of space. Ensure your final submitted draft is well edited, polished, plagiarism-free and presented in the recommended format or style.

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Connect with our top writers and receive a movie review sample crafted to your needs.

Tips to Follow While Writing a Movie Review: Personal Opinion

Since a movie review essay requires dedication and time investment, you might want to know the special tips to get you through the assignment seamlessly. Do recall that perfect conclusion of this assignment will add to your grades, hence the need to take it seriously. If you wish to know How to write a movie critique easily, then this section will tell you that.

The useful tips you should consider are as follows:

• Watch the film at least two times
• If you have seen it before, make sure you re-watch it for the assignment.
• Watch the movie not as a moviegoer but with an analytic mindset of a professional reviewer
• Pay attention to details. Remember, your personal opinion is crucial as it provides a subjective interpretation of the film's events.
• Take notes as you watch
• Don’t be in a rush - take your time, but be aware of the deadline
• Do not write out of the contest of your coursework. Tailor your review to the target audience and their expectations.
• Follow the requirements of your professor
• Use an outline to organize your work
• Start working on the body of your film review first and the introduction next
• Write an engaging introduction and a powerful closing.
• Never forget to edit your work.

Read also: How to write an editorial Essay: Useful Tips for Those Who Want To Perfect Their Skill 

Elements of a Professional Movie Review: Plot Summary

One similar thing about these reviews is that they all should contain the same elements regardless of the genre. The elements of a movie review provide the structure on which you will base the analysis. A proper movie review format comprises the following components:

It’s not enough that the movie title appears on the headline, it must appear in the review too. Mention it in the text and feature it in the introductory paragraph; there is no harm in doing that. A movie review evaluates a particular film and helps readers decide whether to watch it.

The Storyline (Plot)

The motion picture review itself refers to the summary of the movie. Present it in a concise way for people who are yet to watch it. When you are beginning to write a movie review, never have the mindset that your professor or any would-be reader has watched the movie. Therefore, never leave important points or events out. Your job is to elucidate the movie clearly to the reader: mention the faults observed, and the filmmaker’s brilliant points or downers. Including a plot summary provides a brief overview of the film's plot, which is essential for a comprehensive review.

What is a movie analysis without the filmmaker? Your review must feature him or her. Therefore, dedicate a paragraph to him, write about the kind of personality he or she is. Reveal the filmmaker’s political stance (if relevant), background, the controversial life of the person (if he is one), etc. You can also use the opportunity to talk about other movies the director has worked on before now, and then connect it with the one under review.

Significance to your class

Relate the content of the film or documentary to your course topic. Check its importance for historical accuracy. If the film is for history class, discuss any over-dramatization noticed in the act. However, if the film was based on a book you have reviewed in one of your classes, mention the connection between the book and the movie: state variances, comparisons and other elements present in the book that are missing in the film.

Creative elements

Creative elements make or mar films, that is why filmmakers go out of their ways to add them to their movies. It is your job to state how these elements work in the plot and the film in general. For instance, comment on the effectiveness of the sound effect in enriching the viewing experience of the movie? Talk about the lighting, costume, makeup, colors, camera, etc.

The cast carry the movie; without them, there is no movie. Your review should reveal if they acted well or poorly. State if their acting was realistic or not. Do not fail to mention if they have the skills and charisma to portray the role they played. You can also state if they were the right actors to play the role they did. Furthermore, you can suggest actors who could have played certain roles better than those in the film.

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Common Movie Review Mistakes You Should Avoid

After your arduous work of submitting your film report, you might be shocked to learn that your hard work received a query. You may wish to know why, well it could be because you commit any of the following common mistakes:

• Focusing on the wrong thing: Do not shift your focus. You might want to connect the film with some historical events, however, do not give unnecessary analysis or details that are not relevant to the movie under review. For instance, avoid giving the history of motion picture unless the film is about the development of the industry. Try and be focused.
• Alienating yourself from the review: You are the one writing the review, therefore, do not insert yourself in it. The review already has your name and signature on it so adding the possessive pronoun “I” should be discarded. The mistake most student make is writing in the first person, e.g., “I like the movie a lot, I admired the lead character,” and so on. Since the review exposes your understanding, opinions, likes, and dislikes, then it is unnecessary to insert yourself in it.
• Not doing your research: As said earlier, watching the movie is one side of the coin, you need to check out other details. Researching the film is highly critical because it would expound to you all the nitty-gritty details, not in the motion picture.
• Lack of evidence: In writing about a motion picture, you must substantiate any opinion or claim. You need to state your reason for liking, disliking, etc. of the film.
• Avoid irrelevant discussion: Do not start explaining issues not related directly with the motion picture you are analyzing.
• Unstructured review: Never write a movie review without structure, it would reveal you as an unorganized student. Hence structure your review properly by first creating the outline and organize your work. A good movie review should include a structured summary, critical analysis, and a persuasive tone to guide readers in their decision to watch the film or not.
• Avoid Generalization and be Precise: Never generalize ideas when you write a movie review. Avoid general statements like “a fantastic movie,” “beautiful set,” “excellent acting,” and such like. Support any comment you make with evidence from the film.
• Review lacking substance and analysis: Avoid writing a motion picture review that does not have substance or analysis. A review is a piece of educational literature, therefore, add intelligent analysis to it.

Movie Review Example from Top Writers

Here are a few examples of movie review topics to steer you in the right direction:

• Avatar Movie Review
• Beautiful Woman Movie Review
• Black Panther and its Global Significance
• In Pursuit of Happiness: Lessons to Learn
• iRobot: The Depiction of AI in the Future
• Matrix Movie Review
• Roots and Its Implication on the Life of the Black Men
• The Good, the Bad, the Ugly Movie Review
• The Last Holiday Movie Review and the Lesson of Living Life Too Cautiously
• Titanic Movie Review

Quick & Reliable Writing Help

As you can see, a movie review essay is an interesting paper to write. Recall that the whole point of a movie review is to inform the reader about the film and the ideas behind it. Also, it reflects your unbiased and objective view about the film. Adopt all our tips, and you shall submit a professional-looking report.

However, if you don't care about movies or still have issues coming to terms with all we have explained above, then contact us for help. At EduBirdie, our movie and book review writing service  are poised to help with your assignment and guarantee a high-quality review at an affordable price. With us, you shall learn how to do a movie review that will wow any professor.

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Written by Elizabeth Miller

Seasoned academic writer, nurturing students' writing skills. Expert in citation and plagiarism. Contributing to EduBirdie since 2019. Aspiring author and dedicated volunteer. You will never have to worry about plagiarism as I write essays 100% from scratch. Vast experience in English, History, Ethics, and more.

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Erin Wright Writing

Writing-Related Software Tutorials

How to Dictate Speech to Text in Microsoft Word (PC, Mac & Web)

By Erin Wright

Today, we are going to dictate speech to text in Microsoft Word. Here are some important notes before we get started:

• You must be connected to the internet.
• You must be signed into your Microsoft 365 account.
• You must have an internal microphone in your computer or an external microphone connected to your laptop.
• Word’s speech-to-text dictation isn’t available for every language.
• Word’s speech-to-text dictation results aren’t always perfect, so allow yourself time for editing.

Watch all the steps shown here in real time!

Explore more than 300 writing-related software tutorials on my YouTube channel .

The images below are from Word for Microsoft 365. These steps also apply to Word for Microsoft 365 for Mac (a.k.a., Word for Mac) and Word for the web. These steps don’t apply to Word for mobile or older desktop versions of Word.

How to Dictate Speech to Text

• Place your cursor in the document where you want the dictated text to appear.
• Select the Home tab.
• Select the Dictate button in the Voice group.

The dictation menu will appear, and the Dictate button will turn blue, which indicates that the software is listening for your voice. You can start speaking immediately or adjust the settings, as shown below.

• Select the Settings button.

• Customize the options in the Dictation Settings dialog box.
• Select your language in the Spoken language
• Select an option from the Microphone
• Turn on Enable auto-punctuation if you don’t want to speak punctuation commands.
• Turn on Filter sensitive phrases to prevent potentially inappropriate words from being dictated.
• Select the Save button.

• Select the Dictate button (see figure 2).
• Start talking when the button turns blue and starts to pulse.

Dictation Voice Commands

While dictating speech to text, you can use voice commands to control the dictation, format the text, and add punctuation . Here is a short list of some common commands:

• Pause dictation
• Stop dictation
• Exit/Close dictation
• Period, Full stop
• Question mark
• Exclamation mark/point
• Open quotes
• Close quotes

Visit the Microsoft Support website for a full list of voice commands.

• Select the Closing X or say “Close dictation” when you are finished.

Related Resources

How to Insert Audio Files in Microsoft Word

How to Insert Audio Files in Word for Mac

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If you’re looking to write a book that could sell well and make money , you might want to consider channeling your experience, career skills, and acquired know-how into a self-help book. Self-help is currently one of the top-selling and fastest-growing categories of nonfiction in the U.S., with annual sales topping 18.6 million units in 2021. Writing a self-help book is also an excellent way to put something positive out into the world; these books can be powerful tools for healing and growth, and their low cost makes them accessible to many people. But what might you write about? What could your potential self-help book genre be?

While you don’t have to be an expert in your field to write a self-help book, it helps to have some authority in the subject matter; this establishes credibility with your audience. A degree is not required, but degrees certainly lend weight to your words. However, the subject matter might be just as well served by the equivalent in life experience, such as a recovering alcoholic writing about addiction. And this might sound obvious, but you’ll want to write about something you’re interested in! Your passion for the material will make for a better book, and it’s perfectly acceptable and often a good idea to educate yourself along the way while writing it. Bearing this in mind, here are a few suggestions to assist you in picking a self-help book genre.

Table of Contents: • 1. Personal development • 2. Mindfulness and inner peace • 3. Health and wellness • 4. Relationships and communication • 5. Career success and leadership • 6. Financial advice • 7. Spirituality and purpose • 8. Creativity and inspiration • 9. Resilience and overcoming adversity • 10. Happiness and life satisfaction • Which self-help genre sparks your imagination? • Self-Help Book FAQs

1. Personal development

Personal development books are what many people think of when they think of self-help. They include personal growth books which are focused on self-awareness and address the underlying causes of obstacles, and self-development books which are more about concrete actions that lead to self-improvement. Subtopics can include increasing your productivity, forming better habits, and learning how to move in the direction of personal success. Some classics of the genre are The 7 Habits Of Highly Effective People, Atomic Habits, and How To Win Friends And Influence People.

2. Mindfulness and inner peace

This self-help book genre overlaps with philosophy, new age, and spirituality. Generally influenced by Eastern philosophies and religions, books on mindfulness are often about applying Zen and Taoist principles to everyday life. Teaching meditation in some fashion, be it formal sitting meditation or breathing and walking practices, is usually a central theme. Often journaling and self-acceptance tools are also part of these books. Some well-known titles in this category are The Power of Now, The Art of Living, and The Gifts of Imperfection.

3. Health and wellness

Physical and mental health are perennially popular topics as the desire for this kind of self-improvement never fluctuates. From diet books and exercise programs to books that focus on attitude adjustment and therapeutic self-examination, often people will turn to this self-help book genre for its affordability. If you can’t afford a gym membership or a therapist, a self-help book is often the next best option. Famous titles include Good Energy, The Body Keeps The Score, and Becoming Supernatural.

4. Relationships and communication

If there is an unaddressed need in our modern society, it is effective communication. In this age of social media where we have more communication tools than ever before, communication skills themselves seem to be in short supply and are often a lost art. Improving communication will improve your interpersonal relationships and conflict resolution. Along the way, you can acquire more emotional intelligence which will aid in your ability to connect to people. Suffice it to say, this is a solid topic for a self-help book with a dependable audience. A few of the best-selling self-help books in this category are He’s Just Not That Into You, Getting The Love You Want, and Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus.

5. Career success and leadership

Most business gurus and publications agree that the most important quality for career success and leaders in today’s business world is self-awareness. It’s a foundation for empathy, improves your communication skills, and leads to better decision making and time management. For these reasons, self-help books in this category are seen as valuable tools in not just self-development but in improving businesses as a whole. If you’re going to be writing in this self-help book genre, some experience/success in the business world will make your thesis more convincing to a potential audience. Other variations on the topic include tips for networking and more specific focus on aspects of professional development. Examples of this kind of book include The Confidence Code, The Slight Edge, and What Color Is Your Parachute?

6. Financial advice

Most people would love to have more money. If you have credentials in the financial services industry, writing a financial self-help book might be very lucrative. These books can be aimed at those with money and helping them manage it through investing and planning, and also at those without money to help them earn more, work towards financial independence, and learn budgeting skills. Think and Grow Rich, Secrets of the Millionaire Mind, and Rich Dad, Poor Dad are some classic examples of this self-help book genre.

7. Spirituality and purpose

Since ancient times, people have been seeking answers to the great questions of the meaning of life. What is our purpose? Why are we all here? Books helping to answer these questions can provide solace to searching minds and souls in these troubled times. Broader than the mindfulness category above, this topic would include books connected to organized religion and those with a more esoteric and spiritual focus. You don’t need a deep pedigree to write a book in this category, but spiritual community leaders and those in related fields like yoga and psychotherapy would have an advantage. Some of the best-known spirituality self-help books are Man’s Search For Meaning, The Four Agreements, and Be Here Now.

8. Creativity and inspiration

Artists, musicians, and creators of all stripes are always seeking new sources of inspiration. Exploring the creative urge itself can help any artist at any level of their craft to deepen their practice and move to the next level in their work. As a self-help book genre, it’s open for anyone with experience as a creator to assist others with their creative journeys – particularly if one has also been a teacher of some kind. Often books in this area will have tangible exercises and even workbooks which accompany the main book to provide hands-on engagement into untangling one’s creative process. Classic creativity self-help books include The Artist’s Way, Creative Visualization, and Make Your Art No Matter What.

9. Resilience and overcoming adversity

There is a saying in 12 step programs: “life on life’s terms.” This means that no matter our best intentions, the bad parts of life will occur regardless, and it is up to us to process them and incorporate their lessons. Life can be brutal; death, addiction, disease, disability, and despair are all part of the total package. Coping with traumatic events requires the help of professionals, but self-help books are a great adjunct to treatment. If you have experienced loss of this kind, your experience can be of great benefit to others should you choose to write a self-help book in this genre. Well-known examples include On Death and Dying, Resilient, and numerous books on addiction/recovery.

10. Happiness and life satisfaction

Much emphasis is placed on personal happiness in our society, but the psychology behind happiness is often misunderstood. Researchers and psychologists are beginning to prove what mystics and yogis have known for centuries: happiness is an internal condition often independent of external realities. Life satisfaction tends to derive from the pursuit of pleasurable activities and living with purpose, not from experiencing external rewards. This self-help book genre is open to anyone with a story to tell and enough life experiences to be able to distill universal themes. Rising Strong, You Become What You Think, and The Art of Happiness are some titles that exemplify this topic.

Which self-help genre sparks your imagination?

Within the broad umbrella of self-help, there are quite a few niches for an author to explore. Whether you are looking to write something tangible aimed at personal development or something more impalpable in the realm of spirituality or philosophical exploration, there’s probably a self-help book genre that your book will fit into nicely. If you contemplate the wheelhouse of your experience and interests, the category of your book will be obvious to you. Don’t be afraid to stretch a bit and educate yourself while telling your story to your readers; some of the best self-help books come from people who don’t seem to have all the answers but, like the rest of us, are searching and learning as they go along.

And when you’re ready to self-publish your self-help book , BookBaby is here with you every step of the way. From cover design and book editing to distribution and marketing , it’s all right here when you’re ready to get started.

Self-Help Book FAQs

1. What genre is a self-help book? A self-help book belongs to the nonfiction genre. The primary goal of a self-help book is to provide readers with practical steps and insights to achieve their personal or professional goals based on one’s own personal experience. 2. Can I write a self-help book as fiction? Yes, you can write a self-help book as fiction. This approach combines storytelling with practical advice, allowing readers to learn through the experiences of fictional characters. By weaving self-help principles into a compelling narrative, you can engage readers on an emotional level and illustrate concepts in a relatable way. This method can make the advice more memorable and impactful, blending entertainment with personal growth. 3. What’s the difference between a self-help book and a memoir? The main difference between a self-help book and a memoir lies in their purpose and structure:

• Self-Help Book : Focuses on providing readers with advice, strategies, and tools to improve their lives. It is often structured around specific topics or issues, offering step-by-step guidance and actionable insights. Your personal experiences may be included as examples, but the primary aim is to help readers achieve their goals.
• Memoir : Centers on the author’s personal life experiences, offering a reflective and narrative account of significant events and moments. While memoirs can offer inspiration and life lessons, their primary purpose is to share the author’s story rather than to provide direct advice or guidance. Memoirs are more about storytelling and personal reflection, whereas self-help books are more instructional and goal-oriented.

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