essay about page

Sample Essays

The breadth of Georgetown’s core curriculum means that students are required to write for a wide variety of academic disciplines. Below, we provide some student samples that exhibit the key features the most popular genres. When reading through these essays, we recommend paying attention to their 

1. Structure (How many paragraphs are there? Does the author use headers?) 

2. Argument (Is the author pointing out a problem, and/or proposing a solution?) 

3. Content (Does the argument principally rely on facts, theory, or logic?) and 

4. Style (Does the writer use first person? What is the relationship with the audience?)

Philosophy Paper

• Singer on the Moral Status of Animals

Theology Paper

• Problem of God
• Jewish Civilization
• Sacred Space and Time
• Phenolphthalein in Alkaline Solution

History Paper

• World History

Literature Review

Comparative Analysis 

Policy Brief

• Vaccine Manufacturing

White Paper

Critical Analysis

• Ignatius Seminar

• If you are writing in a new discipline, you should always make sure to ask about conventions and expectations for introductions, just as you would for any other aspect of the essay. For example, while it may be acceptable to write a two-paragraph (or longer) introduction for your papers in some courses, instructors in other disciplines, such as those in some Government courses, may expect a shorter introduction that includes a preview of the argument that will follow.  
• In some disciplines (Government, Economics, and others), it’s common to offer an overview in the introduction of what points you will make in your essay. In other disciplines, you will not be expected to provide this overview in your introduction.  
• Avoid writing a very general opening sentence. While it may be true that “Since the dawn of time, people have been telling love stories,” it won’t help you explain what’s interesting about your topic.  
• Avoid writing a “funnel” introduction in which you begin with a very broad statement about a topic and move to a narrow statement about that topic. Broad generalizations about a topic will not add to your readers’ understanding of your specific essay topic.  
• Avoid beginning with a dictionary definition of a term or concept you will be writing about. If the concept is complicated or unfamiliar to your readers, you will need to define it in detail later in your essay. If it’s not complicated, you can assume your readers already know the definition.  
• Avoid offering too much detail in your introduction that a reader could better understand later in the paper.
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How to Write an Essay

Use the links below to jump directly to any section of this guide:

Essay Writing Fundamentals

How to prepare to write an essay, how to edit an essay, how to share and publish your essays, how to get essay writing help, how to find essay writing inspiration, resources for teaching essay writing.

Essays, short prose compositions on a particular theme or topic, are the bread and butter of academic life. You write them in class, for homework, and on standardized tests to show what you know. Unlike other kinds of academic writing (like the research paper) and creative writing (like short stories and poems), essays allow you to develop your original thoughts on a prompt or question. Essays come in many varieties: they can be expository (fleshing out an idea or claim), descriptive, (explaining a person, place, or thing), narrative (relating a personal experience), or persuasive (attempting to win over a reader). This guide is a collection of dozens of links about academic essay writing that we have researched, categorized, and annotated in order to help you improve your essay writing. 

Essays are different from other forms of writing; in turn, there are different kinds of essays. This section contains general resources for getting to know the essay and its variants. These resources introduce and define the essay as a genre, and will teach you what to expect from essay-based assessments.

Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab

One of the most trusted academic writing sites, Purdue OWL provides a concise introduction to the four most common types of academic essays.

"The Essay: History and Definition" (ThoughtCo)

This snappy article from ThoughtCo talks about the origins of the essay and different kinds of essays you might be asked to write. 

"What Is An Essay?" Video Lecture (Coursera)

The University of California at Irvine's free video lecture, available on Coursera, tells  you everything you need to know about the essay.

Wikipedia Article on the "Essay"

Wikipedia's article on the essay is comprehensive, providing both English-language and global perspectives on the essay form. Learn about the essay's history, forms, and styles.

"Understanding College and Academic Writing" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This list of common academic writing assignments (including types of essay prompts) will help you know what to expect from essay-based assessments.

Before you start writing your essay, you need to figure out who you're writing for (audience), what you're writing about (topic/theme), and what you're going to say (argument and thesis). This section contains links to handouts, chapters, videos and more to help you prepare to write an essay.

How to Identify Your Audience

"Audience" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This handout provides questions you can ask yourself to determine the audience for an academic writing assignment. It also suggests strategies for fitting your paper to your intended audience.

"Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content" (Univ. of Minnesota Libraries)

This extensive book chapter from Writing for Success , available online through Minnesota Libraries Publishing, is followed by exercises to try out your new pre-writing skills.

"Determining Audience" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This guide from a community college's writing center shows you how to know your audience, and how to incorporate that knowledge in your thesis statement.

"Know Your Audience" ( Paper Rater Blog)

This short blog post uses examples to show how implied audiences for essays differ. It reminds you to think of your instructor as an observer, who will know only the information you pass along.

How to Choose a Theme or Topic

"Research Tutorial: Developing Your Topic" (YouTube)

Take a look at this short video tutorial from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to understand the basics of developing a writing topic.

"How to Choose a Paper Topic" (WikiHow)

This simple, step-by-step guide (with pictures!) walks you through choosing a paper topic. It starts with a detailed description of brainstorming and ends with strategies to refine your broad topic.

"How to Read an Assignment: Moving From Assignment to Topic" (Harvard College Writing Center)

Did your teacher give you a prompt or other instructions? This guide helps you understand the relationship between an essay assignment and your essay's topic.

"Guidelines for Choosing a Topic" (CliffsNotes)

This study guide from CliffsNotes both discusses how to choose a topic and makes a useful distinction between "topic" and "thesis."

How to Come Up with an Argument

"Argument" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

Not sure what "argument" means in the context of academic writing? This page from the University of North Carolina is a good place to start.

"The Essay Guide: Finding an Argument" (Study Hub)

This handout explains why it's important to have an argument when beginning your essay, and provides tools to help you choose a viable argument.

"Writing a Thesis and Making an Argument" (University of Iowa)

This page from the University of Iowa's Writing Center contains exercises through which you can develop and refine your argument and thesis statement.

"Developing a Thesis" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This page from Harvard's Writing Center collates some helpful dos and don'ts of argumentative writing, from steps in constructing a thesis to avoiding vague and confrontational thesis statements.

"Suggestions for Developing Argumentative Essays" (Berkeley Student Learning Center)

This page offers concrete suggestions for each stage of the essay writing process, from topic selection to drafting and editing. 

How to Outline your Essay

"Outlines" (Univ. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill via YouTube)

This short video tutorial from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill shows how to group your ideas into paragraphs or sections to begin the outlining process.

"Essay Outline" (Univ. of Washington Tacoma)

This two-page handout by a university professor simply defines the parts of an essay and then organizes them into an example outline.

"Types of Outlines and Samples" (Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab)

Purdue OWL gives examples of diverse outline strategies on this page, including the alphanumeric, full sentence, and decimal styles. 

"Outlining" (Harvard College Writing Center)

Once you have an argument, according to this handout, there are only three steps in the outline process: generalizing, ordering, and putting it all together. Then you're ready to write!

"Writing Essays" (Plymouth Univ.)

This packet, part of Plymouth University's Learning Development series, contains descriptions and diagrams relating to the outlining process.

"How to Write A Good Argumentative Essay: Logical Structure" (Criticalthinkingtutorials.com via YouTube)

This longer video tutorial gives an overview of how to structure your essay in order to support your argument or thesis. It is part of a longer course on academic writing hosted on Udemy.

Now that you've chosen and refined your topic and created an outline, use these resources to complete the writing process. Most essays contain introductions (which articulate your thesis statement), body paragraphs, and conclusions. Transitions facilitate the flow from one paragraph to the next so that support for your thesis builds throughout the essay. Sources and citations show where you got the evidence to support your thesis, which ensures that you avoid plagiarism. 

How to Write an Introduction

"Introductions" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page identifies the role of the introduction in any successful paper, suggests strategies for writing introductions, and warns against less effective introductions.

"How to Write A Good Introduction" (Michigan State Writing Center)

Beginning with the most common missteps in writing introductions, this guide condenses the essentials of introduction composition into seven points.

"The Introductory Paragraph" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post from academic advisor and college enrollment counselor Grace Fleming focuses on ways to grab your reader's attention at the beginning of your essay.

"Introductions and Conclusions" (Univ. of Toronto)

This guide from the University of Toronto gives advice that applies to writing both introductions and conclusions, including dos and don'ts.

"How to Write Better Essays: No One Does Introductions Properly" ( The Guardian )

This news article interviews UK professors on student essay writing; they point to introductions as the area that needs the most improvement.

How to Write a Thesis Statement

"Writing an Effective Thesis Statement" (YouTube)

This short, simple video tutorial from a college composition instructor at Tulsa Community College explains what a thesis statement is and what it does. 

"Thesis Statement: Four Steps to a Great Essay" (YouTube)

This fantastic tutorial walks you through drafting a thesis, using an essay prompt on Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter as an example.

"How to Write a Thesis Statement" (WikiHow)

This step-by-step guide (with pictures!) walks you through coming up with, writing, and editing a thesis statement. It invites you think of your statement as a "working thesis" that can change.

"How to Write a Thesis Statement" (Univ. of Indiana Bloomington)

Ask yourself the questions on this page, part of Indiana Bloomington's Writing Tutorial Services, when you're writing and refining your thesis statement.

"Writing Tips: Thesis Statements" (Univ. of Illinois Center for Writing Studies)

This page gives plentiful examples of good to great thesis statements, and offers questions to ask yourself when formulating a thesis statement.

How to Write Body Paragraphs

"Body Paragraph" (Brightstorm)

This module of a free online course introduces you to the components of a body paragraph. These include the topic sentence, information, evidence, and analysis.

"Strong Body Paragraphs" (Washington Univ.)

This handout from Washington's Writing and Research Center offers in-depth descriptions of the parts of a successful body paragraph.

"Guide to Paragraph Structure" (Deakin Univ.)

This handout is notable for color-coding example body paragraphs to help you identify the functions various sentences perform.

"Writing Body Paragraphs" (Univ. of Minnesota Libraries)

The exercises in this section of Writing for Success  will help you practice writing good body paragraphs. It includes guidance on selecting primary support for your thesis.

"The Writing Process—Body Paragraphs" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

The information and exercises on this page will familiarize you with outlining and writing body paragraphs, and includes links to more information on topic sentences and transitions.

"The Five-Paragraph Essay" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post discusses body paragraphs in the context of one of the most common academic essay types in secondary schools.

How to Use Transitions

"Transitions" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill explains what a transition is, and how to know if you need to improve your transitions.

"Using Transitions Effectively" (Washington Univ.)

This handout defines transitions, offers tips for using them, and contains a useful list of common transitional words and phrases grouped by function.

"Transitions" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

This page compares paragraphs without transitions to paragraphs with transitions, and in doing so shows how important these connective words and phrases are.

"Transitions in Academic Essays" (Scribbr)

This page lists four techniques that will help you make sure your reader follows your train of thought, including grouping similar information and using transition words.

"Transitions" (El Paso Community College)

This handout shows example transitions within paragraphs for context, and explains how transitions improve your essay's flow and voice.

"Make Your Paragraphs Flow to Improve Writing" (ThoughtCo)

This blog post, another from academic advisor and college enrollment counselor Grace Fleming, talks about transitions and other strategies to improve your essay's overall flow.

"Transition Words" (smartwords.org)

This handy word bank will help you find transition words when you're feeling stuck. It's grouped by the transition's function, whether that is to show agreement, opposition, condition, or consequence.

How to Write a Conclusion

"Parts of An Essay: Conclusions" (Brightstorm)

This module of a free online course explains how to conclude an academic essay. It suggests thinking about the "3Rs": return to hook, restate your thesis, and relate to the reader.

"Essay Conclusions" (Univ. of Maryland University College)

This overview of the academic essay conclusion contains helpful examples and links to further resources for writing good conclusions.

"How to End An Essay" (WikiHow)

This step-by-step guide (with pictures!) by an English Ph.D. walks you through writing a conclusion, from brainstorming to ending with a flourish.

"Ending the Essay: Conclusions" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This page collates useful strategies for writing an effective conclusion, and reminds you to "close the discussion without closing it off" to further conversation.

How to Include Sources and Citations

"Research and Citation Resources" (Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab)

Purdue OWL streamlines information about the three most common referencing styles (MLA, Chicago, and APA) and provides examples of how to cite different resources in each system.

EasyBib: Free Bibliography Generator

This online tool allows you to input information about your source and automatically generate citations in any style. Be sure to select your resource type before clicking the "cite it" button.

CitationMachine

Like EasyBib, this online tool allows you to input information about your source and automatically generate citations in any style. 

Modern Language Association Handbook (MLA)

Here, you'll find the definitive and up-to-date record of MLA referencing rules. Order through the link above, or check to see if your library has a copy.

Chicago Manual of Style

Here, you'll find the definitive and up-to-date record of Chicago referencing rules. You can take a look at the table of contents, then choose to subscribe or start a free trial.

How to Avoid Plagiarism

"What is Plagiarism?" (plagiarism.org)

This nonprofit website contains numerous resources for identifying and avoiding plagiarism, and reminds you that even common activities like copying images from another website to your own site may constitute plagiarism.

"Plagiarism" (University of Oxford)

This interactive page from the University of Oxford helps you check for plagiarism in your work, making it clear how to avoid citing another person's work without full acknowledgement.

"Avoiding Plagiarism" (MIT Comparative Media Studies)

This quick guide explains what plagiarism is, what its consequences are, and how to avoid it. It starts by defining three words—quotation, paraphrase, and summary—that all constitute citation.

"Harvard Guide to Using Sources" (Harvard Extension School)

This comprehensive website from Harvard brings together articles, videos, and handouts about referencing, citation, and plagiarism. 

Grammarly contains tons of helpful grammar and writing resources, including a free tool to automatically scan your essay to check for close affinities to published work. 

Noplag is another popular online tool that automatically scans your essay to check for signs of plagiarism. Simply copy and paste your essay into the box and click "start checking."

Once you've written your essay, you'll want to edit (improve content), proofread (check for spelling and grammar mistakes), and finalize your work until you're ready to hand it in. This section brings together tips and resources for navigating the editing process. 

"Writing a First Draft" (Academic Help)

This is an introduction to the drafting process from the site Academic Help, with tips for getting your ideas on paper before editing begins.

"Editing and Proofreading" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page provides general strategies for revising your writing. They've intentionally left seven errors in the handout, to give you practice in spotting them.

"How to Proofread Effectively" (ThoughtCo)

This article from ThoughtCo, along with those linked at the bottom, help describe common mistakes to check for when proofreading.

"7 Simple Edits That Make Your Writing 100% More Powerful" (SmartBlogger)

This blog post emphasizes the importance of powerful, concise language, and reminds you that even your personal writing heroes create clunky first drafts.

"Editing Tips for Effective Writing" (Univ. of Pennsylvania)

On this page from Penn's International Relations department, you'll find tips for effective prose, errors to watch out for, and reminders about formatting.

"Editing the Essay" (Harvard College Writing Center)

This article, the first of two parts, gives you applicable strategies for the editing process. It suggests reading your essay aloud, removing any jargon, and being unafraid to remove even "dazzling" sentences that don't belong.

"Guide to Editing and Proofreading" (Oxford Learning Institute)

This handout from Oxford covers the basics of editing and proofreading, and reminds you that neither task should be rushed. 

In addition to plagiarism-checkers, Grammarly has a plug-in for your web browser that checks your writing for common mistakes.

After you've prepared, written, and edited your essay, you might want to share it outside the classroom. This section alerts you to print and web opportunities to share your essays with the wider world, from online writing communities and blogs to published journals geared toward young writers.

Sharing Your Essays Online

Go Teen Writers

Go Teen Writers is an online community for writers aged 13 - 19. It was founded by Stephanie Morrill, an author of contemporary young adult novels. 

Tumblr is a blogging website where you can share your writing and interact with other writers online. It's easy to add photos, links, audio, and video components.

Writersky provides an online platform for publishing and reading other youth writers' work. Its current content is mostly devoted to fiction.

Publishing Your Essays Online

This teen literary journal publishes in print, on the web, and (more frequently), on a blog. It is committed to ensuring that "teens see their authentic experience reflected on its pages."

The Matador Review

This youth writing platform celebrates "alternative," unconventional writing. The link above will take you directly to the site's "submissions" page.

Teen Ink has a website, monthly newsprint magazine, and quarterly poetry magazine promoting the work of young writers.

The largest online reading platform, Wattpad enables you to publish your work and read others' work. Its inline commenting feature allows you to share thoughts as you read along.

Publishing Your Essays in Print

Canvas Teen Literary Journal

This quarterly literary magazine is published for young writers by young writers. They accept many kinds of writing, including essays.

The Claremont Review

This biannual international magazine, first published in 1992, publishes poetry, essays, and short stories from writers aged 13 - 19.

Skipping Stones

This young writers magazine, founded in 1988, celebrates themes relating to ecological and cultural diversity. It publishes poems, photos, articles, and stories.

The Telling Room

This nonprofit writing center based in Maine publishes children's work on their website and in book form. The link above directs you to the site's submissions page.

Essay Contests

Scholastic Arts and Writing Awards

This prestigious international writing contest for students in grades 7 - 12 has been committed to "supporting the future of creativity since 1923."

Society of Professional Journalists High School Essay Contest

An annual essay contest on the theme of journalism and media, the Society of Professional Journalists High School Essay Contest awards scholarships up to $1,000.

National YoungArts Foundation

Here, you'll find information on a government-sponsored writing competition for writers aged 15 - 18. The foundation welcomes submissions of creative nonfiction, novels, scripts, poetry, short story and spoken word.

Signet Classics Student Scholarship Essay Contest

With prompts on a different literary work each year, this competition from Signet Classics awards college scholarships up to $1,000.

"The Ultimate Guide to High School Essay Contests" (CollegeVine)

See this handy guide from CollegeVine for a list of more competitions you can enter with your academic essay, from the National Council of Teachers of English Achievement Awards to the National High School Essay Contest by the U.S. Institute of Peace.

Whether you're struggling to write academic essays or you think you're a pro, there are workshops and online tools that can help you become an even better writer. Even the most seasoned writers encounter writer's block, so be proactive and look through our curated list of resources to combat this common frustration.

Online Essay-writing Classes and Workshops

"Getting Started with Essay Writing" (Coursera)

Coursera offers lots of free, high-quality online classes taught by college professors. Here's one example, taught by instructors from the University of California Irvine.

"Writing and English" (Brightstorm)

Brightstorm's free video lectures are easy to navigate by topic. This unit on the parts of an essay features content on the essay hook, thesis, supporting evidence, and more.

"How to Write an Essay" (EdX)

EdX is another open online university course website with several two- to five-week courses on the essay. This one is geared toward English language learners.

Writer's Digest University

This renowned writers' website offers online workshops and interactive tutorials. The courses offered cover everything from how to get started through how to get published.

Writing.com

Signing up for this online writer's community gives you access to helpful resources as well as an international community of writers.

How to Overcome Writer's Block

"Symptoms and Cures for Writer's Block" (Purdue OWL)

Purdue OWL offers a list of signs you might have writer's block, along with ways to overcome it. Consider trying out some "invention strategies" or ways to curb writing anxiety.

"Overcoming Writer's Block: Three Tips" ( The Guardian )

These tips, geared toward academic writing specifically, are practical and effective. The authors advocate setting realistic goals, creating dedicated writing time, and participating in social writing.

"Writing Tips: Strategies for Overcoming Writer's Block" (Univ. of Illinois)

This page from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Center for Writing Studies acquaints you with strategies that do and do not work to overcome writer's block.

"Writer's Block" (Univ. of Toronto)

Ask yourself the questions on this page; if the answer is "yes," try out some of the article's strategies. Each question is accompanied by at least two possible solutions.

If you have essays to write but are short on ideas, this section's links to prompts, example student essays, and celebrated essays by professional writers might help. You'll find writing prompts from a variety of sources, student essays to inspire you, and a number of essay writing collections.

Essay Writing Prompts

"50 Argumentative Essay Topics" (ThoughtCo)

Take a look at this list and the others ThoughtCo has curated for different kinds of essays. As the author notes, "a number of these topics are controversial and that's the point."

"401 Prompts for Argumentative Writing" ( New York Times )

This list (and the linked lists to persuasive and narrative writing prompts), besides being impressive in length, is put together by actual high school English teachers.

"SAT Sample Essay Prompts" (College Board)

If you're a student in the U.S., your classroom essay prompts are likely modeled on the prompts in U.S. college entrance exams. Take a look at these official examples from the SAT.

"Popular College Application Essay Topics" (Princeton Review)

This page from the Princeton Review dissects recent Common Application essay topics and discusses strategies for answering them.

Example Student Essays

"501 Writing Prompts" (DePaul Univ.)

This nearly 200-page packet, compiled by the LearningExpress Skill Builder in Focus Writing Team, is stuffed with writing prompts, example essays, and commentary.

"Topics in English" (Kibin)

Kibin is a for-pay essay help website, but its example essays (organized by topic) are available for free. You'll find essays on everything from  A Christmas Carol  to perseverance.

"Student Writing Models" (Thoughtful Learning)

Thoughtful Learning, a website that offers a variety of teaching materials, provides sample student essays on various topics and organizes them by grade level.

"Five-Paragraph Essay" (ThoughtCo)

In this blog post by a former professor of English and rhetoric, ThoughtCo brings together examples of five-paragraph essays and commentary on the form.

The Best Essay Writing Collections

The Best American Essays of the Century by Joyce Carol Oates (Amazon)

This collection of American essays spanning the twentieth century was compiled by award winning author and Princeton professor Joyce Carol Oates.

The Best American Essays 2017 by Leslie Jamison (Amazon)

Leslie Jamison, the celebrated author of essay collection  The Empathy Exams , collects recent, high-profile essays into a single volume.

The Art of the Personal Essay by Phillip Lopate (Amazon)

Documentary writer Phillip Lopate curates this historical overview of the personal essay's development, from the classical era to the present.

The White Album by Joan Didion (Amazon)

This seminal essay collection was authored by one of the most acclaimed personal essayists of all time, American journalist Joan Didion.

Consider the Lobster by David Foster Wallace (Amazon)

Read this famous essay collection by David Foster Wallace, who is known for his experimentation with the essay form. He pushed the boundaries of personal essay, reportage, and political polemic.

"50 Successful Harvard Application Essays" (Staff of the The Harvard Crimson )

If you're looking for examples of exceptional college application essays, this volume from Harvard's daily student newspaper is one of the best collections on the market.

Are you an instructor looking for the best resources for teaching essay writing? This section contains resources for developing in-class activities and student homework assignments. You'll find content from both well-known university writing centers and online writing labs.

Essay Writing Classroom Activities for Students

"In-class Writing Exercises" (Univ. of North Carolina Writing Center)

This page lists exercises related to brainstorming, organizing, drafting, and revising. It also contains suggestions for how to implement the suggested exercises.

"Teaching with Writing" (Univ. of Minnesota Center for Writing)

Instructions and encouragement for using "freewriting," one-minute papers, logbooks, and other write-to-learn activities in the classroom can be found here.

"Writing Worksheets" (Berkeley Student Learning Center)

Berkeley offers this bank of writing worksheets to use in class. They are nested under headings for "Prewriting," "Revision," "Research Papers" and more.

"Using Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism" (DePaul University)

Use these activities and worksheets from DePaul's Teaching Commons when instructing students on proper academic citation practices.

Essay Writing Homework Activities for Students

"Grammar and Punctuation Exercises" (Aims Online Writing Lab)

These five interactive online activities allow students to practice editing and proofreading. They'll hone their skills in correcting comma splices and run-ons, identifying fragments, using correct pronoun agreement, and comma usage.

"Student Interactives" (Read Write Think)

Read Write Think hosts interactive tools, games, and videos for developing writing skills. They can practice organizing and summarizing, writing poetry, and developing lines of inquiry and analysis.

This free website offers writing and grammar activities for all grade levels. The lessons are designed to be used both for large classes and smaller groups.

"Writing Activities and Lessons for Every Grade" (Education World)

Education World's page on writing activities and lessons links you to more free, online resources for learning how to "W.R.I.T.E.": write, revise, inform, think, and edit.

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How to Write an Essay Introduction (with Examples)   

The introduction of an essay plays a critical role in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. It sets the stage for the rest of the essay, establishes the tone and style, and motivates the reader to continue reading. 

Table of Contents

What is an essay introduction , what to include in an essay introduction, how to create an essay structure , step-by-step process for writing an essay introduction , how to write an introduction paragraph , how to write a hook for your essay , how to include background information , how to write a thesis statement .

• Argumentative Essay Introduction Example: 
• Expository Essay Introduction Example 

Literary Analysis Essay Introduction Example

Check and revise – checklist for essay introduction , key takeaways , frequently asked questions .

An introduction is the opening section of an essay, paper, or other written work. It introduces the topic and provides background information, context, and an overview of what the reader can expect from the rest of the work. 1 The key is to be concise and to the point, providing enough information to engage the reader without delving into excessive detail. 

The essay introduction is crucial as it sets the tone for the entire piece and provides the reader with a roadmap of what to expect. Here are key elements to include in your essay introduction: 

• Hook : Start with an attention-grabbing statement or question to engage the reader. This could be a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or a compelling anecdote. 
• Background information : Provide context and background information to help the reader understand the topic. This can include historical information, definitions of key terms, or an overview of the current state of affairs related to your topic. 
• Thesis statement : Clearly state your main argument or position on the topic. Your thesis should be concise and specific, providing a clear direction for your essay. 

Before we get into how to write an essay introduction, we need to know how it is structured. The structure of an essay is crucial for organizing your thoughts and presenting them clearly and logically. It is divided as follows: 2  

• Introduction:  The introduction should grab the reader’s attention with a hook, provide context, and include a thesis statement that presents the main argument or purpose of the essay.  
• Body:  The body should consist of focused paragraphs that support your thesis statement using evidence and analysis. Each paragraph should concentrate on a single central idea or argument and provide evidence, examples, or analysis to back it up.  
• Conclusion:  The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis differently. End with a final statement that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid new information or arguments. 

Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to write an essay introduction: 

• Start with a Hook : Begin your introduction paragraph with an attention-grabbing statement, question, quote, or anecdote related to your topic. The hook should pique the reader’s interest and encourage them to continue reading. 
• Provide Background Information : This helps the reader understand the relevance and importance of the topic. 
• State Your Thesis Statement : The last sentence is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be clear, concise, and directly address the topic of your essay. 
• Preview the Main Points : This gives the reader an idea of what to expect and how you will support your thesis. 
• Keep it Concise and Clear : Avoid going into too much detail or including information not directly relevant to your topic. 
• Revise : Revise your introduction after you’ve written the rest of your essay to ensure it aligns with your final argument. 

Here’s an example of an essay introduction paragraph about the importance of education: 

Education is often viewed as a fundamental human right and a key social and economic development driver. As Nelson Mandela once famously said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” It is the key to unlocking a wide range of opportunities and benefits for individuals, societies, and nations. In today’s constantly evolving world, education has become even more critical. It has expanded beyond traditional classroom learning to include digital and remote learning, making education more accessible and convenient. This essay will delve into the importance of education in empowering individuals to achieve their dreams, improving societies by promoting social justice and equality, and driving economic growth by developing a skilled workforce and promoting innovation. 

This introduction paragraph example includes a hook (the quote by Nelson Mandela), provides some background information on education, and states the thesis statement (the importance of education). 

This is one of the key steps in how to write an essay introduction. Crafting a compelling hook is vital because it sets the tone for your entire essay and determines whether your readers will stay interested. A good hook draws the reader in and sets the stage for the rest of your essay.  

• Avoid Dry Fact : Instead of simply stating a bland fact, try to make it engaging and relevant to your topic. For example, if you’re writing about the benefits of exercise, you could start with a startling statistic like, “Did you know that regular exercise can increase your lifespan by up to seven years?” 
• Avoid Using a Dictionary Definition : While definitions can be informative, they’re not always the most captivating way to start an essay. Instead, try to use a quote, anecdote, or provocative question to pique the reader’s interest. For instance, if you’re writing about freedom, you could begin with a quote from a famous freedom fighter or philosopher. 
• Do Not Just State a Fact That the Reader Already Knows : This ties back to the first point—your hook should surprise or intrigue the reader. For Here’s an introduction paragraph example, if you’re writing about climate change, you could start with a thought-provoking statement like, “Despite overwhelming evidence, many people still refuse to believe in the reality of climate change.” 

Including background information in the introduction section of your essay is important to provide context and establish the relevance of your topic. When writing the background information, you can follow these steps: 

• Start with a General Statement:  Begin with a general statement about the topic and gradually narrow it down to your specific focus. For example, when discussing the impact of social media, you can begin by making a broad statement about social media and its widespread use in today’s society, as follows: “Social media has become an integral part of modern life, with billions of users worldwide.” 
• Define Key Terms : Define any key terms or concepts that may be unfamiliar to your readers but are essential for understanding your argument. 
• Provide Relevant Statistics:  Use statistics or facts to highlight the significance of the issue you’re discussing. For instance, “According to a report by Statista, the number of social media users is expected to reach 4.41 billion by 2025.” 
• Discuss the Evolution:  Mention previous research or studies that have been conducted on the topic, especially those that are relevant to your argument. Mention key milestones or developments that have shaped its current impact. You can also outline some of the major effects of social media. For example, you can briefly describe how social media has evolved, including positives such as increased connectivity and issues like cyberbullying and privacy concerns. 
• Transition to Your Thesis:  Use the background information to lead into your thesis statement, which should clearly state the main argument or purpose of your essay. For example, “Given its pervasive influence, it is crucial to examine the impact of social media on mental health.” 

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, or other type of academic writing. It appears near the end of the introduction. Here’s how to write a thesis statement: 

• Identify the topic:  Start by identifying the topic of your essay. For example, if your essay is about the importance of exercise for overall health, your topic is “exercise.” 
• State your position:  Next, state your position or claim about the topic. This is the main argument or point you want to make. For example, if you believe that regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health, your position could be: “Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health.” 
• Support your position:  Provide a brief overview of the reasons or evidence that support your position. These will be the main points of your essay. For example, if you’re writing an essay about the importance of exercise, you could mention the physical health benefits, mental health benefits, and the role of exercise in disease prevention. 
• Make it specific:  Ensure your thesis statement clearly states what you will discuss in your essay. For example, instead of saying, “Exercise is good for you,” you could say, “Regular exercise, including cardiovascular and strength training, can improve overall health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.” 

Examples of essay introduction 

Here are examples of essay introductions for different types of essays: 

Argumentative Essay Introduction Example:  

Topic: Should the voting age be lowered to 16? 

“The question of whether the voting age should be lowered to 16 has sparked nationwide debate. While some argue that 16-year-olds lack the requisite maturity and knowledge to make informed decisions, others argue that doing so would imbue young people with agency and give them a voice in shaping their future.” 

Expository Essay Introduction Example  

Topic: The benefits of regular exercise 

“In today’s fast-paced world, the importance of regular exercise cannot be overstated. From improving physical health to boosting mental well-being, the benefits of exercise are numerous and far-reaching. This essay will examine the various advantages of regular exercise and provide tips on incorporating it into your daily routine.” 

Text: “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee 

“Harper Lee’s novel, ‘To Kill a Mockingbird,’ is a timeless classic that explores themes of racism, injustice, and morality in the American South. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, the reader is taken on a journey that challenges societal norms and forces characters to confront their prejudices. This essay will analyze the novel’s use of symbolism, character development, and narrative structure to uncover its deeper meaning and relevance to contemporary society.” 

• Engaging and Relevant First Sentence : The opening sentence captures the reader’s attention and relates directly to the topic. 
• Background Information : Enough background information is introduced to provide context for the thesis statement. 
• Definition of Important Terms : Key terms or concepts that might be unfamiliar to the audience or are central to the argument are defined. 
• Clear Thesis Statement : The thesis statement presents the main point or argument of the essay. 
• Relevance to Main Body : Everything in the introduction directly relates to and sets up the discussion in the main body of the essay. 

Writing a strong introduction is crucial for setting the tone and context of your essay. Here are the key takeaways for how to write essay introduction: 3  

• Hook the Reader : Start with an engaging hook to grab the reader’s attention. This could be a compelling question, a surprising fact, a relevant quote, or an anecdote. 
• Provide Background : Give a brief overview of the topic, setting the context and stage for the discussion. 
• Thesis Statement : State your thesis, which is the main argument or point of your essay. It should be concise, clear, and specific. 
• Preview the Structure : Outline the main points or arguments to help the reader understand the organization of your essay. 
• Keep it Concise : Avoid including unnecessary details or information not directly related to your thesis. 
• Revise and Edit : Revise your introduction to ensure clarity, coherence, and relevance. Check for grammar and spelling errors. 
• Seek Feedback : Get feedback from peers or instructors to improve your introduction further. 

The purpose of an essay introduction is to give an overview of the topic, context, and main ideas of the essay. It is meant to engage the reader, establish the tone for the rest of the essay, and introduce the thesis statement or central argument.  

An essay introduction typically ranges from 5-10% of the total word count. For example, in a 1,000-word essay, the introduction would be roughly 50-100 words. However, the length can vary depending on the complexity of the topic and the overall length of the essay.

An essay introduction is critical in engaging the reader and providing contextual information about the topic. To ensure its effectiveness, consider incorporating these key elements: a compelling hook, background information, a clear thesis statement, an outline of the essay’s scope, a smooth transition to the body, and optional signposting sentences.  

The process of writing an essay introduction is not necessarily straightforward, but there are several strategies that can be employed to achieve this end. When experiencing difficulty initiating the process, consider the following techniques: begin with an anecdote, a quotation, an image, a question, or a startling fact to pique the reader’s interest. It may also be helpful to consider the five W’s of journalism: who, what, when, where, why, and how.   For instance, an anecdotal opening could be structured as follows: “As I ascended the stage, momentarily blinded by the intense lights, I could sense the weight of a hundred eyes upon me, anticipating my next move. The topic of discussion was climate change, a subject I was passionate about, and it was my first public speaking event. Little did I know , that pivotal moment would not only alter my perspective but also chart my life’s course.” 

Crafting a compelling thesis statement for your introduction paragraph is crucial to grab your reader’s attention. To achieve this, avoid using overused phrases such as “In this paper, I will write about” or “I will focus on” as they lack originality. Instead, strive to engage your reader by substantiating your stance or proposition with a “so what” clause. While writing your thesis statement, aim to be precise, succinct, and clear in conveying your main argument.  

To create an effective essay introduction, ensure it is clear, engaging, relevant, and contains a concise thesis statement. It should transition smoothly into the essay and be long enough to cover necessary points but not become overwhelming. Seek feedback from peers or instructors to assess its effectiveness. 

References  

• Cui, L. (2022). Unit 6 Essay Introduction.  Building Academic Writing Skills . 
• West, H., Malcolm, G., Keywood, S., & Hill, J. (2019). Writing a successful essay.  Journal of Geography in Higher Education ,  43 (4), 609-617. 
• Beavers, M. E., Thoune, D. L., & McBeth, M. (2023). Bibliographic Essay: Reading, Researching, Teaching, and Writing with Hooks: A Queer Literacy Sponsorship. College English, 85(3), 230-242. 

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1 Page Essay: Examples, Topics, & Word Count

What does a one page essay look like? If you’re a student, you’ve probably asked yourself this question. 1 page essays are usually assigned to check one’s ability to formulate their thoughts. A one page essay word count is 200 to 250 words (12 pt double-spaced). A paper of 1 page usually consists of 2 to 3 paragraphs.

When choosing a topic for a 1 page essay, remember that it is quite a short piece. That’s why your topic shouldn’t be too complicated. You might want to focus on respect, responsibility, bullying, or speeding.

If you’re searching for 1 page essay examples, look at the list below. We’ve gathered a collection of A+ samples for you to get inspired. Knock them dead!

1-page Essay Examples: 10616 Samples

Why indeed did the wtc buildings completely collapse.

• Subjects: Chemistry Sciences

A True Profession

• Subjects: Business Professions

The Tang Dynasty Analysis

• Subjects: Asia History

Mrs. Dutta writes a letter

• Subjects: American Literature Literature

The Impact of Media on Children

• Subjects: Sociological Issues Sociology

My Classroom From Hell: Teacher Experience

• Subjects: Education Teacher Career

Cultural Awareness and Diversity in the Workplace

• Subjects: Business Employees Management

Alibaba.com Dominance in B2B Market in China

• Subjects: Business Case Study

Columbia Industries, Inc. by John Zerio

• Subjects: Business Company Information

Wal-Mart Financial Analysis

• Subjects: Business Marketing

Reluctant Information Sharers

• Subjects: Business Organizational Planning

Adidas’ Management vs. Nike

Success and money correlation.

• Subjects: Economic Systems & Principles Economics

Elements and Characteristics of a Clinical Micro System

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Health IT

Cultural Diversity Issues in Sports

• Subjects: Sports Sports Science

Exit Strategy in Tropical Health Drink

• Subjects: Business Strategy

Europeans and Natives in British and Spanish America

• Subjects: History United States

Waves of Immigration to the United States

“recitatif” by toni morrison literature analysis, “howl” by allen ginsberg literature analysis, mackie’s argument on evil and omnipotence.

• Subjects: Religion Theology

Balanced Scorecard and Performance Prism

Key performance indicators: functional areas.

• Subjects: Business Management Priorities

Pregnant Woman’s Asthma Case

• Subjects: Diagnostics Health & Medicine

Parents Challenges: Raising Bilingual Children

• Subjects: Language Acquisition Linguistics
• Words: 2530

Statistical Significance Versus Clinical Relevance

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Healthcare Research

Cardiovascular Examination With Symptoms of Angina Pectoris

• Subjects: Cardiology Health & Medicine

Alterations in Oxygen Transport

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Pulmonology

Promoting Evidence-Based Practice in the Workplace

Patient with menopause: symptoms and treatment, gestalt psychological theory.

• Subjects: Psychological Principles Psychology

“Quality Circles” Concept in the Organization

Psychoanalytic and adlerian theories comparison, ethics in school leadership.

• Subjects: Ethics Sociology

Depression: Patients With a Difficult Psychological State

• Subjects: Psychological Issues Psychology

Gestalt Theory as a Psychological Perspective

Patients with acute respiratory failure, mentally ill homeless people: stereotypes.

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Psychiatry

Asbestos Removal and Health Threats

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Public Health

Medical Melodramas: House vs Grey’s Anatomy

• Subjects: Entertainment & Media TV

Return on Investment vs. Value on Investment

• Subjects: Economics Investment

Celebrity Cruises Company: Situation Analysis and Marketing

• Subjects: Business Company Analysis

Military Career: Human Resource Certification

• Subjects: Military Politics & Government

Education’s Gamification in Abu Dhabi

• Subjects: Education Education System
• Words: 12752

Netflix’s Price Elasticity of Demand Strategy

• Subjects: Economics Microeconomics

Leadership in Nursing: Statements of Intent

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Nursing

Dante Gabriel Rossetti and Pre-Raphaelites

• Subjects: Art Artists

Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s Personal Life and Poetry

• Subjects: Literature Writers

“The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere” by Cameron

• Subjects: Art Photography

“Forrest Gump” Movie by Robert Zemeckis

• Subjects: Art Film Studies

Alexander Pope, a Poet and Translator

Aubrey beardsley, an illustrator and author, alexander pope and aubrey beardsley’s collaboration, sound design of pale man scene in “pan’s labyrinth”, dramatic character in “blade runner” by ridley scott, gutters in “from hell” comics by moore and campbell.

• Subjects: Art Visual Arts

“The Nightmare Before Christmas” by Tim Burton

The film if not us, who by andres veiel, islamophobia is on the rise in germany.

• Subjects: Religion Religion History

Zara Company and Its Limited Production

Mcdonald’s company: bandwagon technique.

• Subjects: Advertising Entertainment & Media

The Cultural-Individual Dialectic and Social Nature of Intercultural Relationships

• Subjects: Linguistics Spoken Language

Genetic Testing Limitation: Ethical Perspective as a Framework

• Subjects: Genetics Sciences

Heinrich’s Domino Safety Theory

• Subjects: Accidents & Protection Tech & Engineering

Wall Street Journal: The Work of Ford Company

• Subjects: Business Management

Amazon Company’s Acquires of Whole Foods

Lifestyle influence on the planet.

• Subjects: Environment Human Impact

Blue Apron Company: Struggling for Investors

Effective negotiating style for women.

• Subjects: Business Managerial Negotiation

Nonprofit Organizations and Hospital Financing

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Healthcare Financing

The MUSC-2020 Company’s Strategic Plan

Antitrust legislation in the united states.

• Subjects: Business & Corporate Law Law

The Bottle by George Cruikshank: Visual Analysis

“forrest gump” (1994): screenplay structure, “oliver twist” a book by charles dickens.

• Subjects: British Literature Literature

Antitrust Legislation and Competition Laws

Constitutional amendments to expand democracy.

• Subjects: Government Politics & Government

Right Spokesperson’s Role in the Organization

• Subjects: Business Business Communication

Made in America Musical Festival Planning

• Subjects: Entertainment & Media Events

Amazon Company’s Collaborators and Competitors

Patient length of stay in hospitals as an indicator of efficiency for the health system.

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Healthcare Institution

Mental Status Exam in Clinical Practice

The toshiba accounting scandal of 2015, sore throat differential diagnosis, otitis: difficulties and types.

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Other Medical Specialties

Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences

• Subjects: Sciences Statistics

Bath & Body Works Company: Main Strategies

Treating conditions of the eye, self-completion and postal questionnaires for interview.

• Subjects: Sciences Scientific Method

The United States in the Cold War Era and Korea

Radiography stereotypes and emotional intelligence, naming and identity in achebe’s and senghor’s works.

• Subjects: Literature World Literature

Medical Marijuana Legalization Rebuttal

Numerical and quantitative identity in research, presentism ideas in philosophy.

• Subjects: Philosophical Theories Philosophy

Inquiry Training Model and Its Benefits

• Subjects: Education Pedagogical Approaches

Psychoanalysis and the Adlerian Theory Comparison

• Subjects: Major Schools of Thought Psychology

Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation’s Entry Into Japan

Podocnemis lewyana: habitat loss, overfishing and pollution.

• Subjects: Sciences Zoology

9 Scientific Cooking Techniques

“gordon ramsay demonstrates basic cooking skills” analysis.

• Subjects: Family, Life & Experiences Lifestyle

Relations Between Characters in “A View From the Bridge”

• Subjects: Art Theater

A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller

American revolution: perspective of a soldier.

• Subjects: American Revolution Period History

Declaration of Independence – Reason and Significance

Choosing the best sharpener for kitchen, risk assessment plan in health & human services, community preparedness and resilience promotion, white-collar crime theories and their development.

• Subjects: Crime Theories Law

BMW and Volkswagen in Environmental Criminology

• Subjects: Criminology Law

“Islam Through Western Eyes” Video by Lyons

• Subjects: Religion Religion, Culture & Society

“Mother Tongue” Article by Amy Tan

• Subjects: Language Use Linguistics

Evaluation in Strategic School Plan Implementation

Dentist career and professional values.

• Subjects: Health & Medicine Medical Ethics

Barefoot Jogging: “Born to Run Barefoot?” by Chang

• Subjects: Athletes Sports

Crime Theories: Shooting in Northwest Washington

Anomie and strain crime theories, borderline personality disorder and dialectical behavior therapy, self-awareness and personal development theories.

• Subjects: Developmental Theories Psychology

Social Control Theory in Criminology

Essay Papers Writing Online

A comprehensive guide to essay writing.

Essay writing is a crucial skill that students need to master in order to succeed academically. Whether you’re a high school student working on a history paper or a college student tackling a critical analysis essay, having a solid understanding of the essay writing process is essential.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the essential tips and tricks that will help you improve your essay writing skills. From generating ideas and organizing your thoughts to crafting a strong thesis statement and polishing your final draft, we’ve got you covered.

Not only that, but we’ll also provide you with useful templates that you can use as a framework for your essays. These templates will help you structure your writing, stay focused on your main argument, and ensure that your essay flows smoothly from one point to the next.

The Ultimate Essay Writing Guides

Essay writing can be a challenging task for many students, but with the right guidance and tips, you can improve your writing skills and produce high-quality essays. In this ultimate guide, we will provide you with valuable advice, tricks, and templates to help you excel in your essay writing endeavors.

1. Understand the Prompt: Before you start writing your essay, make sure you fully understand the prompt or question. Analyze the requirements and key points that need to be addressed in your essay.

2. Create an Outline: Organize your ideas and thoughts by creating a detailed outline for your essay. This will help you structure your arguments and ensure a logical flow of information.

3. Research Thoroughly: Conduct extensive research on your topic to gather relevant information and evidence to support your arguments. Use credible sources and cite them properly in your essay.

4. Write Clearly and Concisely: Avoid using jargon or complex language in your essay. Write in a clear and concise manner to convey your ideas effectively to the reader.

5. Proofread and Edit: Before submitting your essay, make sure to proofread and edit it carefully. Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and ensure that your essay flows cohesively.

By following these ultimate essay writing guides, you can enhance your writing skills and produce outstanding essays that will impress your instructors and peers. Practice regularly and seek feedback to continuously improve your writing abilities.

Tips for Crafting an A+ Essay

1. Understand the Assignment: Before you start writing, make sure you fully understand the assignment guidelines and requirements. If you have any doubts, clarify them with your instructor.

2. Conduct Thorough Research: Gather relevant sources and information to support your arguments. Make sure to cite your sources properly and use credible sources.

3. Create a Strong Thesis Statement: Your thesis statement should clearly outline the main point of your essay and guide your readers on what to expect.

4. Organize Your Ideas: Create an outline to organize your thoughts and ensure a logical flow of ideas in your essay.

5. Write Clearly and Concisely: Use clear, concise language and avoid unnecessary jargon or complex sentences. Be direct and to the point.

6. Revise and Edit: Always proofread your essay for grammar and spelling errors. Revise your work to ensure coherence and clarity.

7. Seek Feedback: Ask a peer or instructor to review your essay and provide constructive feedback for improvement.

8. Use Proper Formatting: Follow the formatting guidelines provided by your instructor, such as font size, margins, and citation style.

9. Stay Focused: Keep your essay focused on the main topic and avoid going off on tangents. Stick to your thesis statement.

10. Practice, Practice, Practice: The more you practice writing essays, the better you will get at it. Keep practicing and refining your writing skills.

Tricks to Improve Your Writing Skills

Improving your writing skills can be a challenging but rewarding process. Here are some tricks to help you become a better writer:

1. Read widely: Reading a variety of genres and styles can help you develop your own voice and writing style.

2. Practice regularly: The more you write, the better you will become. Set aside time each day to practice writing.

3. Get feedback: Share your writing with others and ask for constructive criticism. Feedback can help you identify areas for improvement.

4. Study grammar and punctuation: Good writing requires a solid understanding of grammar and punctuation rules. Take the time to study and practice these essential skills.

5. Edit and revise: Writing is a process, and editing is an important part of that process. Take the time to edit and revise your work to improve clarity and coherence.

6. Experiment with different writing techniques: Try experimenting with different writing techniques, such as using metaphors, similes, or descriptive language, to enhance your writing.

7. Stay inspired: Find inspiration in the world around you. Whether it’s nature, art, or literature, draw inspiration from your surroundings to fuel your writing.

By following these tricks and practicing regularly, you can improve your writing skills and become a more confident and effective writer.

Step-by-Step Essay Writing Templates

When it comes to writing an essay, having a clear and structured template can be incredibly helpful. Here are some step-by-step essay writing templates that you can use to guide you through the process:

• Introduction: Start your essay with a hook to grab the reader’s attention. Provide some background information on the topic and end with a thesis statement that outlines the main argument of your essay.
• Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a single point that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph, provide evidence to support your point, and then analyze the evidence to show how it relates back to your thesis.
• Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your essay and restate your thesis in a new way. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion and instead focus on tying together all the points you have made throughout the essay.

Expert Advice for Writing Top-Notch Essays

When it comes to writing a top-notch essay, it’s essential to follow expert advice to ensure your work stands out. Here are some key tips to help you elevate your writing:

1. Start with a strong thesis statement that clearly outlines your main argument.

2. Conduct thorough research to support your points with credible sources.

3. Organize your thoughts logically and ensure your essay flows smoothly from one point to the next.

4. Use a variety of sentence structures and vocabulary to keep your writing engaging.

5. Proofread and edit your essay carefully to eliminate errors and refine your arguments.

By following these expert tips, you can take your essay writing skills to the next level and produce work that is both informative and compelling.

Resources to Enhance Your Essay Writing Process

When it comes to improving your essay writing skills, there are a variety of resources available to help you enhance your process. Here are some valuable resources that can aid you in becoming a more effective and efficient writer:

• Writing Guides: There are countless writing guides and books that offer tips, tricks, and strategies for improving your writing skills. Whether you’re looking to enhance your grammar, structure, or argumentation, these guides can provide valuable insights.
• Online Writing Communities: Joining online writing communities can be a great way to connect with other writers, receive feedback on your work, and engage in writing challenges and prompts. Websites like Writing.com and Wattpad are popular platforms for writers to share their work and receive critiques.
• Writing Workshops and Courses: Participating in writing workshops and courses can help you hone your craft and develop your writing skills. Whether you prefer in-person workshops or online courses, there are many options available to suit your needs and schedule.
• Writing Apps and Tools: Utilizing writing apps and tools can streamline your writing process and help you stay organized. Tools like Grammarly can assist with grammar and spelling checks, while apps like Scrivener can help you organize your research and ideas.
• Libraries and Writing Centers: Visiting your local library or university writing center can provide access to valuable resources, such as writing guides, research materials, and writing tutors who can offer personalized feedback and support.

By taking advantage of these resources, you can enhance your essay writing process and become a more skilled and confident writer.

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Respect Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on respect.

Respect is a broad term. Experts interpret it in different ways. Generally speaking, it is a positive feeling or action expressed towards something. Furthermore, it could also refer to something held in high esteem or regard. Showing Respect is a sign of ethical behavior . Unfortunately, in the contemporary era, there has been undermining of the value of Respect. Most noteworthy, there are two essential aspects of Respect. These aspects are self-respect and respect for others.

Self-Respect

Self-Respect refers to loving oneself and behaving with honour and dignity. It reflects Respect for oneself. An individual who has Self-Respect would treat himself with honour. Furthermore, lacking Self-Respect is a matter of disgrace. An individual who does not respect himself, should certainly not expect Respect from others. This is because nobody likes to treat such an individual with Respect.

Self-Respect is the foundation of a healthy relationship . In relationships, it is important to respect your partner. Similarly, it is equally important to Respect yourself. A Self-Respecting person accepts himself with his flaws. This changes the way how others perceive the individual. An individual, who honours himself, would prevent others from disrespecting him. This certainly increases the value of the individual in the eyes of their partner.

Lacking Self-Respect brings negative consequences. An individual who lacks Self-Respect is treated like a doormat by others. Furthermore, such an individual may engage in bad habits . Also, there is a serious lack of self-confidence in such a person. Such a person is likely to suffer verbal or mental abuse. The lifestyle of such an individual also becomes sloppy and untidy.

Self-Respect is a reflection of toughness and confidence. Self-Respect makes a person accept more responsibility. Furthermore, the character of such a person would be strong. Also, such a person always stands for his rights, values, and opinions.

Self-Respect improves the morality of the individual. Such an individual has a good ethical nature. Hence, Self-Respect makes you a better person.

Self-Respect eliminates the need to make comparisons. This means that individuals don’t need to make comparisons with others. Some people certainly compare themselves with others on various attributes. Most noteworthy, they do this to seek validation of others. Gaining Self-Respect ends all that.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Respect of Others

Everyone must Respect fellow human beings. This is an essential requirement of living in a society. We certainly owe a basic level of Respect to others. Furthermore, appropriate Respect must be shown to people who impact our lives. This includes our parents, relatives, teachers, friends, fellow workers, authority figures, etc.

One of the best ways of showing respect to others is listening. Listening to another person’s point of view is an excellent way of Respect. Most noteworthy, we must allow a person to express his views even if we disagree with them.

Another important aspect of respecting others is religious/political views. Religious and cultural beliefs of others should be given a lot of consideration. Respecting other people’s Religions is certainly a sign of showing mature Respect.

Everyone must Respect those who are in authority. Almost everyone deals with people in their lives that hold authority. So, a healthy amount of Respect should be given to such people. People of authority can be of various categories. These are boss, police officer, religious leader, teacher, etc.

In conclusion, Respect is a major aspect of human socialization. It is certainly a precious value that must be preserved. Respectful behaviour is vital for human survival.

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Best About Us Page Design Examples

by Faith Idachaba | Aug 28, 2024 | Web Design

Read Time: 10 min read

Summary: Your About Us page is crucial for building trust and credibility with customers. Every successful About page will include mission and vision statements, company values, your story, services, team info, social proof, and a compelling CTA. Company About page examples from Adobe, Hubspot, and other recognizable brands can jumpstart your web design brainstorm. To write stronger About pages, you'll need to craft a narrative, avoid clutter, focus on your audience, and be creative. For professional content and design services, contact Hurrdat Marketing for expert assistance.

An About Us page is a crucial part of your business’ website and digital strategy, regardless of your company’s size. This section of your website introduces your audience to your company, shows why they should care, and can humanize your brand to build credibility and trust. The following sections will unpack the anatomy of an About Us page, examples for inspiration, and how to write an About Us page for your website.

What Every Company About Page Needs

Writing an About page for your business shouldn’t be formulaic—not every available About Us page template will suit your brand. However, there are certain key elements that should be included for your audience to get to know you better. Here’s what an About Us page should include.

Mission & Vision Statements

Your mission statement is the “why” behind your company—its primary purpose for existing—while a vision statement is focused on your goals for the future. When writing these statements, make them brief so visitors can easily understand your priorities. Include information on why your brand exists and what makes you different from other companies in your industry. This can be accomplished by highlighting the unique challenges your company aims to solve or the unique approach you take to solving them.

Company Values

Including your values on your About Us page is key for building trust with potential customers . Company values are the set of guiding principles behind your business, and they can help customers determine whether your brand aligns with their own needs and values. Your list of company values should state the core ideals your business stands for in clear and simple terms.

Telling the story of your business helps humanize your brand and shows how you got where you are today. When outlining your company’s history, make sure to briefly overview how your business came to be and your goals for the future. Don’t be afraid to also highlight specific challenges your company faced and how you overcame them. For variety, consider displaying this information visually, such as with a timeline showing your business’ origin and growth through the present day.

Listing the specific services you provide shows people what it is you do and helps customers identify why your company is the best fit for them. Because your company’s website will also have a separate, more detailed service page , keep the services overview in the About Us section brief. Additionally, use your services to highlight what makes you stand out from other companies in your industry, such as specific needs you’re meeting in your local community.

It’s important for current and prospective customers to know the names and faces behind the company, as it’s key to humanizing your brand. Include headshots and brief bios of key team members—like company founders and leadership—so your audience can get to know you better. Additionally, you can include group photos of staff members to help communicate core values like professionalism or teamwork.

Social Proof

Social proof helps strengthen the credibility of your claims, establishing trust between you and your audience. For example, you could feature user-generated content like customer reviews or testimonials to show how your business has helped customers in the past. Other forms of social proof include case studies , showing the logos of past clients, or business awards. You can also tie in the concept of corporate social responsibility and show your company values in action by discussing any community improvement projects or sustainability initiatives your business is involved in.

Wrap up the About Us section of your website with a call-to-action, directing customers to the next steps in the buyer’s journey. Some tips for writing an effective CTA include using action words (like “schedule an appointment now”), sparking curiosity, and implementing first-person language.

About Us Page Examples

An effective About Us page can help you build deeper connections and foster brand loyalty with both current and potential customers. Here are ten About Us page examples across multiple industries to give you inspiration on how to structure your own page!

Adobe’s About Us page features a brief mention of the company’s history and the reason they were founded. Though not labeled, their mission statement is clearly stated in the intro. The page also features overviews of Adobe products and services, along with mentions of specific target audiences like students and small businesses. The company has also included customer stories and CTA buttons urging users to explore their products. Adobe could potentially improve their page by reordering some elements, like placing their purpose and values section before customer stories.

Key takeaways from Adobe:

• Easy-to-read layout
• Eye-catching banners and visuals
• Unique CTAs under each section

Centris Federal Credit Union

With a unique section layout, Centris’ About Us page features a dropdown menu with multiple pages rather than a single About page, allowing them to include detailed information related to the company’s history and purpose. This layout is a great way to help customers find the specific info they’re looking for. For instance, the “History” page provides a brief overview of the company’s story and ties in the central problem they were created to solve, while the “Community” page provides stats and other details about Centris’ community involvement. The company has also kept their target audience in mind, emphasizing that members have been the first priority since they were founded. To strengthen their About Us section further, some of the longer sections of text could be condensed or divided into more easily digestible paragraphs.

Key takeaways from Centris:

• Customer-focused approach to telling their story
• Use of data to establish credibility with audience
• Press releases and other forms of social proof

Crumbl Cookies

To tell their story, Crumbl Cookies’ About Us page uses a unique timeline design. It almost resembles a map, inviting users to follow along on their journey. Each section corresponds with a picture, which engages readers while helping humanize the brand. As they tell their company’s history, they highlight what makes Crumbl Cookies stand out from other bakeries, like their weekly rotating menu and signature pink packaging. The website also features customer reviews from Facebook, Google, and Yelp. However, Crumbl Cookies could dedicate a section of the page to their company values to help convey this key aspect of brand identity at a glance.

Key takeaways from Crumbl Cookies:

• Engaging layout that guides users through the page
• Emphasis on what makes them unique
• Strategic photo choices help humanize brand

Echo Fitness

The About Us page for Echo Fitness begins with an overview of why they exist and what makes them different from other health and wellness companies. They briefly explain the meaning behind their name, with accompanying images reflective of the brand’s identity. The page ends with a brief bio and headshot of the company’s founder. This About page would benefit from including CTA buttons to remind their audience to sign up for one of their classes or retreats.

Key takeaways from Echo Fitness:

• Clear explanation of how the company seeks to solve a specific problem
• Explanation of the company’s name solidifies brand identity
• Founder’s bio includes credentials to boost credibility and authenticity

Hubspot’s About Us page starts with a short statement summarizing the intention behind company, its culture, and product. Their incorporation of team photos visually demonstrates that they value teamwork and collaboration, and their brief overview of the company’s history explains the central issue they exist to solve and how they’ve evolved over the years. This page also features statistics, testimonials, reports, and industry awards to build credibility. Hubspot’s About Us page would be stronger if they incorporated more variety into their CTAs.

Key takeaways from Hubspot:

• Concise, customer-focused mission statement
• Good use of relevant photos and graphics to break up text
• Links to related resources like company news

Independent Horizons, LLC

Simple and informative, the About Us page for Independent Horizons, LLC takes a decidedly inviting approach. It starts with a brief description of their mission and vision, as well as their company values. The page also features their leadership team, including headshots with brief bios, as well as a group staff photo. Testimonials are further down the page, and CTAs appear at the end of each section to encourage users to engage with all of the company’s aspects. The About Us page could potentially be improved by expanding on the core idea behind the company’s founding, which is briefly alluded to in the company history section.

Key takeaways from Independent Horizons, LLC:

• Brief, yet effective discussion of mission and values
• Emphasis on individuals to humanize the brand
• Strong, unique CTAs

La La Land Kind Cafe

La La Land Kind Cafe’s About page presents its story and core purpose in a few short paragraphs, and then uses a video embed to go into more detail. The video starts with customers explaining why they love the business, then expands on La La Land Kind Cafe’s history and brand mission before providing other forms of social proof—like numbers of people they’ve impacted. Additional text beneath the video emphasizes the company’s vision by listing their core values. However, the video is almost seven minutes long, which may make it difficult to keep users’ attention. Condensing or breaking it up into separate, more focused video segments could improve overall user experience.

Key takeaways from La La Land Kind Cafe:

• Unique use of social proof through video
• Strong emphasis on the company’s vision and values
• Bright, on-brand visuals and page design

Similar to Crumbl Cookies, ManiLife’s About Us page is highly conversational, which helps to establish their brand identity. It tells their story from beginning to end with a timeline and photos to highlight the their struggles and how the company grew because of them. The last paragraph ends by asking customers to keep spreading the word about the business. That said, this page could be improved with customer reviews and a CTA button urging customers to explore and purchase their products.

Key takeaways from ManiLife:

• Strong narrative outlining the company’s struggles and successes
• Provides photos to humanize the brand and showcase company culture
• Fosters loyalty by thanking customers for the brand’s success

Midlands Family Urgent Care

The About Us page of Midlands Family Urgent Care is crafted with their target audience in mind. Their brief introduction section, along with their services section, make it clear what problems they aim to solve. They provide relevant, user-friendly information on their different locations—and their mission and vision statements, as well as their core values, are short but informative. The page ends with CTA buttons inviting people to find urgent care near them or check in. This page would benefit from customer reviews or testimonials.

Key takeaways from Midlands Family Urgent Care:

• Speaks directly to the needs of the target audience
• Identifies the problem and provides a solution
• Convenient links to service pages

Piboco’s About Us page begins with a brief overview of the company’s mission before sectioning off to highlight the different aspects of their services. The chosen pictures correspond well with the subject matter being discussed, and the page establishes credibility and trust with the target audience by showcasing partner logos near the bottom. This page could be strengthened with the use of additional forms of social proof like testimonials and reviews, as well as short bios of the company’s team members to strengthen their specific connection to Piboco’s mission.

Key takeaways from Piboco:

• Clear descriptions of what the company provides and why
• Playful design reflects the brand’s kid-centered mission
• Company values are woven in throughout the body copy

How to Write a Stronger About Us Page

The content of your business’ About Us page should be unique to your company and relevant to your target audience. Take these steps to create a compelling About Us page.

Craft a Narrative

Providing a narrative gives your audience an opportunity to become invested in the story of your business—which can help foster customer trust and loyalty. This story should include your company’s origins and detail both setbacks and successes throughout the years. Pay special attention to your “aha” moments—the ideas that shaped your company’s trajectory, purpose, and core values.

Avoid Cluttering the About Us Page

Too much content—whether related or not—on your About Us page may impact conversion rates and lose attention. Avoid overloading potential customers by keeping the paragraphs of the About page short, right around four sentences. Aim for less than 20 words per sentence to avoid rambling or run-on sentences, and stick to best practices while selecting how much detail to feature.

Talk About Your Audience

Just because it’s your company’s About Us page doesn’t mean it should be solely about the company. Your About page should reflect your audience so they can see you understand their needs and that your products or services are designed with them in mind. Be specific about how your business seeks to benefit the lives of current and prospective customers.

Be Creative

Don’t be afraid to make your About Us page fun! Personalize it to your target audience, values, and mission. One way this can be accomplished is incorporating visual elements—like recording and posting short videos asking customers why they love your business. You could also include pictures or videos showcasing your most notable products or services, or use a timeline with fun graphics to tell your story. When choosing creative elements, think about your business’ story, brand identity, and target audience, as these factors will inform which elements may work best.

Need to write webpages for your business? Hurrdat Marketing offers content marketing services and web design that can help you craft effective pages for your website. Contact us today for more information !

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Justice Department Sues RealPage for Algorithmic Pricing Scheme that Harms Millions of American Renters

The Justice Department, together with the Attorneys General of North Carolina, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Minnesota, Oregon, Tennessee, and Washington, filed a civil antitrust lawsuit today against RealPage Inc. for its unlawful scheme to decrease competition among landlords in apartment pricing and to monopolize the market for commercial revenue management software that landlords use to price apartments. RealPage’s alleged conduct deprives renters of the benefits of competition on apartment leasing terms and harms millions of Americans. The lawsuit was filed today in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina and alleges that RealPage violated Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act.

The complaint  alleges that RealPage contracts with competing landlords who agree to share with RealPage nonpublic, competitively sensitive information about their apartment rental rates and other lease terms to train and run RealPage’s algorithmic pricing software. This software then generates recommendations, including on apartment rental pricing and other terms, for participating landlords based on their and their rivals’ competitively sensitive information. The complaint further alleges that in a free market, these landlords would otherwise be competing independently to attract renters based on pricing, discounts, concessions, lease terms, and other dimensions of apartment leasing. RealPage also uses this scheme and its substantial data trove to maintain a monopoly in the market for commercial revenue management software. The complaint seeks to end RealPage’s illegal conduct and restore competition for the benefit of renters in states across the country.

“Americans should not have to pay more in rent because a company has found a new way to scheme with landlords to break the law,” said Attorney General Merrick B. Garland. “We allege that RealPage’s pricing algorithm enables landlords to share confidential, competitively sensitive information and align their rents. Using software as the sharing mechanism does not immunize this scheme from Sherman Act liability, and the Justice Department will continue to aggressively enforce the antitrust laws and protect the American people from those who violate them.”

“Today’s complaint against RealPage illustrates our corporate enforcement strategy in action. We identify the most serious wrongdoers, whether individuals or companies, and focus our full energy on holding them accountable,” said Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco. “By feeding sensitive data into a sophisticated algorithm powered by artificial intelligence, RealPage has found a modern way to violate a century-old law through systematic coordination of rental housing prices — undermining competition and fairness for consumers in the process. Training a machine to break the law is still breaking the law. Today’s action makes clear that we will use all our legal tools to ensure accountability for technology-fueled anticompetitive conduct.” 

“RealPage’s egregious, anticompetitive conduct allows landlords to undermine fair pricing and limit housing options while stifling necessary competition,” said Acting Associate Attorney General Benjamin C. Mizer. “The Department remains committed to rooting out illegal schemes and practices aimed at empowering corporate interests at the expense of consumers.” 

“As Americans struggle to afford housing, RealPage is making it easier for landlords to coordinate to increase rents,” said Assistant Attorney General Jonathan Kanter of the Justice Department’s Antitrust Division. “Today, we filed an antitrust suit against RealPage to make housing more affordable for millions of people across the country. Competition – not RealPage – should determine what Americans pay to rent their homes.”

The complaint cites internal documents and sworn testimony from RealPage and commercial landlords that make plain RealPage’s and landlords’ objective to maximize rental pricing and profitability at the expense of renters. For example:

• RealPage acknowledged that its software is aimed at maximizing prices for landlords, referring to its products as “driving every possible opportunity to increase price,” “avoid[ing] the race to the bottom in down markets,” and “a rising tide raises all ships.”
• A RealPage executive observed that its products help landlords avoid competing on the merits, noting that “there is greater good in everybody succeeding versus essentially trying to compete against one another in a way that actually keeps the entire industry down.”
• A RealPage executive explained to a landlord that using competitor data can help identify situations where the landlord “may have a $50 increase instead of a $10 increase for the day.”
• Another landlord commented about RealPage’s product, “I always liked this product because your algorithm uses proprietary data from other subscribers to suggest rents and term. That’s classic price fixing…”

The complaint alleges that RealPage’s agreements and conduct harm the competitive process in local rental markets for multi-family dwellings across the United States. Armed with competing landlords’ data, RealPage also encourages loyalty to the algorithm’s recommendations through, among other measures, “auto accept” functionality and pricing advisors who monitor landlords’ compliance. As a result, RealPage’s software tends to maximize price increases, minimize price decreases, and maximize landlords’ pricing power. RealPage also trained landlords to limit concessions (e.g., free month(s) of rent) and other discounts to renters. The complaint also cites internal documents from RealPage and landlords touting the fact that landlords have responded by reducing renter concessions.

The complaint separately alleges that RealPage has unlawfully maintained its monopoly over commercial revenue management software for multi-family dwellings in the United States, in which RealPage commands approximately 80% market share. Landlords agree to share their competitively sensitive data with RealPage in return for pricing recommendations and decisions that are the result of combining and analyzing competitors’ sensitive data. This creates a self-reinforcing feedback loop that strengthens RealPage’s grip on the market and makes it harder for honest businesses to compete on the merits.

RealPage Inc., is a property management software company headquartered in Richardson, Texas.

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What the papers say – August 28

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The Prime Minister and the announcement of a much-heralded reunion tour from Oasis feature heavily on the front page of Wednesday’s newspapers.

Sir Keir Starmer’s speech warning that the forthcoming Budget will be “painful” and calling on the nation to “accept short-term pain for long-term good” is the main focus of the Daily Mirror , Financial Times and Daily Express .

The Daily Telegraph and Daily Mail report that Sir Keir has sparked panic among landlords and investors with his words on Tuesday with a capital gains tax “raid” appearing likely.

The i , The Times and The Guardian all lead on the Prime Minister’s trip to Germany and France for a “once-in-a-generation opportunity” to mend relations with Europe in a post-Brexit world.

Several papers feature Liam and Noel Gallagher after the Oasis reunion was announced, the Metro leading with the news the brothers have set aside their long-standing feud for the tour in 2025.

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First-Year Requirements

In addition to your UC application, we take both your academic record and your personal experiences into consideration during the review process . At UCLA, we seek students who have excelled academically and gained valuable perspective from the personal experiences that have helped shape their lives.

Read on to find out more.

The Criteria We Consider

When reviewing an application, we implement a holistic review process, which includes looking at some of the following criteria:

• Achievement in high school or college coursework
• Personal qualities
• Likely contributions to the intellectual and cultural vitality of our campus
• Achievement in academic enrichment programs
• Other achievements in any field of intellectual or creative endeavor, including the performing arts, athletics, community service, etc.

Academic Preparation

You must complete 15 A-G courses with at least 11 courses finished prior to the beginning of your last year of high school. To be competitive in the UCLA admission process, applicants should present an academic profile much stronger than any minimum UC admission requirements.  See below for a listing of the A-G requirements:

• 2 years history/social science
• 4 years of college-preparatory English
• 3 years of mathematics (4 years recommended)
• 2 years of laboratory science (3 years recommended)
• 2 years of language other than English (3 years recommended)
• 1 year of visual and performing arts (if available)
• 1 year of college-preparatory elective

Keep in mind that there is no single academic path we expect all students to follow. However, competitive applicants earn high marks in the most rigorous curriculum available to them.   Each application for admission is reviewed within the context of courses available to that student. If a particular required subject is not available, we’ll consider your application without it.

Standardized Testing (SAT/ACT)

UCLA will not consider SAT or ACT scores for admission or scholarship purposes.

If you choose to submit test scores as part of your application, they may be used as an alternative method of fulfilling minimum requirements for eligibility or for course placement after you enroll.

UCLA’s ACT number: 0448 UCLA’s College Board (SAT) number: 4837

Personal Insight Questions

These personal questions are just that — personal. This is your chance to augment the information elsewhere in your application and give us more insight into you during the review process.  Our hope is to hear your true, authentic voice in your responses.   As a first-year applicant, you may respond to four of eight questions. Each response is limited to a maximum of 350 words. Which questions you choose to answer is entirely up to you. You should select questions that are most relevant to your experience and that best reflect your individual circumstances.

Frequently Asked Questions

Because we receive more applicants than we have room to accept, admitted students usually have academic achievements far higher than the minimum requirements. So, to be “competitive” is to be among the strongest achieving students to apply.

We look for students who take advantage of the academic opportunities available to them. If you have advanced courses, we encourage you to take advantage of them. The University of California adds extra weight to grades received in UC-certified honors, AP, IB and transferable college courses.

We do not require or accept letters of recommendation in our process and we do not collect transcripts at the point of application . However, once admitted, students are required to submit official transcripts f rom any high school or college they have attended . Some professional schools may request a letter of recommendation as part of their supplemental application process.

We do not offer admission interviews. Applicants are considered for admission based upon the information they submit in the UC application . However, some majors in our  specialty schools require a supplemental application as part of their admission process. Supplemental applications may involve an audition, portfolio submission and/or letters of recommendation. Find out more from the supplemental applications page.

Supplemental Applications

Of course, a strong academic performance combined with sustained, meaningful involvement in extracurricular activities is the ideal. But if it comes down to a choice between excelling in your coursework or your extracurricular activities, choose your academics.

UCLA will honor full IGETC certification from a first-year student if the requirements were completed before entering UC. Partial IGETC, however, will not be accepted from entering first-years at any UC campus and IGETC is not recommended for applicants to the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

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Trump Can Win on Character

By Rich Lowry

Mr. Lowry is the editor in chief of National Review.

With the defenestration of President Biden and the ascent of Kamala Harris, conventional wisdom has gone from asking, “How can Donald Trump lose?” to “How can he win?”

It’s basically a tossup race, but a successful Harris rollout and convention, coupled with a stumbling Trump performance since Mr. Biden’s exit, have created a sense of irresistible Harris momentum.

As usual when he falters, Mr. Trump is getting a lot of advice from his own side.

For as long as Mr. Trump has been in the ascendancy in the G.O.P., he will go off on some pointless tangent, and Republicans will urge him — perhaps as they hustle down a corridor of the U.S. Capitol — to talk about the economy instead of his controversy du jour.

A close cousin of this perpetual advice is the admonition that Mr. Trump should concentrate more on the issues in this campaign. Neither recommendation is wrong, but they are insufficient to make the case against Kamala Harris.

Presidential races are won and lost on character as much as the issues, and often the issues are proxies for character. Not character in the sense of a candidate’s personal life but the attributes that play into the question of whether someone is suited to the presidency — is he or she qualified, trustworthy and strong, and does he or she care about average Americans?

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• How to write an argumentative essay | Examples & tips

How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips

Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.

An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.

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Table of contents

When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.

You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.

The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.

Argumentative writing at college level

At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.

In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.

Examples of argumentative essay prompts

At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.

Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.

• Don’t just list all the effects you can think of.
• Do develop a focused argument about the overall effect and why it matters, backed up by evidence from sources.
• Don’t just provide a selection of data on the measures’ effectiveness.
• Do build up your own argument about which kinds of measures have been most or least effective, and why.
• Don’t just analyze a random selection of doppelgänger characters.
• Do form an argument about specific texts, comparing and contrasting how they express their thematic concerns through doppelgänger characters.

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An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.

There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.

Toulmin arguments

The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:

• Make a claim
• Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim
• Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim)
• Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives

The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.

Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:

• Claim that unconscious bias training does not have the desired results, and resources would be better spent on other approaches
• Cite data to support your claim
• Explain how the data indicates that the method is ineffective
• Anticipate objections to your claim based on other data, indicating whether these objections are valid, and if not, why not.

Rogerian arguments

The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:

• Discuss what the opposing position gets right and why people might hold this position
• Highlight the problems with this position
• Present your own position , showing how it addresses these problems
• Suggest a possible compromise —what elements of your position would proponents of the opposing position benefit from adopting?

This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.

Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:

• Acknowledge that students rely too much on websites like Wikipedia
• Argue that teachers view Wikipedia as more unreliable than it really is
• Suggest that Wikipedia’s system of citations can actually teach students about referencing
• Suggest critical engagement with Wikipedia as a possible assignment for teachers who are skeptical of its usefulness.

You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.

Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .

Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.

Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.

The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.

In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.

Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.

This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.

Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.

A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.

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An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.

No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.

Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.

The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
• Post hoc fallacy
• Appeal to authority fallacy
• False cause fallacy
• Sunk cost fallacy

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• Write a College Essay
• Write a Diversity Essay
• College Essay Format & Structure
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An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.

An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.

In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.

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Accepted Papers

The following papers have been accepted to appear at the 30th ACM SIGOPS Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP), conditional on the approval of each paper's shepherd:

• Aceso: Achieving Efficient Fault Tolerance in Memory-Disaggregated Key-Value Stores Zhisheng Hu (The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Pengfei Zuo (Huawei Cloud), Yizou Chen (The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Chao Wang (The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Junliang Hu (The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ming-Chang Yang (The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK))
• Apparate: Rethinking Early Exits to Tame Latency-Throughput Tensions in ML Serving Yinwei Dai (Princeton University), Rui Pan (Princeton University), Anand Iyer (Georgia Tech), Kai Li (Princeton University), Ravi Netravali (Princeton University)
• Autobahn: Seamless high speed BFT Florian Suri-Payer (Cornell University), Neil Giridharan (UC Berkeley), Natacha Crooks (University of California Berkeley & Azure Systems Research), Lorenzo Alvisi (Cornell University), Ittai Abraham (Intel)
• BIZA: Design of Self-Governing Block-Interface ZNS AFA for Endurance and Performance Shushu Yi (Peking University), Shaocong Sun (Peking University), Li Peng (Peking University), Yingbo Sun (Peking University), Ming-Chang Yang (The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)), Zhichao Cao (ASU), Qiao Li (Xiamen University), Myoungsoo Jung (KAIST and Panmnesia), Ke Zhou (Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)), Jie Zhang (Peking University)
• CHIME: A Cache-Efficient and High-Performance Hybrid Index on Disaggregated Memory Xuchuan Luo (Fudan University), Jiacheng Shen (The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Pengfei Zuo (Huawei Cloud), Xin Wang (Fudan University), Michael R. Lyu (The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Yangfan Zhou (Fudan University)
• Caribou: Fine-Grained Geospatial Shifting of Serverless Applications for Sustainability Viktor Gsteiger (ETH Zurich), Pin Hong (Daniel) Long (University of British Columbia), Yiran (Jerry) Sun (University of British Columbia), Parshan Javanrood (University of British Columbia), Mohammad Shahrad (University of British Columbia)
• Cookie Monster: Efficient On-Device Budgeting for Differentially-Private Ad-Measurement Systems Pierre Tholoniat (Columbia University), Kelly Kostopoulou (Columbia University), Peter McNeely (Columbia University), Prabhpreet Singh Sodhi (Columbia University), Anirudh Varanasi (Columbia University), Benjamin Case (Meta Inc.), Asaf Cidon (Columbia University), Mathias Lécuyer (University of British Columbia), Roxana Geambasu (Columbia University)
• DNS Congestion Control in Adversarial Settings Huayi Duan (ETH Zurich), Jihye Kim (ETH Zurich), Marc Wyss (ETH Zurich), Adrian Perrig (ETH Zurich)
• Dirigent: Lightweight Serverless Orchestration Lazar Cvetković (ETH Zurich), François Costa (ETH Zurich), Mihajlo Djokic (IBM Research Europe), Michal Friedman (ETH Zurich), Ana Klimovic (ETH Zurich)
• Efficient Reproduction of Fault-Induced Failures in Distributed Systems with Feedback-Driven Fault Injection Jia Pan (Johns Hopkins University), Haoze Wu (Johns Hopkins University), Tanakorn Leesatapornwongsa (Microsoft Research), Suman Nath (Microsoft Research), Peng Huang (University of Michigan)
• Efficient file-lifetime redundancy management for cluster file systems Tim Kim (Carnegie Mellon University), Sanjith Athlur (Carnegie Mellon University), Saurabh Kadekodi (Google), Francisco Maturana (Carnegie Mellon University), Dax Vandevoore (Carnegie Mellon University), Arif Merchant (Google), Greg Ganger (Carnegie Mellon University), Rashmi Vinayak (Carnegie Mellon University)
• Enabling Parallelism Hot Switching for Efficient Training of Large Language Models Hao Ge (Peking University), Fangcheng Fu (Peking University), Haoyang Li (Peking University), Xuanyu Wang (Peking University), Sheng Lin (Peking University), Yujie Wang (Peking University), Xiaonan Nie (Peking University), Hailin Zhang (Peking University), Xupeng Miao (Carnegie Mellon University), Bin Cui (Peking University)
• FBDetect: Catching Tiny Performance Regressions at Hyperscale through In-Production Monitoring Dong Young Yoon (Meta Platforms), Yang Wang (Meta Platforms and the Ohio State University), Miao Yu (Meta Platforms and the Ohio State University), Xu Huang (Meta Platforms), Juan Ignacio Jones (Meta Platforms), Abhinay Kukkadapu (Meta Platforms), Osman Kocas (Meta Platforms), Jonathan Wiepert (Meta Platforms), Kapil Goenka (Meta Platforms), Sherry Chen (Meta Platforms), Yanjun Lin (Meta Platforms), Zhihui Huang (Meta Platforms), Jocelyn Kong (Meta Platforms), Michael Chow (Meta Platforms), Chunqiang Tang (Meta Platforms)
• Fast & Safe IO Memory Protection Benny Rubin (Cornell University), Saksham Agarwal (Cornell University), Qizhe Cai (Cornell University), Rachit Agarwal (Cornell University)
• Fast Core Scheduling with Userspace Process Abstraction Jiazhen Lin (Tsinghua University), Youmin Chen (Tsinghua University), Shiwei Gao (Tsinghua University), Youyou Lu (Tsinghua University)
• Fast, Flexible, and Practical Kernel Extensions Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi (EPFL), Rishabh Iyer (UC Berkeley), Sanidhya Kashyap (EPFL)
• Icarus: Trustworthy Just-In-Time Compilers with Symbolic Meta-Execution Michael Smith (UC San Diego), Abhishek Sharma (University of Texas at Austin), Hovav Shacham (University of Texas at Austin), Ranjit Jhala (UC San Diego), Deian Stefan (UC San Diego)
• If At First You Don’t Succeed, Try, Try, Again...? Insights and LLM-informed Tooling for Detecting Retry Bugs in Software Systems Bogdan Alexandru Stoica (University of Chicago), Utsav Sethi (University of Chicago), Yiming Su (University of Chicago), Cyrus Zhou (University of Chicago), Shan Lu (Microsoft Research), Jonathan Mace (Microsoft Research), Madan Musuvathi (Microsoft Research), Suman Nath (Microsoft Research)
• Improving DNN Inference Throughput Using Practical, Per-Input Compute Adaptation Anand Iyer (Georgia Tech), Swapnil Gandhi (Stanford University), Mingyu Guan (Georgia Tech), Yinwei Dai (Princeton University), Rui Pan (Princeton University), Ravi Netravali (Princeton University)
• LazyLog: A New Shared Log Abstraction for Low-Latency Applications Xuhao Luo (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Shreesha G Bhat (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Jiyu Hu (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Ramnatthan Alagappan (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and VMware Research), Aishwarya Ganesan (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and VMware Research)
• LoongServe: Efficiently Serving Long-Context Large Language Models with Elastic Sequence Parallelism Bingyang Wu (Peking University), Shengyu Liu (Peking University), Yinmin Zhong (Peking University), Peng Sun (Shanghai AI Lab), Xuanzhe Liu (Peking University), Xin Jin (Peking University)
• Modular Verification of Secure and Leakage-Free Systems: From Application Specification to Circuit-Level Implementation Anish Athalye (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Henry Corrigan-Gibbs (MIT), Frans Kaashoek (MIT), Joseph Tassarotti (New York University), Nickolai Zeldovich (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
• NOPE: Strengthening domain authentication with zero-knowledge proofs Zachary DeStefano (NYU), Jeff J. Ma (NYU), Joseph Bonneau (NYU), Michael Walfish (NYU)
• OZZ: Identifying Kernel Out-of-Order Concurrency Bugs with In-Vivo Memory Access Reordering Dae R. Jeong (Georgia Tech), Yewon Choi (KAIST), Byoungyoung Lee (Seoul National University), Insik Shin (KAIST), Youngjin Kwon (KAIST)
• PowerInfer: Fast Large Language Model Serving with a Consumer-grade GPU Yixin Song (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Zeyu Mi (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Haotong Xie (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Haibo Chen (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
• Practical Verification of System-Software Components Written in Standard C Can Cebeci (EPFL), Yonghao Zou (EPFL), Diyu Zhou (EPFL), George Candea (EPFL), Clément Pit-Claudel (EPFL)
• ReCycle: Pipeline Adaptation for the Resilient Distributed Training of Large DNNs Swapnil Gandhi (Stanford University), Mark Zhao (Stanford University), Athinagoras Skiadopoulos (Stanford University), Christos Kozyrakis (Stanford University)
• Reducing Energy Bloat in Large Model Training Jae-Won Chung (University of Michigan), Yile Gu (University of Washington), Insu Jang (University of Michigan), Luoxi Meng (University of California, San Diego), Nikhil Bansal (University of Michigan), Mosharaf Chowdhury (University of Michigan)
• Reducing cross-cloud/region costs with the auto-configuring MACARON cache Hojin Park (Carnegie Mellon University), Ziyue Qiu (Carnegie Mellon University), Gregory R. Ganger (Carnegie Mellon University), George Amvrosiadis (Carnegie Mellon University)
• SWARM: Replicating Shared Disaggregated-Memory Data in No Time Antoine Murat (EPFL), Clément Burgelin (EPFL), Athanasios Xygkis (Oracle Labs), Igor Zablotchi (Mysten Labs), Marcos K. Aguilera (VMware Research Group), Rachid Guerraoui (EPFL)
• Scalai: Dynamic Parallelism for Deep Learning using Parallelizable Tensor Collections Marcel Wagenländer (Imperial College London), Guo Li (Imperial College London), Bo Zhao (Aalto University), Luo Mai (University of Edinburgh), Peter Pietzuch (Imperial College London)
• Scaling Deep Learning Computation over the Inter-Core Connected Intelligence Processor with T10 Yiqi Liu (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Yuqi Xue (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Yu Cheng (Microsoft Research), Lingxiao Ma (Microsoft Research), Ziming Miao (Microsoft Research), Jilong Xue (Microsoft Research), Jian Huang (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)
• Sesame: Practical End-to-End Privacy Compliance with Policy Containers and Privacy Regions Kinan Dak Albab (Brown University), Artem Agvanian (Brown University), Allen Aby (Brown University), Corinn Tiffany (Brown University), Alexander Portland (Brown University), Sarah Ridley (Brown University), Malte Schwarzkopf (Brown University)
• SilvanForge: A Schedule-Guided Retargetable Compiler for Decision Tree Inference Ashwin Prasad (Indian Institute of Science), Sampath Rajendra (Microsoft Research), Kaushik Rajan (Microsoft Research), R Govindarajan (Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India), Uday Bondhugula (Indian Institute of Science and PolyMage Labs)
• Skyloft: A General High-Efficient Scheduling Framework in User Space Yuekai Jia (Tsinghua University), Kaifu Tian (Tsinghua University), Yuyang You (Tsinghua University), Yu Chen (Tsinghua University), Kang Chen (Tsinghua University)
• Tiered Memory Management: Access Latency is the Key! Midhul Vuppalapati (Cornell University), Rachit Agarwal (Cornell University)
• TrEnv: Transparently Share Serverless Execution Environments Across Different Functions and Nodes Jialiang Huang (Tsinghua University, Alibaba Group), MingXing Zhang (Tsinghua University), Teng Ma (Alibaba Group), Zheng Liu (Zhejiang University, Alibaba Group), Sixing Lin (Tsinghua University, Wuhan University), Kang Chen (Tsinghua University), Jinlei Jiang (Tsinghua University), Xia Liao (Tsinghua University), Yingdi Shan (Tsinghua University), Ning Zhang (Alibaba Group), Mengting Lu (Alibaba Group), Tao Ma (Alibaba Group), Haifeng Gong (Intel), YongWei Wu (Tsinghua University)
• Uncovering Nested Data Parallelism and Data Reuse in DNN Computation with FractalTensor Siran Liu (Peking University), Chengxiang Qi (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences), Ying Cao (Microsoft Research Asia), Chao Yang (Peking University), Weifang Hu (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Xuanhua Shi (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Fan Yang (Microsoft Research Asia), Mao Yang (Microsoft Research Asia)
• Unearthing Semantic Checks for Cloud Infrastructure-as-Code Programs Yiming Qiu (University of Michigan), Patrick Tser Jern Kon (University of Michigan), Ryan Beckett (Microsoft), Ang Chen (University of Michigan)
• Unifying serverless and microservice workloads with SigmaOS Ariel Szekely (MIT), Adam Belay (MIT), Robert Morris (MIT), Frans Kaashoek (MIT)
• VPRI: Optimized I/O Page Fault in Public IaaS Kaijie Guo (Alibaba Cloud), Dingji Li (Shanghai Jiaotong University), Ben Luo (Alibaba Cloud), Yibin Shen (Alibaba Cloud), Kaihuan Peng (Alibaba Cloud), Ning Luo (Alibaba Cloud), Shengdong Dai (Alibaba Cloud), Chen Liang (Alibaba Cloud), Jianming Song (Alibaba Cloud), Hang Yang (Alibaba Cloud), Xiantao Zhang (Alibaba Cloud), Zeyu Mi (Shanghai Jiaotong University)
• Verus: A Practical Foundation for Systems Verification Andrea Lattuada (MPI-SWS), Travis Hance (Carnegie Mellon University), Jay Bosamiya (Microsoft Research), Matthias Brun (ETH Zurich), Chanhee Cho (Carnegie Mellon University), Hayley LeBlanc (University of Texas at Austin), Pranav Srinivasan (University of Michigan), Reto Achermann (University of British Columbia), Tej Chajed (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Chris Hawblitzel (Microsoft Research), Jon Howell (VMware Research), Jacob R. Lorch (Microsoft Research), Oded Padon (Weizmann Institute of Science), Bryan Parno (Carnegie Mellon University)
• vSoC: Efficient Virtual System-on-Chip on Heterogeneous Hardware Jiaxing Qiu (Tsinghua University), Zijie Zhou (Tsinghua University), Yang Li (Tsinghua University), Zhenhua Li (Tsinghua University), Feng Qian (University of Southern California), Hao Lin (Tsinghua University and University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Di Gao (Tsinghua University), Haitao Su (Tsinghua University), Xin Miao (Tsinghua University), Yunhao Liu (Tsinghua University), Tianyin Xu (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign)