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How to write a critical essay: a step-by-step guide.

• By Dr. Marvin L. Smith

A critical essay is an analytical piece of writing that evaluates a text, idea, or work of art. It requires careful examination of the subject matter, presenting a balanced argument supported by evidence. 

This guide will walk you through the essential steps to craft a compelling critical essay, from understanding the prompt to formulating a strong thesis and structuring your analysis effectively. 

By mastering these techniques, you’ll enhance your ability to analyze and articulate complex ideas in academic writing critically.

What is a critical essay?

A critical essay is an analytical piece of writing that evaluates, interprets, and critiques a specific topic, work, or idea. Unlike other essay types that primarily focus on summarizing or describing, a critical essay requires the writer to engage deeply with the subject, examining its strengths, weaknesses, and implications.

In a critical essay, the author presents a central claim or argument about the topic and supports it with evidence and reasoned analysis. This type of essay goes beyond surface-level observations to explore underlying meanings, contexts, and significance. It often involves questioning assumptions, considering alternative viewpoints, and drawing connections between the subject and broader themes or issues.

The goal of a critical essay is not merely to criticize, but to offer a balanced, thoughtful evaluation that demonstrates the writer’s ability to think critically and communicate complex ideas effectively. Whether analyzing literature, art, scientific theories, or societal issues, a critical essay aims to deepen understanding and provoke thought about its subject matter.

Characteristics of a critical essay

A well-crafted critical essay exhibits several key characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of academic writing:

Central Claim:

At the heart of every critical essay lies a central claim or thesis statement. This is the writer’s main argument or interpretation of the subject under examination. The central claim should be:

• Clear and specific, stating the essay’s primary focus
• Debatable, offering a perspective that can be supported and potentially challenged
• Relevant to the topic and appropriate for the essay’s scope

To support the central claim, a critical essay relies heavily on evidence. This evidence can take various forms:

• Textual evidence from primary sources (e.g., quotes from a literary work being analyzed)
• Data from scientific studies or historical documents
• Expert opinions or scholarly interpretations
• Logical reasoning and analysis

The evidence presented should be:

• Relevant to the central claim
• Credible and reliable sources
• Thoroughly analyzed and interpreted, not merely stated

Conclusion:

The conclusion of a critical essay serves to synthesize the argument and reinforce the central claim. 

An effective conclusion:

• Restates the thesis in light of the evidence presented
• Summarizes the main points of the analysis
• Offers broader implications or significance of the argument
• May suggest areas for further study or consideration

Additional characteristics of a critical essay include:

Objective Tone: While presenting an argument, the essay maintains a balanced and academic tone, avoiding emotional language or personal bias.

Analytical Approach: The essay breaks down complex ideas into component parts for detailed examination.

Contextual Consideration: It places the subject within its broader historical, cultural, or theoretical context.

Structured Argument: The essay follows a logical structure, with each paragraph building upon the previous one to create a cohesive argument.

Steps to write a critical essay

Here are the steps to write a critical essay. By following these guidelines, you’ll be able to craft a well-structured, insightful analysis of your chosen subject. Remember, the key to a successful critical essay lies in your ability to engage deeply with the material and present a clear, well-supported argument.

Critical Reading

The foundation of a strong critical essay is a thorough, engaged reading of the subject material. As you read, actively interact with the text by taking detailed notes and highlighting key points. Pay close attention to the author’s main arguments and the evidence they use to support these claims.

Look beyond the surface level of the text. Consider the context in which the work was created, including historical, cultural, or social factors that might have influenced its creation. This contextual understanding can provide valuable insights for your analysis.

Question the assumptions presented in the text and be alert for potential biases. Critical reading involves not just understanding what is said, but also examining how and why it is said. This deep engagement with the material will provide the raw material for your analysis and interpretation.

Organize Your Thoughts

After your critical reading, take time to process and structure your ideas. Review your notes, looking for recurring themes or patterns that emerge from the text. Group related ideas together to start forming the basis of your argument.

Consider different perspectives on the subject. Are there alternative interpretations or conflicting viewpoints? Exploring these can help you develop a more nuanced understanding of the topic and strengthen your argument.

As you organize your thoughts, you’ll likely begin to formulate your own stance or interpretation. This is the seed from which your thesis will grow. Don’t rush this process – allow yourself time to think through the material and your response to it.

State Your Thesis

With your thoughts organized, you can now craft your thesis statement. This concise statement should encapsulate the main argument or interpretation you’ll present in your essay. Ensure your thesis is specific and debatable – it should present a clear position that you’ll defend throughout your essay.

Your thesis should be relevant to the subject and appropriate for the scope of your essay. It’s not just a statement of fact, but a claim that requires support and evidence to prove. A strong thesis will guide the rest of your writing process, helping you maintain focus and coherence throughout your essay.

Write a Critical Essay Outline

Before you begin writing, create a structured outline for your essay. This plan will help you develop a logical flow of ideas from your introduction through to your conclusion. Decide on the main points you’ll address in each body paragraph, ensuring they all support and develop your thesis.

Note the evidence and examples you’ll use to support each point. This might include quotes from the text, data from studies, or insights from scholarly sources. Having this information organized in your outline will make the writing process much smoother.

Consider how you’ll transition between paragraphs to maintain the flow of your argument. A well-crafted outline serves as a roadmap for your essay, ensuring your ideas are presented in a clear, logical manner.

Write a Draft

With your outline as a guide, begin writing your first draft. Start with an engaging introduction that presents your thesis and provides context for your argument. In your body paragraphs, develop each main point, supporting it with evidence from your critical reading and analysis.

Ensure each paragraph focuses on a single main idea that supports your overall thesis. Use transitions to create smooth connections between paragraphs, maintaining the flow of your argument throughout the essay.

Conclude your essay by reinforcing your thesis and summarizing your key points. Consider discussing the broader implications of your argument or suggesting areas for further study.

Proofread & Edit 

The final step in crafting your critical essay is careful revision. Read through your draft, checking for clarity and coherence in your arguments. Ensure all evidence is properly cited and integrated smoothly into your text.

Look for grammatical errors and areas where you can improve sentence structure or word choice. Consider reading your essay aloud – this can help you catch awkward phrasing or unclear ideas.

If possible, seek feedback from peers or instructors. Fresh perspectives can provide valuable insights and help you refine your essay further. Remember, good writing often comes through multiple revisions, so don’t be afraid to make significant changes if they strengthen your argument.

Tips for writing a critical essay

 Here are the tips to craft a perfect critical essay.

Develop a Strong Thesis Statement

Your thesis is the cornerstone of your critical essay. Ensure it clearly states your main argument and provides a roadmap for your analysis. A strong thesis should be specific, debatable, and supported by evidence from the text or subject you’re analyzing.

Engage in Close Reading

Pay attention to details in the text or subject you’re critiquing. Look for patterns, themes, and contradictions. Close reading allows you to uncover nuances that might not be apparent at first glance, providing rich material for your analysis.

Use Evidence Effectively

Support your arguments with relevant evidence from the text or other credible sources. When quoting or paraphrasing , always explain how the evidence supports your point. This demonstrates your ability to interpret information critically.

Maintain Objectivity

While you’re presenting your own interpretation, strive to remain objective. Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and address potential counterarguments. This shows that you’ve considered the topic from multiple angles, strengthening your overall analysis.

Structure Your Essay Logically

Organize your ideas in a clear, logical manner. Each paragraph should focus on a single main point that supports your thesis. Use transitions to create smooth connections between paragraphs, ensuring your essay flows coherently from start to finish.

Avoid Summarizing 

Remember, a critical essay is not a summary. While you may need to provide some context, your focus should be on analysis and interpretation. Dig deeper into the meaning and implications of the subject rather than simply restating what it says or shows.

Critical essay structure

A well-structured critical essay typically follows a standard format that helps organize your thoughts and arguments effectively. Here’s an overview of the key components:

Introduction:

Begin with a hook to capture the reader’s attention. This could be a provocative question, a surprising fact, or a relevant anecdote related to your topic. Provide brief background information to contextualize your analysis. End your introduction with a clear, concise thesis statement that outlines your main argument.

Body Paragraphs:

Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence that introduces the paragraph’s central point. Present evidence from the text or other sources to support your argument. Analyze this evidence, explaining how it relates to your thesis and what insights it provides. Use transitions between paragraphs to maintain a logical flow of ideas.

Counterarguments:

Acknowledge opposing viewpoints or potential criticisms of your argument. This demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the topic and strengthens your position. Address these counterarguments and explain why your interpretation is more convincing or valid.

Summarize your main points without simply restating them. Reinforce your thesis by showing how your analysis supports it. End with a broader statement about the significance of your argument or its implications for understanding the subject matter.

Topics for writing a critical essay

Sample topics for writing a critical essay:

• The Impact of Social Media on Modern Communication
• Climate Change Denial: A Critical Analysis
• Gender Representation in Contemporary Cinema
• The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
• The Role of Protest in Democratic Societies
• Fast Fashion and Its Environmental Consequences
• The Influence of Video Games on Youth Culture
• Fake News and Its Effect on Public Opinion
• The Portrayal of Mental Health in Literature
• The Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering

Critical essay examples

Here is an example critical essay.

Title: The Portrayal of Gender Roles in Shakespeare’s “Macbeth”

William Shakespeare’s tragedy “Macbeth” has long been celebrated for its exploration of ambition and morality. However, a closer examination reveals a complex portrayal of gender roles that both reflects and challenges the societal norms of Elizabethan England. This essay argues that Shakespeare uses the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to subvert traditional gender expectations, ultimately highlighting the destructive nature of rigid gender roles.

Body Paragraph 1:

At the outset of the play, Lady Macbeth embodies traditionally masculine traits, displaying ambition, ruthlessness, and a willingness to challenge the natural order. She famously implores the spirits to “unsex” her, wishing to strip away her feminine qualities to achieve her goals. This portrayal challenges the Elizabethan notion of women as passive and subservient, instead presenting a female character who drives the plot forward through her own agency and ambition.

Body Paragraph 2:

Conversely, Macbeth initially exhibits traits associated with femininity in Elizabethan society, such as indecisiveness and emotional vulnerability. His reluctance to act on his ambitions and his reliance on his wife’s guidance subvert the expected behavior of a male warrior. Shakespeare thus presents a male protagonist who doesn’t conform to the period’s ideals of masculinity, challenging the audience’s expectations.

Body Paragraph 3:

As the play progresses, both characters undergo transformations that further complicate gender expectations. Lady Macbeth’s eventual descent into madness and guilt can be interpreted as a reassertion of her “feminine” nature, suggesting that her rejection of traditional gender roles leads to her downfall. Meanwhile, Macbeth grows increasingly ruthless and violent, embracing a hyper-masculine persona that ultimately leads to his destruction.

Counterargument:

Some critics argue that the play ultimately reinforces traditional gender roles by punishing characters who transgress them. However, this interpretation overlooks the nuanced way in which Shakespeare presents these characters’ downfalls. Their tragic ends stem not from their rejection of gender norms per se, but from the moral corruption that accompanies their pursuit of power.

Through his portrayal of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, Shakespeare offers a critique of rigid gender roles in Elizabethan society. By presenting characters who both embody and subvert gender expectations, he illustrates the destructive potential of adhering too strictly to societal norms. This nuanced exploration of gender continues to resonate with modern audiences, highlighting the timeless nature of Shakespeare’s insights into human behavior and social constructs.

Final thoughts

Mastering the art of critical essay writing is a journey of intellectual growth. It sharpens your analytical skills, enhances your ability to construct compelling arguments, and deepens your understanding of complex topics. As you practice, you’ll find that these skills extend far beyond academic writing, enriching your critical thinking in various aspects of life.

Dr. Marvin L. Smith

Dr. Marvin L. Smith, 45, is a tenured professor with over two decades of experience in his field. His research focuses on cutting-edge topics within his area of expertise, contributing significantly to the academic community. Dr. Smith has published numerous peer-reviewed articles in respected journals and authored several widely-used textbooks. Known for his ability to explain complex concepts clearly, he is a frequent contributor to academic and popular science publications. As a recognized expert, Dr. Smith often speaks at international conferences and continues to mentor the next generation of researchers. His work consistently pushes the boundaries of knowledge in his discipline. Dr. Marvin also write useful content on Medium and answer questions of young researchers and students on Quora .

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Effective Critical Writing

Effective critical writing: an introduction.

Critical thinking delves beneath the surface of things, turning them into objects for study, interpretation, and judgement. The aim of critical writing is to express these thoughts.

Effective critical writing offers a rigorous and thorough argument composed in clear, concise, and natural language that obeys the rules of grammar .

Other resources

My separate guide to close reading offers step-by-step instructions and a list of terms and principles.

In my YouTube video series , learn how to read and write about texts like a literary critic. There are videos on avoiding common grammatical mistakes , on turning ideas into arguments , and on quoting and citing other writing in your writing .

You might also find the  writing-related posts throughout my blog  worthwhile; they offer personal observations and unsolicited advice on the ideal writing environment, software, journals, mindsets, and habits.

1: Write a rigorous & thorough argument

• Always ensure that your argument deals with the terms and scope of the question posed to you.
• When you posit an argument, you need to illustrate it with strong and sustained textual evidence (and, often, secondary sources), linked together with your articulate and thoughtful analysis. Your personal judgments are only the beginning of an academic argument, when they are grounded in a sound knowledge of the text and its nuances, when they move from opinions to arguments .
• Literary criticism is neither wholly objective, nor wholly subjective. There are no right or wrong analyses, only well- and poorly-argued ones.
• A strong argument begins with an effective thesis statement .
• A paragraph should be like an essay in miniature, with a discrete (unique) purpose, and a beginning, middle, and end. It should begin and end with analytical statements, rather than with descriptions, paraphrases, or quotations.
• A strong argument uses clear and confident language to present its ideas and evidence, avoiding non-committal phrases like “perhaps” or “this might be interpreted to mean”. If you’re uncertain about your interpretation, buttress it with more (or better) textual evidence–or do some thinking about whether what you’re writing is what you truly think.
• When responding to a text, don’t simply retell the story or argument in your own words. Assume that the reader shares your well-earned mastery of the text. Weave the text’s narrative into the pattern of your argument and analysis. This usually means that you don’t need (necessarily) to stick to the author’s chronology of events: move laterally through the material, according to your own priorities. Make the plot serve your analysis, not the other way round.
• In sum, show the reader that you’re truly engaged with the both text and with the question(s) at hand.

Writing an Effective Thesis Statement

• The thesis statement tells your reader (1) what you will argue, and (2) how you will argue it (what categories of evidence you will use).
• It is more than just a topic sentence or starting point.
• Shakespeare uses metaphors to express Romeo and Juliet’s feelings.
• Shakespeare uses the metaphors of beholding and reading, in Romeo and Juliet’s conversations, to express their desires and judgements.
• This is more effective because it’s explicit about which feelings you’ll discuss, and it tells the reader what evidence you’ll examine.
• In this YouTube video, learn more about writing an effective thesis statement . It’s the last of a four-stage process from annotating, to thinking, to filtering, to summarizing.

Faulty Arguments

• Strong writers argue with the confidence that comes from resourceful use of evidence. Weak writers state and restate arguments to make up for faulty or absent evidence.
• One sure sign of weak argumentation is an abrupt shift at the end of a paragraph or essay from bland analysis and excessive quotation to over-confident assertions: “thus we see…” “therefore it is clear…”. This is too glib to be trusted: your job is to make it clear , transitioning smoothly between close readings of your chosen (few) quotations and natural conclusions.

2: Use clear, concise, & natural language

• Be active, engaging, and clear in your style. Critical writing is a highly self-conscious, if not paranoid, act: you write with an imaginary (and acutely critical) reader looking over your shoulder. Ensure that every word in a sentence needs to be there; superfluous words clutter the page and give the impression that you’re being evasive.
• The greatest challenge in critical writing is to present ideas you have spent many hours crafting and clarifying as if they occurred to you naturally, without excessive strain or effort. The same applies to the structure of your argument: while you need a logical argument, you must conceal the blueprints after you build the house. Avoid phrases which simply turn your point-form notes into prose, like “In this essay I will argue…” or “In conclusion…” or “The idea of appearance versus reality also appears in Act II, Scene 3.” Essays should show the product, not the gestation, of your ideas.

Analysis / Description / Paraphrase / Quotation

• Think of these four modes of writing on a spectrum: at one end, there’s a purely analytical statement (eg. “ Hamlet  is a play about epistemological uncertainty”).
• For more on selecting quotations, see here .
• At the other end of the spectrum, there’s pure quotation: words quoted directly from the text (“To be or not to be”).
• Description and paraphrase are modes between these two extremes: they tell the reader about the text in your own words–describing events and dialogue, paraphrasing speeches, and so on.
• What should you do with this information? Think of paraphrase and description as a way to balance analysis with description. All four modes of writing have a place in your writing, and both ends of the spectrum need each other: you need description to tell the reader what’s happening, and analysis to tell the reader what to think (or what you’re thinking). Use paraphrase and description to move between them, to make the distinction less overt.

Rather than saying, “In Hamlet , revenge is depicted as…”, say it outright: “ Hamlet depicts revenge as…”.

Avoid the passive voice, where possible: don’t say, “Tybalt is killed by Romeo” when it’s more direct to say, “Romeo kills Tybalt.” Here are some resources on how to identify and avoid it, from the writing centres at  Toronto and Purdue and UNC Chapel Hill .

There are exceptions to this rule, as to most: when you truly don’t know who did an action. It’s appropriate, even necessary, to ask (for example), “Where were these peaches grown?” If you don’t know where they grew, it likely follows that you don’t know who grew them.

Be confident

Rather than writing, “It seems that Horatio is a loyal friend”, try the more direct, “Horatio is a loyal friend.” Avoid non-committal phrases like “perhaps” or “this might be interpreted to mean.” If you can’t strengthen an assertion with textual evidence, don’t bother making it.

Audience responses, which are notoriously unpredictable, are an exception to this rule. (eg. You can argue that a speech is designed to elicit sympathy, not that it will evoke sympathy from an audience.

Be explicit

Don’t shy away from your critical responsibilities, or pretend that you know something you don’t. Don’t tell your reader that “it is clear” or “it can be argued that” when your task is to make the argument or idea clear.

Ensure that every word in every sentence needs to be there. If you can remove it without changing the meaning, do so. The same goes for sentences within paragraphs.

The most elegant writing is also the most economical. Unnecessarily long words and wordy phrases strain the reader’s sense that you truly believe what you are writing, rather than cloaking it in unnecessary verbiage.

To improve the flow of your argument and the cadences of your sentences, try reading your early drafts aloud as you revise them. This technique also helps you avoid run-on sentences, in which you lose the original idea by the end of the sentence, a phenomenon I’m demonstrating in this very sentence, which is, if you are reading it aloud, already incoherent.

My assignments have maximum word-limits because it is far more difficult, and more important, to be concise than to be verbose.

Most writers love to fill space with words — the length of this web page is all the evidence you need. Many of those words are unnecessary verbiage, or words that merely take up space without contributing to your argument.

Here are some egregious examples:

• Sure, and many of them have been reluctant undergraduates eager to impress their professors with claims of Shakespeare’s timeless genius or statements of self-evident literary history.
• Well, maybe. I appreciate the sentiment that literature can teach us to experience the world differently. But bland therapeutic pronouncements about text X teaching us moral lesson Y usually replace rigorous evidence-based arguments about that text.

Specific terms & phrases to avoid

“This piece by Sir Philip Sidney…”

• Be precise and direct. In modern usage, ‘piece’ means a short article (“Your piece in the New York Times “) or brief artistic/literary compostion (a piece of music, of rhyme). Can everybody agree to use more precise words than ‘piece’?

“Through this text society learns valuable lessons.”

• No,  individual readers read texts. They might together alter the social fabric, but society is not a hive mind: it cannot read or learn anything. As Margaret Thatcher said in one of her rare moments of critical lucidity, there’s no such thing as society .

Malapropisms

These are words used mistakenly, in the place of a similar-sounding other words””often with amusing results. In Richard Sheridan’s play The Rivals (1775), Mrs. Malaprop commits this error all the time: “she’s as headstrong as an allegory [alligator] on the banks of Nile,” for instance. “Michelangelo painted the Sixteenth [Sistene] Chapel” is another example. Most student examples are more feasible (and less ludicrous) than that, and they tend to fall into the category of what Fowler’s Modern English Usage (1926) calls “the love of the long word.” This is a trap that students often fall into, in an effort to make their language sound impressive, at the expense of clarity, precision and directness: virtuosity for virtue, orientate for orient. H. W. Fowler also wrote The King’s English (1906), which begins with this advice: “Any one who wishes to become a good writer should endeavour, before he allows himself to be tempted by the more showy qualities, to be direct, simple, brief, vigorous, and lucid.”

And this is Fowler’s advice on diction (word choice): “Prefer the familiar word to the far-fetched. Prefer the concrete word to the abstract. Prefer the single word to the circumlocution. Prefer the short word to the long.” Enough said.

3: Follow the rules of grammar

Grammatical errors are the easiest to fix, and are therefore the most exasperating to your readers.

My YouTube video, “ Look Smart: Avoid Bad Grammar ,” addresses the Top Ten most common grammatical errors: commas, semicolons, apostrophes, homonyms, inconsistent verbs, passive-voice verbs, vague pronouns, misplaced modifiers, dangling modifiers, and parallelism.

Specific matters of grammar:

• Avoid singular/plural errors when you’re trying to avoid gender-specific language. Rather than saying, “ The reader understands that they are not given the full story,” say “ Readers understand that they are not given the full story.”
• Write in the ‘timeless present’ tense, not mixing past and present verb-tenses. Don’t write “This was one of the recurring themes in the book. There are numerous moments when it appears .” Instead, use the present tense throughout: “This is one of the recurring themes…” etc.
• Don’t make semicolon errors; they are to be used only between complete sentences, or between articles in a list which consist of multiple words (eg. “Daniel Price addresses his sermon to three classes of readers: his dedicatee Charles; former members of Henry’s household; and young men who neglect their spiritual duties”).
• For other amusing examples, visit The “Blog” of “Unnecessary” Quotation Marks .
• Use two long dashes or two double-hyphens–not single-hyphens–when interjecting a parenthetical word or statement.
• For example: “ It’s in its infancy.”
• plural forms of words very rarely require an apostrophe

Citation Style

Follow the MLA citation style. as outlined in the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers . Always include a Works Cited section at the end of your essay.

Remember that you are citing authors, not editors: don’t list Romeo and Juliet under its modern editor, but under Shakespeare.Don’t introduce a sentence by saying ‘In Act III Scene 7, Enobarbus tells Cleopatra…”; rather, quote the character and then close the sentence with the citation (III.7.35). Remember that the citation always goes at the end of your sentence, even if the quotation ends in the middle.

Presentation Guidelines

Here are some of those idiosyncratic guidelines I mentioned in my note at the top of this page. Following these will make me happier when I draw your essay from the groaning piles on my desk.

• Do proofread carefully, especially a text you’re quoting from any source.
• Do include the following at the top of page one ( not in a separate title-page): name, student number, date, course, professor, due date, word count , essay title, and question number.
• Do double-space your essay, with margins of at least an inch on all sides.
• Don’t justify the right-hand margin, which makes your paper look like a magazine article.
• Do include page numbers.
• Writing with style can also mean writing in style. Many students use Times New Roman font, without considering the aesthetic appeal of other fonts like Garamond or Georgia or Lucida. Anything but Courier, or one of those Baroque script-like fonts, makes for a more pleasant reading experience. But please: nothing smaller than 12 point, and no coloured text or paper.
• Finally, do give your essay an insightful title, rather than parroting the words in the question. (E.g. If the question asks you to analyze Falstaff’s sense of humour, don’t call your essay “An Analysis of Falstaff’s Sense of Humour.”)

Quoting Primary Texts

In my YouTube video, “ Quote with Integrity ,” you learn why and how to quote other people’s writing, in your writing. You also learn how to cite your sources, whether they’re prose or verse. And how to integrate that textual evidence smoothly into your analysis, and when to paraphrase it. Finally, you learn why plagiarizing sources in your essay is the equivalent of claiming that you and your friends recorded Rihanna songs in your garage.

How do you use quotations in your argument? Use them to support your claims and to return the reader back to the text at hand, especially in the midst of long analytical sections. Quotations show that you have done a careful reading and that your analysis can be phrased in the text’s own terms and language.

Try at all times to integrate quotations into your own prose. This effectively reassures your readers that they are reading a reliable account of the text, one that is almost interchangeable with it. I’m overstating the case somewhat, but when you adroitly interweave an author’s words and phrases with your own, you display a proficiency and adeptness that suggests your trustworthiness.

Integrating quotations begins with ensuring that if we removed the quotation-marks from your sentence, it would still be grammatically correct (more or less) and would still make sense. It’s jarring for a reader to switch syntactical gears mid-sentence: ease the transition.

Always proofread your quotations very carefully. If your transcription is wrong, can your interpretation be any more trustworthy?

Gratuitous quotations are equally tiresome. Remember when you quote a text, at any length, to JUSTIFY its presence in your argument. Why is it quoted, rather than paraphrased? The answer comes from your analysis, which interprets the quotation’s meaning and clarifies its purpose in the essay.

When you quote a text, you assume the responsibility to discuss particular details like its tone, syntax, and diction. When you quote verse (rather than prose) you must acknowledge the ends of lines, either by inserting line breaks ( / ) or by presenting the verse as it’s laid out in the quoted text. How do you decide which one to do? If you’re quoting within your own prose, use line breaks. If you’re using the block-quotation (indented) format, lay it out as it appears. When introducing a quotation, use the proper punctuation. You should also not use “quotation marks” for block quotations.

Here’s what I mean. In these two examples, the first instance uses the correct format. The wrong format follows below, with errors in bold type .

Note that in the first example I quote Lepidus within my own prose, because the speech is only two lines. For quotations longer than three lines, use the block format shown in the second example.

Also note that you should  never use an ellipsis (…) at the beginning and ends of quotations. Only use them when you are replacing words in the middle of quotations (e.g. “Evils … to darken … his goodness” — wherein “enough” and “all” are replaced by “…”).

Right format:

Responding to Caesar’s critique of Anthony’s revelry, Lepidus has a more indulgent view: “I must not think there are / Evils enough to darken all his goodness” (1.4.10-11).

Wrong format:

Responding to Caesar’s critique of Anthony’s revelry, Lepidus has a more indulgent view, “ … I must not think there are evils  enough to darken all his goodness … “ (1.4.10-11).

Lepidus has a more indulgent view:

I must not think there are Evils enough to darken all his goodness. His faults in him seem as the spots of heaven, More fiery by night’s blackness. (1.4.10-13)

Lepidus has a more indulgent view,

“I must not think there are / Evils enough to darken all his goodness. / His faults in him seem as the spots of heaven, / More fiery by night’s blackness” (1.4.10-13)

Quoting Critical Texts

Effective critical writing is both independent and original. It presents the results of your own critical engagement with a central question about a text, and the series of problems that arise from that question.

To achieve this, your writing must weave the ideas of other critics (quoted from articles and books) into your own argument. That is, it must use those critics to add complexity — not just support — to your argument.

A common problem in undergraduate essays is that critics feel slighted: students quote them briefly and then move ahead with their arguments, as if they were merely filling a quota. Think of them as fellow readers whose interpretations you are testing, not as talking-heads in a documentary you’re editing. Engage with each of the ideas you introduce; agree or disagree with them, develop them or depart from them””use any rhetorical method that suggests you are in conversation with them.

That’s why, for instance, you should always begin a paragraph with your own ideas, not with the words of Critic X. Your own ideas should always be at the forefront: they are stucturing the argument and determining the subjects of each paragraph.Similarly, end each paragraph with a summation of its subject (its argument in miniature)””not with another quotation, from any source.Speaking of documentaries, don’t introduce critics like they’re on a panel discussion (“In his 2001 book Managing Readers, William Slights of the University of Saskatchewan argues”). The convention is to integrate them more subtly (“William Slights argues that”), and to leave publication information for the Works Cited page.

Another common problem is the use of broad interpretive or “˜background’ ideas without attribution (e.g. “pilgrims were often poor,” or “Una represents Christian truth”). These are fine when you cite the source or critic you got them from (even, say, “English 408 Lecture on November 17th, 2008″), and then when you pull them apart and question their truth. But you should never accept them at face value, or (worse) base your argument on them. You have clearly done some extra research, which is good, but you can’t let that research go unattributed. If it’s from Wikipedia and you’d rather not say so, stop using Wikipedia and find the information from a more reputable source: usually a printed book, journal, or encyclopedia in the library. This means that yes, you have to go to the library to research your subject. 

4: More general advice

Time management.

The most common mistake among students is not allowing adequate time to complete an assignment. (Having been there, I can sympathize–to a point.) So plan your time carefully, particularly when you can anticipate weeks when many assignments will be due. Write your various due dates on a calendar at the beginning of each term, and plan in advance when you will work on each of them. As these dates approach, give yourself time to work on the assignment regularly: half an hour every day  is a modest and thus an achievable goal. The final few days before the essay is due should be dedicated only to revision and editing–fine-tuning of what you have already written.Effective critical writing is never a last-minute endeavour. Good essays rarely emerge as “blear-eyed wisdom out of midnight oil,” to quote W. B. Yeats. If this doesn’t convince you, consider what Thomas Cogan, the High Master of Manchester Grammar School, wrote in 1584:

“nothing is more hurtfull than studying in the night. …Wherefore to watch and to be occupied in minde or bodie in the day time, is agreeable to the motions of the humours and spirites: but to watch and studie in the night, is to strive against nature, and by contrarie motions to impaire both the bodie and minde” (from The haven of health: chiefly gathered for the comfort of students ).

Writing Resources

• No writer’s desk should be without a good dictionary and thesaurus . Any acknowledged dictionary will do, but the Oxford Paperback Canadian Dictionary should be useful to English students in Canada. A thesaurus, when used judiciously, is another excellent resource for finding the words that will do justice to your ideas.
• The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory , 4th edition. (1998). Unparalleled.
• Fowler’s Modern English Usage , the longstanding standard authority on English usage, has been thoroughly revised by R. W. Burchfield (3rd. edition, 1996). It’s an excellent guide to common and particular problems, like ‘that’ vs. ‘which’, or ‘who’ vs. ‘whom’. And it offers such entertaining definitions as the entry for “pedantry”: “the saying of things in language so learned or so demontratively accurate as to imply a slur upon the generality, who are not capable or not desirous of such displays”. Classic. For more like these, see John Ralston Saul’s The Doubter’s Companion: A Dictionary of Aggressive Common Sense (1994).
• Dan White and Jeannine DeLombard’s “ Papers: Expectations, Guidelines, Advice, and Grading “ is a comprehensive guide covering all it promises to cover.
• Jack Lynch’s Guide to Writing and Style , and his Resources for Writers , at Rutgers University.
• Writery Resources [ sic ] is a site hosted by the University of Missouri, with online guides to style and grammar, dictionaries and thesauri. It also has links to a number of other online resources.
• Online edition of Strunk & White’s Elements of Style .

Academic Integrity

In my YouTube video, “ Quote with Integrity ,” I compare plagiarizing your sources to claiming that you and your friends recorded Rihanna songs in your garage.

Plagiarism is the deliberate or inadvertent presentation of someone else’s work as your own. If you submit an assignment that includes material (even a very small amount) that you did not write, but that is presented as your own work, you are guilty of plagiarism. Your readers must know at every point whether they are reading your ideas, or someone else’s.

The definition of plagiarism is simple, but its penalties are severe, as detailed in the University guidelines. Ignorance is not a defence: it is your responsibility to ensure that you understand and apply the citation rules outlined in the MLA Handbook .

Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to, the following scenarios: using the work of someone else, from whatever source, without citation; recycling work from other university or high school courses; or submitting the same paper in two different courses.

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How to Write a Critical Essay

Last Updated: April 8, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Megan Morgan, PhD . Megan Morgan is a Graduate Program Academic Advisor in the School of Public & International Affairs at the University of Georgia. She earned her PhD in English from the University of Georgia in 2015. There are 10 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,164,812 times.

The goal of a critical essay is to analyze a book, film, article, painting, or event and support your argument with relevant details. When writing a paper like this, you will have to come up with an interpretation of your own and then use facts or evidence from the work or other sources to prove that your interpretation is acceptable. A critical essay on a book, for example, might focus on the tone and how that influences the meaning of the book overall and would use quotations from the book to support the thesis. This type of paper requires careful planning and writing, but is often a creative way to engage with a subject that you are interested in and can be very rewarding!

Preparing to Write a Critical Essay

• Get to know the text inside and out by reading and rereading it. If you have been asked to write about a visual text like a film or piece of art, watch the film multiple times or view the painting from various angles and distances.

• What is the text about?
• What are the main ideas?
• What is puzzling about the text?
• What is the purpose of this text?
• Does the text accomplish its purpose? If not, why not? Is so, how so? [3] X Research source Don't: summarize the plot — you should already be familiar with it. Do: jot down thoughts that may guide your paper: Does he mean __? Does this connect to __?

• Your solution to the problem should help you to develop a focus for your essay, but keep in mind that you do not need to have a solid argument about your text at this point. As you continue to think about the text, you will move closer to a focus and a thesis for your critical analysis essay. Don't: read the author's mind: Mary Shelley intended Frankenstein's monster to be more likable because... Do: phrase it as your own interpretation: Frankenstein's monster is more sympathetic than his creator, leading the reader to question who the true monster really is.

Conducting Research

• Books, articles from scholarly journals, magazine articles, newspaper articles, and trustworthy websites are some sources that you might consider using.
• Use your library’s databases rather than a general internet search. University libraries subscribe to many databases. These databases provide you with free access to articles and other resources that you cannot usually gain access to by using a search engine.

• The author and his or her credentials. Choose sources that include an author’s name and that provide credentials for that author. The credentials should indicate something about why this person is qualified to speak as an authority on the subject. For example, an article about a medical condition will be more trustworthy if the author is a medical doctor. If you find a source where no author is listed or the author does not have any credentials, then this source may not be trustworthy. [5] X Research source
• Citations. Think about whether or not this author has adequately researched the topic. Check the author’s bibliography or works cited page. If the author has provided few or no sources, then this source may not be trustworthy. [6] X Research source
• Bias. Think about whether or not this author has presented an objective, well-reasoned account of the topic. How often does the tone indicate a strong preference for one side of the argument? How often does the argument dismiss or disregard the opposition’s concerns or valid arguments? If these are regular occurrences in the source, then it may not be a good choice. [7] X Research source (Note, however, that literary criticism often presents a very strong preference for one reading; this is not usually considered "bias" because the field of literary study is inherently subjective.) Don't: dismiss an author for favoring one point of view. Do: engage critically with their argument and make use of well-supported claims.
• Publication date. Think about whether or not this source presents the most up to date information on the subject. Noting the publication date is especially important for scientific subjects, since new technologies and techniques have made some earlier findings irrelevant. [8] X Research source
• Information provided in the source. If you are still questioning the trustworthiness of this source, cross check some of the information provided against a trustworthy source. If the information that this author presents contradicts one of your trustworthy sources, then it might not be a good source to use in your paper. [9] X Research source

• Clearly indicate when you have quoted a source word for word by putting it into quotation marks and including information about the source such as the author’s name, article or book title, and page number. Don't: highlight a phrase just because it sounds significant or meaningful. Do: highlight phrases that support or undermine your arguments.

Writing Your Essay

• Make sure your thesis provides enough detail. In other words, avoid simply saying that something is "good" or "effective" and say what specifically makes it "good" or "effective." [12] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source
• Place your thesis statement at the end of your first paragraph unless your instructor tells you to place it elsewhere. The end of the first paragraph is the traditional place to provide your thesis in an academic essay.
• For example, here is a multi-sentence thesis statement about the effectiveness and purpose of the movie Mad Max: Fury Road : "Many action films follow the same traditional pattern: a male action hero (usually white and attractive) follows his gut and barks orders at others, who must follow him or die. Mad Max: Fury Road is effective because it turns this pattern on its head. Instead of following the expected progression, the movie offers an action movie with multiple heroes, many of whom are women, thereby effectively challenging patriarchal standards in the Hollywood summer blockbuster." Don't: include obvious facts ( Mad Max was directed by George Miller ) or subjective opinions ( Mad Max is the greatest movie of 2015 ). [13] X Trustworthy Source University of North Carolina Writing Center UNC's on-campus and online instructional service that provides assistance to students, faculty, and others during the writing process Go to source Do: present an argument that you can back up with evidence.

• You may want to use a formal outline structure that uses Roman numerals, Arabic numerals, and letters. Or, you may want to use an informal "mind-map" type of outline, which allows you to gather your ideas before you have a complete idea of how they progress.

• Other good techniques to open an essay include using a specific, evocative detail that links to your larger idea, asking a question that your essay will answer, or providing a compelling statistic.

• If you are writing about a book, provide the name of the work, the author, and a brief summary of the plot.
• If you are writing about a film, provide a brief synopsis.
• If you are writing about a painting or other still image, provide a brief description for your readers.
• Keep in mind that your background information in the first paragraph should lead up to your thesis statement. Explain everything the reader needs to know to understand what your topic is about, then narrow it down until you reach the topic itself.

• Provide a claim at the beginning of the paragraph.
• Support your claim with at least one example from your primary source(s).
• Support your claim with at least one example from your secondary sources.

• Summarize and review your main ideas about the text.
• Explain how the topic affects the reader.
• Explain how your narrow topic applies to a broader theme or observation.
• Call the reader to action or further exploration on the topic.
• Present new questions that your essay introduced. Don't: repeat the same points you made earlier in the essay. Do: refer back to earlier points and connect them into a single argument.

Revising Your Essay

• It is important to begin writing a paper far enough ahead of time to allow yourself a few days or even a week to revise before it is due. If you do not allow yourself this extra time, you will be more prone to making simple mistakes and your grade may suffer as a result. [16] X Research source

• What is your main point? How might you clarify your main point?
• Who is your audience? Have you considered their needs and expectations?
• What is your purpose? Have you accomplished your purpose with this paper?
• How effective is your evidence? How might your strengthen your evidence?
• Does every part of your paper relate back to your thesis? How might you enhance these connections?
• Is anything confusing about your language or organization? How might your clarify your language or organization?
• Have you made any errors with grammar, punctuation, or spelling? How can you correct these errors?
• What might someone who disagrees with you say about your paper? How can you address these opposing arguments in your paper? [17] X Research source

• If you are submitting your paper online or through email, check with your teacher or professor to find out what format s/he prefers. If you have used any textual formatting in your paper, you may wish to save it as a PDF file to preserve your formatting.

Sample Essays

Community Q&A

• Ask a friend, family member or other acquaintance to proofread and make constructive comments on your paper. Professional writers go through several drafts of their work and you should expect to do the same. Thanks Helpful 9 Not Helpful 0
• It is often easier to write a rough introduction and proceed with the rest of the paper before returning to revise the introduction. If you're feeling lost on how to introduce your paper, write a placeholder introduction. Thanks Helpful 8 Not Helpful 1
• Write in your own voice. It is better to correctly use the words you know than to misuse the words you do not know in an attempt to sound scholarly. Thanks Helpful 6 Not Helpful 1

• Make sure to cite all of your research including quotations, statistics and theoretical concepts as accurately as possible. When in doubt, err on the side of citing more rather than less, since failing to cite your research can result in a charge of plagiarism. Thanks Helpful 6 Not Helpful 2
• Papers written at the last minute suffer from logic gaps and poor grammar. Remember that your teacher has read hundreds, if not thousands of student papers, and as such, can tell when you've written a paper at the last minute. Thanks Helpful 6 Not Helpful 2

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://uwc.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/UWC_handouts_readingessayprompts.pdf
• ↑ http://www.sussex.ac.uk/s3/?id=122
• ↑ http://www2.southeastern.edu/Academics/Faculty/elejeune/critique.htm
• ↑ https://guides.lib.uw.edu/research/faq/reliable
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/553/03/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/673/1/
• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/thesis-statements/
• ↑ https://www.irsc.edu/students/academicsupportcenter/researchpaper/researchpaper.aspx?id=4294967433
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/engagement/2/2/58/
• ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/561/05/

About This Article

To write a critical essay, develop a thesis that expresses your essay's main focus and states an arguable claim. Next, write an introduction that gives a basic overview of your paper and introduces your thesis. Then, create paragraphs that discuss your specific ideas, focusing on one main idea per paragraph. Be sure to start each paragraph with a claim and use examples from primary and secondary sources to support that claim. Finally, create a conclusion that summarizes your main points. For tips on outlining and revising your paper, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay: Examples & Guide

A critical analysis essay is an academic paper that requires a thorough examination of theoretical concepts and ideas. It includes a comparison of facts, differentiation between evidence and argument, and identification of biases.

Crafting a good paper can be a daunting experience, but it will be much easier if you have the right approach. In this guide by our custom writing team, you will find:

• Different types of critical analysis;
• Best ways to structure your essay;
• Two excellent critical analysis essay examples.
• 📝 Critical Analysis Definition
• ✍️ Writing Guide
• ✅ Critical Analysis Types
• 📑 Examples & Tips

📝 What Is a Critical Analysis?

Criticism is the process of appraising things such as works of art and literature. It comes from the word meaning “able to make judgments”. A critical analysis essay is often referred to as a critical thinking essay, critical response paper, critical evaluation essay, and summary and response essay.

When we hear the word “criticism,” we often associate it with negative judgments. However, to criticize doesn’t necessarily mean to find faults. Even though criticism involves active disagreement, it strives to understand the meaning further and evaluate its efficiency. We call it constructive criticism .

In other words, critical analysis is an evaluation of a piece of work that promotes its better understanding . Have a look at this comparison and see what critical analysis is and what it isn’t:

Aside from art and literature, critical analysis is often used in theoretical research, nursing, and social work. In any of these areas, you have an opportunity to exercise your critical faculties.

Analysis in Writing: Definition & Examples

Analysis is a step you take before writing any paper. It’s aimed at evaluating and interpreting the sources. To do it, you break them down and study them in detail. You can learn more from this article on critical analysis by Southeastern Louisiana University .

In the following table, we’ve compiled several forms of analysis in writing and illustrated each type with a topic example:

What Is the Difference between Summary and Analysis?

Students often confuse analysis with summary and get a lower grade as a result. Here is how two notions differ. A summary is a brief restatement of the text’s main points that involves paraphrasing. An analysis is a detailed examination of the evidence that uncovers something new.

Check out this comparison to understand the difference better:

✍️ How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay

Now, we will show you the steps to writing a critical analysis with examples to guide you through this process. Keep in mind that the purpose of your critical analysis paper is to help readers understand a subject to a full extent.

Critical analysis consists of two stages: critical reading and critical writing. Read on to learn more about them.

Critical Reading Examples & Definition

Critical reading a technique that involves discovering and evaluating the text’s meaning and incorporating it into what you already know. It’s the first stage of critical analysis.

According to Cleveland State University, critical reading occurs after you’ve skimmed the research material and decided where to focus your efforts. While you are reading, use the following techniques to stay on track:

• Determine the central claim and identify how it is argued;
• Look for the large patterns that give purpose, order, and meaning to arguments;
• Contextualize the text within an original historical, political, or religious context;
• Distinguish the kinds of reasoning and methodology the text employs;
• Examine the evidence;
• Recognize manipulations.

When it comes to recognizing manipulations, authors use three persuasive appeals to convince their readers of something: ethos , pathos , and logos .

Now, let’s apply the critical reading techniques to an actual text:

The death estimates during the US invasions of Tokyo were exaggerated by a factor of ten to twenty. The wartime casualty estimates were based on inaccurate assumptions. The data was not updated to exclude the civilians’ deaths and justify the strategic decision to drop off an atomic bomb.

• What is the text saying?  US bombs killed up to two million people.
• What is the text doing?  The death estimates were exaggerated to downplay the casualties and emphasize the importance of dropping the atomic bomb.

When you are able to recognize these persuasive modes in your reading, you can master them in writing.

What Is Critical Writing: Definition & Techniques

Critical writing is a process of commenting on another piece of work using several writing strategies. It is the second stage of critical analysis.

Want to know how to write critically? Have a look at the following tips:

• Take a critical stance: recognize that every text comes from a perspective and is subject to interpretation.
• Pay close attention: look not only for the facts but also for explanations.
• Think big picture : put your sources in context with the time it was written.
• Bring yourself in: consider the connections between several texts and add your own perspective.

When it comes to the critical writing, certain strategies can be beneficial. Yet, others are better to avoid. We’ve compiled the most important dos and don’ts in the table below:

Want to learn more? Check out our article on critical writing .

Critical Analysis Essay Topics: How to Choose

Now that you’ve learned about critical analysis, there is a big question to answer: how do you choose the topic for your essay? It might require using a specific strategy to make the right choice.

Many students find it helpful to have a list of critical thinking questions to answer while brainstorming. We’ve prepared them for you:

• Theme : How well does the author approach the central theme? Are the arguments strong enough?
• Organization : Is this piece of work well-structured and easy to follow?
• Audience : Who is the audience? Are there any manipulations the author is using to persuade the reader?
• Tone : Is there a specific tone used by the author throughout their work? How does it affect the reader?
• Bias and informational gaps : Does the author look at their work from several angles? Are there any contradicting arguments or missing information?
• Word choice : Does the author invent new words? Is the vocabulary serious or silly, casual or technical? How does it affect the overall writing?
• Logos : Does the author use logic to prove their point?
• Ethos : Does the author have any proof of their credibility? Do they claim to be an expert? In what ways is the reader’s trust gained?
• Pathos : Does the author use emotion to connect with the reader? Does the writing appeal to common beliefs and values?

Answering these questions will help you with deciding on critical thinking essay topics. If you want some additional inspiration, feel free to use our topic generator .

Critical Analysis Template

After carefully analyzing all of your sources, you can start writing your first draft using our critical analysis template. Use this outline to structure your essay and to ensure your arguments are related to your thesis.

How to Start a Critical Analysis Essay

To create an outstanding opening paragraph, you may want to start it with a hook. It can be a quote from your source or a rhetorical question. Be sure to make it catchy so that it will grab your reader’s attention.

After you’re done with the hook, write the following:

• the work’s title and some background information,
• an outline of the main ideas from your sources,
• your thesis statement.

Here are two introduction examples for your inspiration:

What happens when there is a considerable wage gap between the upper and middle classes? The unsurprising reality forces poor people to use credit cards to pay off their debt. Credit card industries collect interest from those who can’t pay off their debt right away.

A romantic novel Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is about overcoming social stereotypes in the name of love. Its main character, Elizabeth Bennet, has to fight against her discrimination against wealthy men like Mr. Darcy to find love and be happy.

Critical Analysis Essay: Thesis

A thesis statement is what you are aiming to prove. Ideally, it should be the first thing you write because every other part of your critical analysis paper will be connected to it.

To create a strong thesis statement, you want to start with a broader idea of what you would like to critique. Then, you narrow it down. Choose a debatable thesis so you can back it up with evidence from your sources and anchor your entire paper around it.

The examples below will help you write your essay’s thesis:

People in positions of power are less likely to recognize the social injustice than marginalized groups of the civilian population.

In a 1989 American superhero film Batman, Tim Burton subverts the concept of heroism by refraining Batman from murder and making him morally ambiguous.

Critical Analysis Essays: Summary and Response

The body paragraphs of a critical essay consist of your source’s summary and a response with arguments.

A summary should present specific facts from your source to help your reader understand your arguments better. You can use these sentence starters to structure a summary:

• The book is about…
• The theme of the article is…
• The author argues that…
• The author concludes…
• The main character is…
• The main points are…

The main plot of Elizabeth Bennet’s plan to save her family from poverty intersects with stereotypes that romantic love and marriage don’t go together. She does not accept a marriage proposal from Mr. Darcy because she does not want to be walking proof that women marry for money. The rejected proposal leads Darcy to open up and change Elizabeth’s perception of him.

A response should present your main arguments that support your thesis statement. Each argument is a sub-thesis that connects to your central thesis. It’s crucial to discuss each point in detail and prove it with strong evidence.

Your arguments should be:

• clear, informative, and persuasive;
• well-researched and backed up with solid evidence;
• connected to your thesis.

At first, Elizabeth Bennet sees Mr. Darcy only as a powerful man with wealth and high social status. For her, he represents a marriage of convenience that she is so desperately trying to fight against. After Mr. Darcy attempts to separate Jane and Bingley, Elizabeth gets proof for her ideas about powerful men who do everything in their power to destroy a loving relationship for a better financial suit.

Critical Essay Outline: Conclusion

The final stage of essay writing is to ensure you have proven your arguments. The goal of your conclusion is to remind the reader of your thesis and the essay’s main points. You may also want to leave them with some final statements for consideration.

Keep in mind that the concluding paragraph is not a place to introduce new evidence. Instead, you can do the following:

• Restate your thesis;
• Summarize your main ideas;
• Talk about the work’s overall performance or outcome;
• Identify potential opportunities for further research or investigation.

Elizabeth Bennet struggles with the societal association of marriage with financial stability. Eventually, she marries a rich man, Mr. Darcy, but she marries him for love rather than his money and social status. Her pride and prejudice towards him were destroyed by his acts of kindness and true love. Their relationship had a rough start, but both of them could get their happy ending by breaking out of old beliefs and habits.

✅ Types of Critical Analysis

Choosing the correct type of analysis will help you stay on track with your research objectives. It will give you the anchor to develop your essay around in a systematic manner.

Critical analysis can be categorized into 4 main types:

• Literary analysis gives a critical evaluation of a literary text.
• Article analysis reflects upon arguments presented in an article.
• Media analysis essay interprets messages conveyed through visual media, music, or radio.
• Cultural analysis interprets cultural phenomena and practices.

Literary Analysis: Definition & Characteristics

Literary analysis is an argument that expresses one’s critical evaluation of a poem, novel, short story, or play. A critique of literature has the same characteristics as other types of critical essays. The difference is the kind of information you can include in this type of essay.

Here’s how to analyze literature:

You will find more interesting info in our article on literary analysis essays .

How to Write an Analysis of an Article

Critical analysis of an article aims to analyze the writing strategies and techniques an author uses to develop their argument. The process is a little different than persuading the reader to accept a particular point of view. Here is a sample outline:

Critical Film Analysis: Types & How to Write

Film analysis goes beyond the plot structure and includes composition elements such as camera work, lighting, costume choices, etc. After watching the film at least twice, you can select what type of film analysis you will be performing. Check out the types and see what they’re about:

• Semiotic analysis involves interpretation of signs and symbols within a film.
• Narrative analysis examines the story the film seeks to tell.
• Historical analysis is an examination of a film’s relationship to a cultural or historical context.
• Mise-en-scène analysis is an analysis of compositional elements used in a scene or a single shot.

Once you’ve chosen a topic, use this outline to guide you through the writing process:

You can learn more from our article on film analysis .

How to Write a Cultural Analysis Essay

Critical analysis essay refers to your comment upon one specific cultural aspect that works or doesn’t work in a society. After you’ve chosen a topic for your cultural analysis paper, you can start drafting your outline. Here is how the structure of this kind of paper differs from others:

Critical Analysis Essay Topics

• Critical analysis of qualitative research article.
• Rhetorical analysis of articles on qualitative studies in healthcare.
• American Exodus by James N. Gregory: Rhetorical Analysis. 
• Critical analysis of religion and faith .
• Analyze the sonnet My Mistress’ Eyes by W. Shakespeare .
• Critical essay on issues of cognitive neuroscience.
• A Doll House as an example of feminist literature: rhetorical analysis.
• Conduct a comparative critical analysis of Judaism and Christianity.
• Rhetorical analysis of an Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf .  
• Semantic meaning of The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath .
• Critical evaluation of Seligman articles.
• Analyze psychological literature based on A Clean, Well-Lighted Place by E. Hemingway.
• Rhetorical analysis of literary devices and expressive means in A Good Man Is Hard to Find .
• Analyze the characteristic features of drama using the example of Death of a Salesman .
• Critical analysis of the most popular business strategies .
• Discuss the problem of childhood obesity in Active Living by Van Kann.
• Analyze IT strategies and planning.  
• Critical analysis of a controversial art using the example of Home by Yann Arthus-Bertrand.
• Emotional impact of comedy films.
• Rhetorical analysis of Sophocles’ Antigone as an example of Greek drama.
• Influence of Socrate’s philosophy on the ancient Greek playwrights.  
• Critical analysis of Sophocles’ plays.
• Different sets of values in Everyday Use by A. Walker .
• Analysis of corporate crimes using the example of Lehman Brothers’ scandal.
• Critical analysis of a scientific article based on Nursing Pain Management .
• Different interpretations of A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor.
• Critical analysis of Longinus’ idea of sublime .
• The importance of a teacher’s role in Freedom Writers .
• Critical analysis of the efficiency of CBT.
• Rhetorical analysis of an article on a proactive care program.
• The concept of emotional intelligence: critical analysis.  
• Evaluate implementation of Windsome’s risk management strategy to enhance the company’s response to stress.
• The importance of symbolism in Truman Capote’s Breakfast at Tiffany’s .  
• Critical analysis of Thomas Paine’s pamphlets.
• Rhetorical techniques used in Hamlet by W. Shakespeare .
• In-depth analysis of the modern world’s social issues in The Handmaid’s Tale .
• Social messages in Robinson’s and Kincaid’s stories.  
• Analysis of rhetorical strategies used in Dwellings by Linda Hogan.
• Critical analysis of issues elucidated in A Loss for Words by J. Thurman.  
• Discuss the problems of alienation and perception in The Things They Carried .

📑 Critical Analysis Essay Examples & Bonus Tips

The following writing tips will help you understand how to apply your critical thinking skills in practice and write an excellent critical essay on your own.

Critical Essay Format & Free Samples

Looking for some tips on how to format your paper? This section reflects the latest guidelines for citing your sources with the latest APA 7th and MLA 9th publication manuals.

Before you dive into writing your critical analysis paper, get inspired with some compelling essay examples. The first is a film analysis example. You can download the PDF file below:

The Birds  by Alfred Hitchcock is a thriller that derives its suspense from the violence which stands on the borderline with divine retribution. The birds of the film are the symbol of the said violence and primary actors that contribute to the semiotic revelations of the film.

The following critical analysis essay is concerned with a literary work. You can download it below:

Feminism has been influential in various aspects of society for many decades. With the beginning of women’s emancipation, humanity has progressed not only in political and social life but also in science, culture, and literary studies. A feminist standpoint in literature research points to the limited portrayal of the characters in literary works, which showed the world mainly from a patriarchal perspective.

Here’s the list of critical analysis essay examples. You can check them out to get a better understanding of critical analysis and to gain some inspiration.

• Managing Business Risks: A Critical Analysis
• Nursing Skills for Palliative Care: A Critical Analysis
• Critical Analysis of Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research
• Nighthawks by Edward Hopper: Critical Analysis
• Roosevelt and Obama: Critical Analysis of Two Speeches
• “The Love of My Life” by T. C. Boyle Critical Analysis
• Nursing Education-Practice Gap: Critical Analysis
• Affordable Care Act: A Critical Analysis
• Mother Tongue by Amy Tan: Critical Analysis

Bonus Tips: Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is the process of conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating information. It is about careful reasoning directed to a goal. The main components of this process include observing, wondering, imagining, experimenting, judging, and deciding.

This type of thinking is instrumental in conducting a critical analysis. To succeed at it, you need to be attentive, confident, and open-minded. Below are some questions that you can ask yourself while thinking critically:

• Why are you being told this?
• What are you not being told?
• Who is telling you this?
• How reliable is this information?
• Are there any manipulations involved?
• How else can you analyze the same material?

Critical thinking is a skill that develops with time and effort. However, you may encounter barriers that can prevent you from making accurate judgments. The following tips will help you overcome them:

• Step back from your personal feelings and biases
• Look for different ways to examine the data
• Check your sources for reliability
• Do your best to detect manipulations in arguments
• Always conceptualize what you are reading
• Challenge your worldview

Want to learn more? Feel free to check out our article on critical thinking essays .

Now you know everything necessary to write a perfect critical analysis essay. Feel free to share this article or leave a comment!

Further reading

• How to Write a Critique Paper: Tips + Critique Essay Examples
• How to Write an Art Critique: Examples & Strategies
• How to Write an Analysis Essay: Examples + Writing Guide
• How to Write a Book Review: Format, Outline, & Example
• How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay: Outline, Steps, & Examples

❓ Critical Analysis Essay FAQs

When analyzing any literary text, it is essential to evaluate the work and use the theme to support your opinion. The response’s goal is to show the reader what the selection of the source and the theme means to you personally.

The purpose of a response to a literature essay is to inform your reader about something interesting and insightful you found in a literary work. It may focus on the characters, plot, or theme of the story.

In a critical essay, choose the formal language and avoid using “I” statements. Focus on the piece you are analyzing, its strengths, and weaknesses. Using the first-person singular will take away the reader’s attention from your argument to you.

A critical source is a source that interprets, analyzes, critiques, and adds to the discussion of the primary source. It is then integrated into critical writing. The best critical sources can be found through library catalogs and scholarly databases.

🔍 References

• Critical Analysis: University of Wollongong
• Some Suggestions on Critically Evaluating Your Reading in History: Carleton College
• Criticism and Critical Analysis: Kansas State University
• Resources for Writers: Analytical Writing: Drew University
• Critical Thinking and Writing: University of Kent
• Writing Critical Essays about Literature: Gallaudet University
• Film Analysis: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Cultural Critique: Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
• Writing a Critical or Rhetorical Analysis: Bellevue College
• Writing Critical Analysis Papers: University of Washington
• Critical Analysis Template: Thompson Rivers University
• Writing Effective Summary and Response Essays: Colorado State University
• Rhetorical/Critical Analysis: Houston Community College
• Writing Critical Reviews: Queen’s University
• General APA Guidelines: Purdue University
• Using MLA Format: MLA.org
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How to Write a Critical Essay

Video lesson on how to write a critical essay.

After watching our informative video on YouTube, you will feel more confident about critical essay writing. Learn more about the critical essay outline, format, and how to follow the core academic standards. You will also find a list of great topics for your critical essay in our video lesson.

If you decide that you need more information about essays, you can consider reading the book “Essay Becomes Easy. Part II” that you can find on Amazon. In the book, you will find detailed guides on writing for seven different types of essays with two samples of each kind of paper, valuable checklists, secrets and tips, and much more.

What is a critical essay

What do you think about when you hear the phrase “critical essay?” Most students associate the concept of a critical essay with the negative opinion about the creator and their creation, but that is only half-true. The critical analysis definition may be formulated as an academic paper designed to understand a certain written work. To speak as a professional essay writer , the adjective “critical” should be replaced by the term “evaluative” and be perceived both in a positive and negative meaning.

Essays of such types are usually subjective considering the text that usually stands behind them to provide personal opinions. Of course, this means a backed-up opinion, and not just saying you didn’t like the book.

Critical essay structure

You will notice that the structure for a critical essay is slightly different from a traditional 5-paragraph essay structure. Still, you should follow the three part structure, which includes the introduction with the thesis statement, the body and the conclusion.

Let’s take a closer look at the details of writing of each part.

Background information. This is the obligatory part when you state the purpose of your work mentioning in the topic and sometimes why you decided to choose this topic. Information about the work. The main feature of a critical essay is the absence of intrigue. In other words, from the very beginning you must indicate basic information about the subject of your critical evaluation, such as the title, author, publication information, statement of topic and purpose.

Summary. This part marks the beginning of the main body of the essay. If you want to draw parallels with the more tradition perception of essay structure. The summary is the fundamental part of the critical analysis. This part proves that you have completed at least part of a task – you have read, or seen or listened to the subject. Furthermore, it proves that you considered and analyzed the received information.

Interpretation. Finally the part for the sake of which everything was started. Your personal subject interpretation and honest opinions, whether they are negative or positive. Possible themes that may be addressed are the organization of the work, style of the work, the meaning pledged in work, and the methods and effectiveness of appealing to a particular audience.

Conclusion. Summarize all of your ideas. However, check if this part matches the introduction regarding ideas and arguments, as well as the general tone of the essay.

Stages of writing a critical essay

We have around eight stages of writing a critical essay. Here we go.

• The choice. Think about the text, article, film, piece of musical play you want to analyze from a critical point. Be sure that you are totally informed about it before you start writing. It means that you should be familiar with the original, not just some reviews or critical essays written by others.
• Critical reading. Pay attention that in this case the reading is used in a much wider context determined by the object of analysis.
• Annotation. Note moments that cause you to be concerned or to take a critical look and include some questions that arise in a process of reading.
• Preparation of future references. Search some relevant incredible materials to make your arguments sound more convincing.
• The body writing. Start with the main and the most responsible part. Do no forget that each paragraph must correspond with one single point, for or against the thesis.
• Summarizing. As you can see the stranger elements have not concluded in the previous step. But it is true, before writing the introduction, it is better to create a concluding part that sums up all the points and the argument.
• The actual beginning. The introduction is written last to to make sure that it will respond to all of what you have said throughout the text.
• Proofreading. The final step – reading, correction, edition, checking one more time, checking one more time again and your critical essay is done!

Critical essay topics

Now to give you a couple of ideas, we have prepared a list of good topics to choose while writing a critical essay.

• A place of women in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s literature
• The concepts of families in Ancient Greek literature
• The innocence and the evil in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird
• The role of Willy Loman in Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman
• “True love” in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice
• The “real monster” of Mary W. Shelley’s Frankenstein
• The hidden meaning in the paintings of René Magritte
• Pop-up ads in web advertising
• Suicide in the works of Émile Durkheim
• Mass media liberal bias
• Eyewitness memory to recall a crime is infallible
• Economic development since 1950
• Lost Generation: cause and benefits
• United Nations and the environment
• Criticizing Donald Trump’s inauguration speech

Mistakes to avoid while writing a critical essay

The biggest mistake with which even the most experienced writers are faced is the fear of a blank list. You do not know what to write first and make a big mistake — you stop trying to write. Remember, it does not matter where you start: most importantly, do not stop writing and do not worry about style and spelling.

• Do not use a strong language or repetition, it will be enough to support the claims with evidence without excessive emotions.
• Do not appeal to the current fashion in the thoughts. Note that an effective critical essay should address the reader’s sentiments and logical thoughts.
• Avoid making points that do not reveal your opinion fully: however, remember that even such statements should be argumentative enough.
• Do not use informal language while writing academic papers. In spite of the fact that a critical essay is a subjective type of paper, the style of language should be argumentative enough to defend the position.
• Do not omit the direct quotes from the original text and relevant papers. The main mistake that accompanies this one is the use of unreliable and sources that do not meet the criteria to be up-to-date.
• Do not use too many negative sentences. You should remember that a critical essay does not equate to a negatively colored essay — it can be positive as any other type of essay writing.
• Do not replace the thesis and arguments with facts, data, and other sources of evidence. Avoid a weak thesis statement that only states the broad opinion. For example, the sentence “The Great Gatsby is a great example of American literature” is weak, while “The Great Gatsby captures the essence of America’s Jazz Age in its decadence, materialism and ultimately, its tragic emptiness” emphasizes the main idea of the future paper and is specific enough. Using new material in the conclusion is one more mistake that writers should try to avoid.

Now that you have acquainted with the definition of the critical essay, it’s structure, tips of writing and what mistakes to avoid, you can check out your essay once again to be sure that it will be the best it can be and deserves an excellent grade.

Critical essay writing checklist

Here is a critical essay writing checklist.

– Is there an introduction with an attention gatherer that grabs the interest of the audience? Is the thesis statement clearly stated and described as well? – Ask whether the main points reflected by the topic sentences are supported with concrete and detailed examples. Do the main points relate to the thesis directly? – Are topic sentences clear and do all of them relate to the thesis? Do the rest parts of the body paragraphs support each of the topic sentences? Is there enough evidence, which means that there is no need for additional examples or details? – Think whether the examples you have used were the best. What are the weaknesses of your examples? Are there any ambiguities? – What are the strengths and weaknesses of your arguments? Were the arguments clear? – Is there logic in the presentation of ideas through the whole paper? Check whether transitions are used appropriately, vary with structure, and are not limited to their usage only in the topic sentence. – Check the balance between descriptive and critical elements of writing. Do not forget that a critical essay is not a retelling of a book, so ask yourself whether this essay is your analysis, your interpretation, and your presentation of the ability to think critically. – Does the conclusion make sense? Does the conclusion have a distinct ending rather than simply an abrupt stop? – Is your critical essay free from wordiness, clichés, and gender or race biased language? Does the text contain an appropriate vocabulary, and use active over passive voice?

Read this great critical essay sample and see the core aspects

After reading the article above, we hope that you already have a vision of the main peculiarities of critical essays. In addition, we recommend you go through this critical essay example, and also check this perfect critical essay sample.

Critical Essay – The Innocence and the Evil in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird

When it comes to the moral character of characters in To Kill a Mockingbird , the focus is on the question of whether or not people are fundamentally good or wicked. By dramatizing Scout and Jem’s transition from a perspective of childhood innocence, in which they assume that people are good because they have never seen evil, to a more adult perspective, in which they have confronted evil and must incorporate it into their understanding of the world, the novel approaches this question. Tom Robinson and Boo Radley, two innocent characters, are devastated because they are unprepared for the evil that they face because of their lack of knowledge of prejudice, intolerance, and ignorance (Lee). This is one of the book’s most prominent subthemes. Even Jem is a victim of his own awareness of the evils of racism during the trial. Jem’s confidence in justice and humanity has been severely wounded, and he sinks into despair. Scout, on the other hand, is able to preserve her basic faith in human nature in the face of Tom’s conviction (Lee).

Scout loses her innocence to varying degrees as she learns from the grownups in her life. As she looks up to her father, Atticus Finch, the most, she picks up many life lessons from him. She also learns a lot from her instructor, Miss Caroline, early on in the story about how the adult world operates (Lee). Scout learns a lot from Boo Radley in the story, and he plays a big part in that.

The mockingbird becomes a symbol of innocence in this narrative of innocent victims of wickedness. Therefore, it is wrong to murder a mockingbird. It is common knowledge that several characters in the novel may be recognized as mockingbirds, innocents who have been harmed or destroyed by evil. According to Mr. Underwood, once Tom Robinson is shot, he compares his death to “the mindless murder of songbirds,” and towards the end of the book Scout believes that injuring Boo Radley is like “shootin’ a mockingbird” (Lee). In addition to this, Miss Maudie informs Scout that “Mockingbirds don’t do anything except singing their hearts out for us,” as she puts it (Lee). Killing a mockingbird is thus a sin. They are particularly susceptible in the prejudiced society of Maycomb, which frequently treats the pure innocence of infancy severely because Jem and Scout have the last name Finch.

It is a good indicator of how far they have progressed from childlike innocence to mature morality. Until the end of the novel, Boo is nothing more than a source of childish superstition. They begin to see him as a real person when he leaves them gifts and fixes Jem’s clothes. The fact that he becomes totally human to Scout at the conclusion of the book shows how much she has grown as a person as sympathetic and understanding (Lee). It is difficult for Atticus to convey to his children that the world is not always fair, but he does his best. Atticus teaches Scout and Jem to treat all people with respect, even though most of the town harbors racist views toward African Americans (Lee). Boo is one of the book’s most significant mockingbirds; he is also a representation of the goodness that dwells inside individuals. Despite his past trauma, Boo’s interactions with the youngsters are governed by the sincerity of his heart (Lee). Boo shows to be the ultimate emblem of good by protecting Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell.

It is difficult for Atticus to convey to his children that the world is not always fair, but he does his best. Atticus teaches Scout and Jem to treat all people with respect, despite the prejudiced sentiments of the rest of the town.

Works Cited

Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner , 1982. Print.

You often ask us these questions about a critical essay

1. what is a critical essay format.

If you are assigned to write a critical essay, you must follow a particular way of arranging the text. Usually, you must create a paper following one of the three academic formatting styles: APA. MLA, and Chicago/Turabian. Each format has its unique aspects in arranging sources, citations, fonts, paragraphs, and more.

2. How many paragraphs are in a critical essay?

A standard essay of any type must contain at least five paragraphs. Assuming that one of them will be an introduction and the other one will be a conclusion, there are at least three paragraphs left for the body. The optimal number of sections for a critical essay is five to eight.

3. What is the difference between an essay and a critical essay?

Each type of essay has its peculiarities, so each essay is different and cannot be written without considering its core aspects. For a critical essay, exposing strengths and weaknesses of the subject are essential.

4. What skills do you need to write a critical essay?

Among the core skills required to write compelling critical essays are sourcing skills and time-managing skills. A student should know how to present his or her thoughts and arguments. Moreover, formatting and referencing skills are necessary.

Need assistance with a critical essay?

It is obvious that writing numerous papers is a challenging task. Students often require help with voluminous essays. Moreover, to cope with a critical essay, deep sourcing skills and writing experience are required. If you cannot finish a critical paper by yourself, we are here to help you. In addition to useful tips and video lessons, you have an opportunity to order professional help from our writers. By completing the form on our site, you will promptly start getting bids from authors who are proficient in critical writing. Turn to us anytime you need assistance and get qualified solutions.

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How To Write A Critical Analysis Essay With Examples

Declan Gessel

May 4, 2024

A Critical Analysis Essay is a form of academic writing that requires students to extract information and critically analyze a specific topic. The task may seem daunting, but with the right approach, it can become an exciting task. 

Critical Analysis Essays help students improve their analytical skills and foster principles of logic. In this article, we are going to discuss how to write an essay and break it down for you. So sit back, relax, and enjoy the ride!

Table Of Content

What is a critical analysis essay, why the subject of your critical analysis essay is important, 5 reading strategies for critical analysis essay, building the body of your analysis, 5 things to avoid when writing your critical analysis essay, write smarter critical analysis essay with jotbot — start writing for free today.

When you write a critical analysis essay, you move beyond recounting the subject's main points and delve into examining it with a discerning eye. The goal? To form your own insights about the subject, based on the evidence you gather. 

This involves dissecting and contemplating the author's arguments , techniques, and themes while also developing your own critical response. While forming your own conclusions may sound intimidating, it's a key aspect of fine-tuning your critical thinking skills and organizing your thoughts into a cohesive, argumentative response. 

Key Skills in the Craft

This process consists of two key elements: understanding the core components of the subject and forming your own critical response, both supported by evidence. The first part involves grasping the subject's main arguments, techniques, and themes. The second part entails taking that knowledge and constructing your analytical and evaluative response. 

Deconstructing the Subject

In other words, roll up your sleeves and get deep into the subject matter. Start by identifying the author's main point, deconstructing their arguments, examining the structure and techniques they use, and exploring the underlying themes and messages. By engaging with the subject on this level, you'll have a thorough understanding of it and be better prepared to develop your own response. 

The Power of Evidence

Remember that evidence is your secret weapon for crafting a convincing analysis. This means going beyond summarizing the content and instead using specific examples from the subject to support your own arguments and interpretations. Evidence isn't just about facts, either; it can also be used to address the effectiveness of the subject, highlighting both its strengths and weaknesses. 

The Art of Evaluation

Lastly, put your evaluation skills to work. Critically assess the subject's effectiveness, pinpointing its strengths and potential shortcomings. From there, you can offer your own interpretation, supported by evidence from the subject itself. This is where you put everything you've learned about the subject to the test, showcasing your analytical skills and proving your point.

Related Reading

• Argumentative Essay • Essay Format • Expository Essay • Essay Outline • How To Write A Conclusion For An Essay • Transition Sentences • Narrative Essay • Rhetorical Analysis Essay • Persuasive Essay

Let’s delve on the importance of understanding the Work you'll be analyzing:

Main Argument

When diving into a work, one must unravel the central point or message the author is conveying. All other analyses stem from this fundamental point. By identifying and comprehending the main argument, one can dissect the various elements that support it, revealing the author's stance or point of view.

Themes are the underlying concepts and messages explored in the subject matter. By venturing into the depths of themes, one can unravel the layers of meaning within the work. Understanding these underlying ideas not only enriches the analysis but also sheds light on the author's intentions and insights.

Structure & Techniques

Understanding how the work is built - be it a chronological story, persuasive arguments, or the use of figurative language - provides insight into the author's craft. Structure and techniques can influence the way the work is perceived, and by dissecting them, one can appreciate the intricacies of the author's style and the impact it has on the audience.

In critical analysis, understanding the context can add an extra layer of depth to the analysis. Considering the historical, social, or cultural context in which the work was created can provide valuable insights into the author's influences, intentions, and the reception of the work. While not always necessary, contextual analysis can elucidate aspects of the work that might otherwise go unnoticed.

To conduct a comprehensive critical analysis , understanding the work you'll be analyzing is the foundation on which all other interpretations rely. By identifying the main argument, themes, structure, techniques, and context, a nuanced and insightful analysis can be crafted. This step sets the stage for a thorough examination of the work, bringing to light the nuances and complexities that make critical analysis a valuable tool in literary and artistic exploration.

1. Close Reading: Go Deeper Than Skimming

Close reading is a focused approach to reading where you don't just skim the text. Instead, you pay close attention to every word, sentence, and detail. By doing this, you can uncover hidden meanings, themes, and literary devices that you might miss if you were reading too quickly. I recommend underlining or annotating key passages, literary devices, or recurring ideas. This helps you remember these important details later on when you're writing your critical analysis essay.

2. Active Note-Taking to Capture Important Points

When reading a text for a critical analysis essay, it's important to take active notes that go beyond summarizing the plot or main points. Instead, try jotting down the author's arguments, interesting details, confusing sections, and potential evidence for your analysis. These notes will give you a solid foundation to build your essay upon and will help you keep track of all the important elements of the text.

3. Identify Recurring Ideas: Look for Patterns

In a critical analysis essay, it's crucial to recognize recurring ideas, themes, motifs, or symbols that might hold deeper meaning. By looking for patterns in the text, you can uncover hidden messages or themes that the author might be trying to convey. Ask yourself why these elements are used repeatedly and how they contribute to the overall message of the text. By identifying these patterns, you can craft a more nuanced analysis of the text.

4. Consider the Author's Purpose

Authorial intent is an essential concept to consider when writing a critical analysis essay. Think about the author's goals: are they trying to inform, persuade, entertain, or something else entirely? Understanding the author's purpose can help you interpret the text more accurately and can give you insight into the author's motivations for writing the text in the first place.

5.  Question and Analyze your Arguments

In a critical analysis essay, it's important to take a critical approach to the text. Question the author's ideas, analyze the effectiveness of their arguments, and consider different interpretations. By approaching the text with a critical eye, you can craft a more thorough and nuanced analysis that goes beyond a surface-level reading of the text.

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Let’s delve on the essentials of building the body of your analysis: 

Topic Sentence Breakdown: The Purpose of a Strong Topic Sentence

A powerful topic sentence in each paragraph of your critical analysis essay serves as a roadmap for your reader. It tells them the focus of the paragraph, introducing the main point you will explore and tying it back to your thesis. For instance, in an essay about the role of symbolism in "The Great Gatsby," a topic sentence might read, "Fitzgerald's use of the green light symbolizes Gatsby's unattainable dreams, highlighting the theme of the American Dream's illusion."

Evidence Integration: The Significance of Evidence from the Subject

To bolster your arguments, you need to use evidence from the subject you are analyzing. For example, in "To Kill a Mockingbird," when explaining Atticus Finch's moral compass, using a quote like, "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view - until you climb into his skin and walk around in it," can back up your analysis. It proves that the character values empathy and understanding.

Textual Evidence: Integrating Quotes, Paraphrases, or Specific Details

When you quote or paraphrase text, ensure it directly relates to your analysis. For example, when discussing Sylvia Plath's use of imagery in "The Bell Jar," quote, "I saw my life branching out before me like the green fig tree in the story." This paints a vivid picture for readers and helps solidify your point about the protagonist's feelings of entrapment.

Visual Evidence: Analyzing Specific Elements in the Artwork

If you are analyzing a painting, you can use visual details like color, lines, or symbolism as evidence. For instance, if exploring Van Gogh's "Starry Night," you could delve into the calming effect of the swirls in the sky or the stark contrast between the bright stars and the dark village below. This visual evidence helps explain the painting's emotional impact on viewers.

Analysis & Explanation: The Importance of Going Beyond Evidence Presentation

When examining evidence, don't stop at merely presenting it. Analyze how it supports your thesis. For instance, when exploring the role of the conch in "Lord of the Flies," after showing how it represents order, explain how its loss signals the boys' descent into savagery. By unpacking the evidence's meaning, you help readers understand why it matters and how it connects to your overall argument.

• Words To Start A Paragraph • Essay Structure • Types Of Essays • How To Write A Narrative Essay • Synthesis Essay • Descriptive Essay • How To Start Off An Essay • How To Write An Analytical Essay • Write Me A Paragraph • How To Write A Synthesis Essay

1. Avoiding Summary vs. Analysis Pitfalls

When crafting a critical analysis essay, it's crucial not to fall into the trap of merely summarizing the subject without offering your own critical analysis. A summary merely recaps the content, while an analysis breaks down and interprets the subject. If you overlook this vital distinction, your essay will lack the depth and insight that characterize a strong critical analysis. Ensure your critical analysis essay doesn't read like an extended book report.

2. Steering Clear of Weak Thesis Statements

A critical analysis essay lives and dies on the strength of its thesis statement, the central argument that guides your analysis. A weak or vague thesis statement will result in an unfocused essay devoid of direction, leaving readers unclear about your point of view. It's essential to craft a thesis statement that is specific, arguable, and concise, setting the tone for a thoughtful and illuminating analysis.

3. Using Evidence is Key

The use of evidence from the subject matter under analysis is instrumental in substantiating your critical claims. Without evidence to back up your assertions, your analysis will appear unsubstantiated and unconvincing. Be sure to provide detailed examples, quotes, or data from the text under scrutiny to support your analysis. Evidence adds credibility, depth, and weight to your critical analysis essay.

4. The Importance of Clear and Supported Analysis

A successful critical analysis essay goes beyond simply presenting evidence to analyzing its significance and connecting it to your central argument. If your essay lacks clear analysis, readers won't understand the relevance of the evidence you present. Go beyond description to interpret the evidence, explaining its implications and how it supports your thesis. Without this analysis, your essay will lack depth and will not persuade your audience.

5. Addressing Counter Arguments

In a critical analysis essay, it's vital to acknowledge and engage with potential counterarguments. Ignoring opposing viewpoints undermines the credibility of your essay, presenting a one-sided argument that lacks nuance. Addressing counter arguments demonstrates that you understand the complexity of the issue and can anticipate and respond to objections. 

By incorporating counterarguments, you strengthen your analysis and enhance the overall persuasiveness of your critical essay.

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How to Write a Critical Essay

Hill Street Studios / Getty Images

• An Introduction to Punctuation

Olivia Valdes was the Associate Editorial Director for ThoughtCo. She worked with Dotdash Meredith from 2017 to 2021.

• B.A., American Studies, Yale University

A critical essay is a form of academic writing that analyzes, interprets, and/or evaluates a text. In a critical essay, an author makes a claim about how particular ideas or themes are conveyed in a text, then supports that claim with evidence from primary and/or secondary sources.

In casual conversation, we often associate the word "critical" with a negative perspective. However, in the context of a critical essay, the word "critical" simply means discerning and analytical. Critical essays analyze and evaluate the meaning and significance of a text, rather than making a judgment about its content or quality.

What Makes an Essay "Critical"? 

Imagine you've just watched the movie "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory." If you were chatting with friends in the movie theater lobby, you might say something like, "Charlie was so lucky to find a Golden Ticket. That ticket changed his life." A friend might reply, "Yeah, but Willy Wonka shouldn't have let those raucous kids into his chocolate factory in the first place. They caused a big mess."

These comments make for an enjoyable conversation, but they do not belong in a critical essay. Why? Because they respond to (and pass judgment on) the raw content of the movie, rather than analyzing its themes or how the director conveyed those themes.

On the other hand, a critical essay about "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory" might take the following topic as its thesis: "In 'Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory,' director Mel Stuart intertwines money and morality through his depiction of children: the angelic appearance of Charlie Bucket, a good-hearted boy of modest means, is sharply contrasted against the physically grotesque portrayal of the wealthy, and thus immoral, children."

This thesis includes a claim about the themes of the film, what the director seems to be saying about those themes, and what techniques the director employs in order to communicate his message. In addition, this thesis is both supportable  and  disputable using evidence from the film itself, which means it's a strong central argument for a critical essay .

Characteristics of a Critical Essay

Critical essays are written across many academic disciplines and can have wide-ranging textual subjects: films, novels, poetry, video games, visual art, and more. However, despite their diverse subject matter, all critical essays share the following characteristics.

• Central claim . All critical essays contain a central claim about the text. This argument is typically expressed at the beginning of the essay in a thesis statement , then supported with evidence in each body paragraph. Some critical essays bolster their argument even further by including potential counterarguments, then using evidence to dispute them.
• Evidence . The central claim of a critical essay must be supported by evidence. In many critical essays, most of the evidence comes in the form of textual support: particular details from the text (dialogue, descriptions, word choice, structure, imagery, et cetera) that bolster the argument. Critical essays may also include evidence from secondary sources, often scholarly works that support or strengthen the main argument.
• Conclusion . After making a claim and supporting it with evidence, critical essays offer a succinct conclusion. The conclusion summarizes the trajectory of the essay's argument and emphasizes the essays' most important insights.

Tips for Writing a Critical Essay

Writing a critical essay requires rigorous analysis and a meticulous argument-building process. If you're struggling with a critical essay assignment, these tips will help you get started.

• Practice active reading strategies . These strategies for staying focused and retaining information will help you identify specific details in the text that will serve as evidence for your main argument. Active reading is an essential skill, especially if you're writing a critical essay for a literature class.
• Read example essays . If you're unfamiliar with critical essays as a form, writing one is going to be extremely challenging. Before you dive into the writing process, read a variety of published critical essays, paying careful attention to their structure and writing style. (As always, remember that paraphrasing an author's ideas without proper attribution is a form of plagiarism .)
• Resist the urge to summarize . Critical essays should consist of your own analysis and interpretation of a text, not a summary of the text in general. If you find yourself writing lengthy plot or character descriptions, pause and consider whether these summaries are in the service of your main argument or whether they are simply taking up space.
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How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay – Complete Guide

Brendaw Waller

June 3, 2024

Read Time: 10 min

What is a critical analysis essay?

Have you ever thought of how to carefully assess a writer’s work and share your opinion about it? Every day, whether we realize it or not, we all critically evaluate many things, like words, actions, ideas, clothing, skills, and more. This is what a critical analysis essay is all about. Let’s explore the simple critical analysis definition: “A critical analysis essay is a type of essay where you carefully examine and evaluate a piece of work, such as a book, movie, article, or artwork.” Instead of just telling what it’s about, you also share your thoughts and judgments. Moreover, you look at what’s good and what’s not, the reasons behind it, and use evidence and facts to explain. It’s like giving a detailed review to help others understand it and make up their minds. In this article, we’ll explain how to write a critical analysis essay, critical analysis topics, and critical analysis essay examples. You can contact our  analytical essay writing service  in case you need any help.

Importance of Critical Analysis Essay

Writing a critical analysis essay is mostly aimed to show that you have a thorough understanding of the process and that you can defend its significance or relevance. Moreover, with the help of a critical analysis essay, both the author and the reader can investigate, question, and comprehend a piece of writing from a more critical and analytical point of view. It’s not just about describing it; it’s about explaining why and how it works well or doesn’t work well.

Critical Analysis Essay Outline

Before moving forward, let’s examine how to start a critical analysis essay. This is an opportunity for you to shine and express your views. We’ve provided you with a thorough critical analysis outline to help you create a proper structure and learn how to use formal language. Pay attention, and you’ll succeed. Here is a detailed critical essay outline.

Introduction

A good critical essay requires a strong introduction. In this section, you should present the topic which you are going to critically analyze in the essay. Then, present a thesis statement and a short preview of your argument. 

Body: Text Analysis, Evaluation and Discussion

Begin by briefly stating all the relevant information regarding the project or event. If it is a book, give a synopsis outlining the details you think are important to your argument. If it’s an occasion, give your audience background knowledge they need to understand your analysis. The goal of writing a critical essay is to express your opinion, not to provide a summary of the book. So, when making your argument, be clear and straightforward. Just use the original work as a source of confirmation. 

Usually, 3 body paragraphs are sufficient to provide a full analysis. Remember that criticism isn’t always negative. Your goal is to raise questions about the validity of the main ideas rather than disagree with the author’s credibility. They may be correct or incorrect. Moreover, it entirely depends on you to make your choice. For instance, you could ask the writer how well they explain concepts, their understanding of the context, and whether their arguments are well-supported. 

Make sure to include a strong conclusion in your writing. Evaluate your position and its significance in this situation, just like you do in a literary analysis essay. Give suggestions for future research. But once more, keep it concise and strong.  

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How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay in 6 Simple Steps?

The critical analysis process has two main components. Both are equally crucial. Reading is the initial part of the process. This project is meant for you to show your understanding of the topic content. Therefore, you need to read and monitor your source text very attentively. The second step is the writing process. Here are some  essay writing tips  that will help you in writing a critical analysis essay. 

Steps to Write a Critical Analysis Essay

Read Carefully

It is a vital phase of writing a critical essay. Before you make any opinion about the topic, you must read thoroughly. Read and reread, watch and rewatch, and learn as much as you can about the topic. During the reading process, pay close attention. Make notes, then go over them to find the key points, the audience, trends, and issues the author is trying to solve. Make a note of what piques your curiosity and look into its relevance. Do research, become aware of opposing ideas, search out textual support for your claim and trustworthy secondary sources, and set the work in the proper context.   Get specific about it. Analyze the data and outline the writing style, arguments, and strategies the author employed. Then, note any inaccuracies that may have been included. 

Choose a Thesis Statement

Before starting writing, choose a thesis statement that will act as a foundation for the rest of your  analytical essay . Your thesis statement ought to claim something about the author’s point of view and writing style. Moreover, it should present an argument that you can support with textual proof; remember, your essay’s purpose is to offer a critique of someone else’s writing.

Writing a Critical Essay

Start your essay with an attractive introductory paragraph. The best introduction often starts with a hook statement. Additionally, the introductory paragraph is concise and concludes with a thesis statement. Be precise. The author’s thesis should not be unclear to the readers. Next, provide context for your audience to better grasp your thesis statement.

After writing an introduction, divide your critical analysis paper into body paragraphs. Each body paragraph’s main goal should be to support your thesis statement, whether that is done by giving background information, getting detailed or giving opposing point of views. Moreover, the number of body paragraphs you require will depend on how long your essay is. Consider each paragraph of your essay body carefully because both the essay’s subject and structure are crucial.

Summarize Your Essay in Conclusion Paragraph

Whether you’re writing an analytical essay for educational purposes or just to make your reading enjoyable for your audience, finish your essay with a paragraph that restates your thesis. Do not introduce any new concept in the conclusion. Instead, it serves as the final section of the whole paper, reminding the audience of your key points and providing some closing thoughts for reflection. 

Proofread Your Critical Analysis Essay

Are you aware of the components that are crucial when writing a critical analysis? Set it aside for a couple of days. Put the paper aside once you’ve finished writing it, take a break, and then go back and examine the thesis statement. You can eventually spot mistakes or ambiguous results. In your critical analysis essay, consider these factors:

• Did you clearly state your thesis statement?
• Is your primary point well defined?
• Does your message connect with the intended people?
• Have you used clear language?
• Did you mention any sources?
• Are your main points supported by solid proof?

The final step in a critical analysis essay is to properly revise the entire essay. Verify that there are no grammatical errors, slang, or wordy statements. 

☑️Reading suggestion:   Synthesis Essay

Helpful Tips for Writing a Critical Essay

Do not start writing at this point! We can offer you a few useful hints. There are a few basic factors that students frequently overlook. But if you want to achieve good grades in assignments, then you must consider them.

Avoid Informal language

Do you know that the use of informal language in critical essays drops your grade? You may make very strong arguments on the writer’s work, but grammatical mistakes, slang, and bad delivery will turn your readers off.  The structure of a critical analysis essay helps authors to express their opinions and establish their legitimacy. You can establish a professional tone and gain the audience’s respect by using formal language. Moreover, it will demonstrate that your review is more than just a blog article. Always remember to proofread your essay thoroughly before submitting it to make sure there are no grammatical issues.

Remember to Cite Your Sources Properly

You cannot just rely on the source material and your own views when writing a critical analysis essay. You will need secondary sources if you want to do in-depth research and make compelling arguments. Remember to properly cite these sources. Writing a critical essay without citing the writers of additional data raises concerns about plagiarism. 

There are numerous different academic reference formats, such as APA, MLA, as well as Chicago. Decide what is required for your assignment, then build citations and quotations around it. 

Target Only the Important Issues 

Remember that it is not your responsibility to paraphrase the original text. You only need to give a brief explanation of the key idea and cite the writer’s work as proof because your audience is already familiar with the subject. 

In  academic writing , it’s easy to lose focus. The critical analysis outline is created to highlight your unique viewpoint. Just pay attention to the main points and essential components. The majority of critical analysis essays are compact literary works. Be succinct and precise when presenting your points.  

Don’t Use First Person Narration

In writing a critical essay, it’s very important to analyze the writer’s work with complete focus. Avoid the use of first person narration. Use third person narration to highlight the benefits and limitations of the author’s point of view. This allows you to evade ‘I’ phrases and express your viewpoint confidently and effectively. Clarify the contrast between the author’s point of view and your own.

Critical Analysis Essay Topics

Below, you’ll see a list of critical analysis topics to help you generate ideas for writing a critical review essay.

• Critical Analysis Topics for College Students
• The impact of social media on political discourse.
• A Critical Analysis of Boarding Schools and Their Influence on Students’ Development
• Cultural stereotypes and their effects
• Analyzing the real-world effects of videogames and violence
• Genetic engineering ethics: dilemmas in gene editing
• Explore artificial intelligence: implementation of AI

Critical Analysis Topics for High School Students

• The Impact of social media on Teenagers’ attitude & behaviour
• Minority representation in film and television
• The moral implications of genetic engineering and how it affects society
• Music’s Impact on young culture and identity
• The effect of video games on behaviour and cognitive development

Critical Essay Analysis Topics Related to Social Media

• Are Facebook’s privacy policies solely American or international?
• Body image issues and Instagram trends.
• Is it appropriate for college students to use social media for research?
• Social media’s significance in preventing pandemic panic spread.
• Is it true that social media takes us away from reality?

Business Management Ideas for Critical Analysis

• Are there any business practices that are unique and are not found elsewhere?
• Changes in business management among the world’s largest firms.
• Are business owners ignoring environmental challenges?
• What defines social responsibility in business management?

Topics About Environment

• The effects of deforestation on ecosystem services and biodiversity.
• A critique of business advocacy for environmental protection and sustainability.
• The effects of climate change on food security and global food systems.
• A review of the viability of renewable energy policy and initiatives.
• A study on the ethical dilemma of using animals in environmental research.

Literature Related Topics for Critical Essays

• The study of how symbolism is used in a particular literary work.
• A critique of how gender roles are portrayed in a famous book.
• The application of irony and foreshadowing in a specific short tale.
• A critical evaluation of the themes of authority and power in certain plays.
• The representation of mental illness in a modern book.
• A study of a particular poem’s usage of metaphor and simile.
• The significance of setting in a specific literature or story.
• A comparison of two modern authors’ writing styles.
• The depiction of racial and ethnic identity in a specific literary work.
• A review of how a particular work uses a narrative point of view.

Topics Related to Movies for Critical Analysis

• A review of how race is portrayed in Oscar Award-winning films.
• The contribution of music to boosting the film’s emotional impact.
• A study of the love and relationship themes in romantic comedies.
• The way that popular movies depict mental illness
• A discussion of how symbolism and imagery are used in a certain movie.
• The way that social and political topics are portrayed in documentaries.
• A comparison of a well-known story’s book and movie versions.

Sports Related Critical Thinking Topics

• The contribution of school sports to rugby’s popularity.
• Advantages and disadvantages of becoming a college athlete.
• Is it a good idea for sports stars to get involved in politics?
• Discussions about soccer and how people view competition in sports.
• The contribution of sports to the development of young children
• A review of how race and ethnicity are portrayed in sports media.
• Sports’ effects on psychological health and wellbeing.
• A study of the connection between nationalism and sports.
• Sports’ impact on social mobility and class inequality.
• A discussion on how athletics can encourage activism and social change.

How to choose a critical analysis topic?

Finding a topic for a critical essay might be challenging, but with a few pointers, it can be made much easier. Here are some suggestions to help you select the appropriate subject for your critical essay.

Choose a Topic of Your Interest

By choosing a topic that intrigues you, writing will become more fascinating and pleasant. Think about your areas of expertise or your areas of greatest passion. You might also consider controversial topics or those on which you have a lot to say.

Consider your targeted audience

Your audience should find your topic engaging and relevant. Consider the audience’s age, level of education, and background while selecting a topic.

Research about the Selected Topic

Do detailed research about your topic after selecting it. Look for trustworthy resources, such as reputable websites, books, and academic journals. Make sure the sources you follow are up-to-date and current.

Cut to the Chase

To make your article more doable, it’s crucial to focus on it more specifically. Instead of picking a wide subject, attempt to focus on a particular facet or problem within it. 

Take Position

In a critical essay, you must adopt a position on the subject and provide evidence to back it up. Make sure your position is succinct and clear. Your essay’s major argument and your own opinion should both be included in your thesis statement.

Common Pitfalls in Writing a Critical Analysis Essay

Let’s explore some of the common mistakes to avoid while writing a critical analysis.

• Ignoring the assignment’s requirements.
• Using unsupported assertions as proof rather than facts to support claims.
• Neglecting or misconstruing the author’s intended purpose or goals.
• Being excessively subjective or biased in your analysis.
• Putting too much emphasis on summarization rather than analysis.
• Using difficult language with the intent to mislead or confuse the reader.
• Not editing and checking for grammatical and spelling mistakes.
• Failing to correctly reference sources and give due credit to the authors of the material you’ve used.
• Excessive repetition or the inclusion of information that is unrelated to the primary topic.
• Submitting the essay without using the correct formatting or adhering to the instructions.

How critical analysis essays enhance thinking skills?

The significance of critical thinking writing resides in its ability to inspire the critical thinking of its writer. A student has to plan and investigate various angles from which one issue can be viewed, ‘stretching’ his or her thinking capacity and improving situational analysis. When you are given the assignment to write a critical analysis essay, we hope our guidance will be helpful. Once you learn how to write a critical analysis essay, then a literary criticism essay can be a fun journey for you. Good luck!

Critical Analysis Essay – FAQs

Q: how to start a critical analysis essay.

Before you begin writing your text, whether it is a  term paper , dissertation, literary analysis essay, or any other form of essay, you must thoroughly read it. Critical reading is a required step because you should sound like an expert in the subject topic in your essay.

Q: How to impress readers with your critical analysis essay conclusion?

You must stick to the parameters of your topic in your conclusion to this paper. However, this is true for all essays, not just this one. Going beyond the topic or deviating to another area of your work is not what a conclusion should look like. Instead, the goal of a strong conclusion is to tie everything together by restating your main point of criticism and making a few minor arguments.

Q: What are the 4 parts of a critical analysis?

Critical analysis consists of four main parts:

• Introduction of your topic
• Summary of your topic

Q: What is the structure of a critical analysis essay?

It is essential to plan your essay before starting writing. A critical essay should have a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs and a well-written conclusion. Writing facts in the form of quotations and examples will make your essay more effective and prove your point. 

Wrapping Up

As a professional essay writing service, we understand the challenges and burdens that students are facing. Sometimes, they have to fulfill multiple responsibilities simultaneously. Although writing a critical analysis requires more work and effort, our critical analysis essay guide can act as a helping tool for you to achieve an A+. Do you require professional writing help immediately? Why struggle with the difficult assignments? Just say ‘ write my essay for me ‘ and you can get all the assistance you need from our staff of skilled writers. You should be confident that your paper will be well-written and professional.

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How to write a critical analysis

Unlike the name implies a critical analysis does not necessarily mean that you are only exploring what is wrong with a piece of work. Instead, the purpose of this type of essay is to interact with and understand a text. Here’s what you need to know to create a well-written critical analysis essay.

What is a critical analysis?

A critical analysis examines and evaluates someone else’s work, such as a book, an essay, or an article. It requires two steps: a careful reading of the work and thoughtful analysis of the information presented in the work.

Although this may sound complicated, all you are doing in a critical essay is closely reading an author’s work and providing your opinion on how well the author accomplished their purpose.

Critical analyses are most frequently done in academic settings (such as a class assignment). Writing a critical analysis demonstrates that you are able to read a text and think deeply about it. However, critical thinking skills are vital outside of an educational context as well. You just don’t always have to demonstrate them in essay form.

How to outline and write a critical analysis essay

Writing a critical analysis essay involves two main chunks of work: reading the text you are going to write about and writing an analysis of that text. Both are equally important when writing a critical analysis essay.

Step one: Reading critically

The first step in writing a critical analysis is to carefully study the source you plan to analyze.

If you are writing for a class assignment, your professor may have already given you the topic to analyze in an article, short story, book, or other work. If so, you can focus your note-taking on that topic while reading.

Other times, you may have to develop your own topic to analyze within a piece of work. In this case, you should focus on a few key areas as you read:

• What is the author’s intended purpose for the work?
• What techniques and language does the author use to achieve this purpose?
• How does the author support the thesis?
• Who is the author writing for?
• Is the author effective at achieving the intended purpose?

Once you have carefully examined the source material, then you are ready to begin planning your critical analysis essay.

Step two: Writing the critical analysis essay

Taking time to organize your ideas before you begin writing can shorten the amount of time that you spend working on your critical analysis essay. As an added bonus, the quality of your essay will likely be higher if you have a plan before writing.

Here’s a rough outline of what should be in your essay. Of course, if your instructor gives you a sample essay or outline, refer to the sample first.

• Background Information

Critical Analysis

Here is some additional information on what needs to go into each section:

Background information

In the first paragraph of your essay, include background information on the material that you are critiquing. Include context that helps the reader understand the piece you are analyzing. Be sure to include the title of the piece, the author’s name, and information about when and where it was published.

“Success is counted sweetest” is a poem by Emily Dickinson published in 1864. Dickinson was not widely known as a poet during her lifetime, and this poem is one of the first published while she was alive.

After you have provided background information, state your thesis. The thesis should be your reaction to the work. It also lets your reader know what to expect from the rest of your essay. The points you make in the critical analysis should support the thesis.

Dickinson’s use of metaphor in the poem is unexpected but works well to convey the paradoxical theme that success is most valued by those who never experience success.

The next section should include a summary of the work that you are analyzing. Do not assume that the reader is familiar with the source material. Your summary should show that you understood the text, but it should not include the arguments that you will discuss later in the essay.

Dickinson introduces the theme of success in the first line of the poem. She begins by comparing success to nectar. Then, she uses the extended metaphor of a battle in order to demonstrate that the winner has less understanding of success than the loser.

The next paragraphs will contain your critical analysis. Use as many paragraphs as necessary to support your thesis.

Discuss the areas that you took notes on as you were reading. While a critical analysis should include your opinion, it needs to have evidence from the source material in order to be credible to readers. Be sure to use textual evidence to support your claims, and remember to explain your reasoning.

Dickinson’s comparison of success to nectar seems strange at first. However the first line “success is counted sweetest” brings to mind that this nectar could be bees searching for nectar to make honey. In this first stanza, Dickinson seems to imply that success requires work because bees are usually considered to be hard-working and industrious.

In the next two stanzas, Dickinson expands on the meaning of success. This time she uses the image of a victorious army and a dying man on the vanquished side. Now the idea of success is more than something you value because you have worked hard for it. Dickinson states that the dying man values success even more than the victors because he has given everything and still has not achieved success.

This last section is where you remind the readers of your thesis and make closing remarks to wrap up your essay. Avoid summarizing the main points of your critical analysis unless your essay is so long that readers might have forgotten parts of it.

In “Success is counted sweetest” Dickinson cleverly upends the reader’s usual thoughts about success through her unexpected use of metaphors. The poem may be short, but Dickinson conveys a serious theme in just a few carefully chosen words.

What type of language should be used in a critical analysis essay?

Because critical analysis papers are written in an academic setting, you should use formal language, which means:

• No contractions
• Avoid first-person pronouns (I, we, me)

Do not include phrases such as “in my opinion” or “I think”. In a critical analysis, the reader already assumes that the claims are your opinions.

Your instructor may have specific guidelines for the writing style to use. If the instructor assigns a style guide for the class, be sure to use the guidelines in the style manual in your writing.

Additional t ips for writing a critical analysis essay

To conclude this article, here are some additional tips for writing a critical analysis essay:

• Give yourself plenty of time to read the source material. If you have time, read through the text once to get the gist and a second time to take notes.
• Outlining your essay can help you save time. You don’t have to stick exactly to the outline though. You can change it as needed once you start writing.
• Spend the bulk of your writing time working on your thesis and critical analysis. The introduction and conclusion are important, but these sections cannot make up for a weak thesis or critical analysis.
• Give yourself time between your first draft and your second draft. A day or two away from your essay can make it easier to see what you need to improve.

Frequently Asked Questions about critical analyses

In the introduction of a critical analysis essay, you should give background information on the source that you are analyzing. Be sure to include the author’s name and the title of the work. Your thesis normally goes in the introduction as well.

A critical analysis has four main parts.

• Introduction

The focus of a critical analysis should be on the work being analyzed rather than on you. This means that you should avoid using first person unless your instructor tells you to do otherwise. Most formal academic writing is written in third person.

How many paragraphs your critical analysis should have depends on the assignment and will most likely be determined by your instructor. However, in general, your critical analysis paper should have three to six paragraphs, unless otherwise stated.

Your critical analysis ends with your conclusion. You should restate the thesis and make closing remarks, but avoid summarizing the main points of your critical analysis unless your essay is so long that readers might have forgotten parts of it.

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Step-by-step guide on how to write a highly impressive and effective critical lens essay to earn top grades.

Unleashing the true essence of literature, a critical lens essay delves deep into the realm of literary analysis, exploring the layers beneath the surface. By employing a critical lens, readers embark on a journey towards deciphering a text’s hidden messages, constructing an analytical perspective that transcends the conventional meaning. Embarking on such a venture requires a skillful blend of literary prowess and brainstorming techniques. With this handy guide, you’ll find a treasure trove of strategies and insights to navigate the intricate web of analysis, unlocking the true potential of your critical lens essay.

Excellence in crafting a critical lens essay lies in the art of interpretation and analysis. By adopting a unique lens through which to view a text, readers expose themselves to an array of interpretations and perspectives. Armed with this newfound insight, the essayist can dissect the intricate web of symbols, themes, and literary devices strewn across the pages, intertwining them to form a cohesive analysis. Captivating the reader with a compelling argument and thoughtful analysis underscores the importance of employing meticulous thought when embarking on this intellectual pursuit.

Approaching the construction of a critical lens essay should be akin to delicately weaving together a tapestry of ideas and concepts. An essay of this nature demands a panoramic view of the text, exploring not only the surface-level narrative but also the hidden meanings and salient themes lurking within. Examining the characters, their motivations, and the author’s underlying message allows the essayist to challenge preconceived notions and offer fresh insights. As you embark upon this engaging journey, remember that every word you pen contributes to the intricate mosaic of ideas that is your unique interpretation.

Approaching a Crucial Perspective Composition

When it comes to tackling a significant perspective essay, a thoughtful and strategic approach can make all the difference. This type of essay requires you to analyze and interpret a specific quote, known as the critical lens, by considering different perspectives and providing your own insight. To excel in this task, it is essential to understand the nuances of the critical lens and develop a structured approach to effectively convey your thoughts and analysis.

To begin with, familiarize yourself with the critical lens you will be working with. Take time to carefully deconstruct the lens and understand its underlying message. Identify the two literary works that can be used to support or reject the lens. This will form the foundation of your essay and influence your subsequent analysis.

Once you have a firm grasp on the critical lens and the literary works that will be incorporated, it is crucial to develop a clear thesis statement. The thesis statement should succinctly state your perspective on the lens and how it can be interpreted through the chosen literary works. This statement will guide the direction of your essay and provide structure for your arguments.

As you progress into the body paragraphs, make sure to fully analyze each literary work in relation to the critical lens. Remember to include specific examples and quotes from the texts to support your analysis. In addition to explaining how the texts align with or challenge the lens, consider the broader implications of these connections. Explore the underlying themes, messages, and character motivations that are relevant to the lens.

Lastly, conclude your essay by summarizing your arguments and reiterating your thesis statement. Leave the reader with a final thought that encompasses the overall significance of the critical lens and the literary works. Ensure that your conclusion reinforces the message you conveyed throughout the essay and leaves a lasting impression.

By approaching a crucial perspective essay with a well-defined plan and a deep understanding of the critical lens and the literary works, you can effectively analyze and interpret the given quote. Be sure to take the time to develop a strong argument, support it with pertinent evidence, and present your ideas in a clear and concise manner. With a strategic approach, you can craft a compelling essay that showcases your critical thinking skills and understanding of the texts at hand.

The Significance of Comprehending the Quotation

One of the crucial aspects of writing a critical lens essay lies in understanding the significance of the chosen quote. The quote serves as the foundation of the essay, shaping the overall analysis and interpretations that follow. By comprehending the quote, a writer can effectively develop a well-structured essay that showcases their ability to critically analyze and evaluate various literary works and perspectives.

When approaching a critical lens essay, it is essential to carefully examine the quote and break it down into its core elements. This involves deciphering the underlying meaning, identifying key terms, and considering the context in which it was originally written. By gaining a thorough understanding of the quote, a writer is equipped to explore its implications within the framework of the literature being analyzed.

Additionally, comprehending the quote allows writers to establish a clear focus for their essay. It enables them to define the central idea or theme that will guide their analysis and shape their argument. By understanding the quote, writers can develop a coherent and logical structure that supports their interpretation and evaluation of the chosen literary works.

Furthermore, understanding the quote helps writers to establish credibility and authority in their essay. By demonstrating a deep understanding of the quote and its relation to the literature, writers can present a well-informed analysis that engages readers and garners their trust. This is particularly important in critical lens essays, as the writer is required to provide a thoughtful and balanced evaluation of the literary works in question.

In conclusion, the importance of understanding the quote in a critical lens essay cannot be overstated. It forms the foundation of the essay, guiding the analysis and interpretations that follow. By comprehending the quote, writers can effectively develop a well-structured essay that showcases their ability to critically analyze and evaluate various literary works and perspectives.

Choosing the appropriate literature to support your analysis

One of the crucial aspects of writing a critical lens essay is selecting the right texts to support your analysis. The literature you choose should align with the quote, allowing you to explore the various perspectives and ideas present in the texts. By carefully considering the content and themes, you can effectively incorporate textual evidence to develop a strong argument.

When selecting the literature, it is vital to choose works that have a diverse range of ideas and perspectives. This will allow you to present a well-rounded analysis and demonstrate your understanding of different viewpoints. Consider choosing texts that provide contrasting opinions or present distinct themes, as this will make your argument more nuanced and compelling.

Additionally, it is important to choose texts that have a depth of meaning. Look for works that provoke thoughtful analysis and can be interpreted in various ways. Texts with complex characters, intricate plots, and rich symbolism often provide ample material for critical analysis. By selecting texts with depth and complexity, you will have more material to support your analysis and demonstrate your ability to engage with complex ideas.

Furthermore, consider the literary techniques used in the texts. Pay attention to the language, imagery, symbolism, and narrative structure employed by the authors. These techniques can enhance your analysis and provide evidence for your interpretations. Choose texts that utilize literary devices effectively and align with the quote, as this will help you construct a persuasive argument.

In conclusion, choosing the right texts is crucial for a successful critical lens essay. By selecting literature with diverse perspectives, depth of meaning, and effective literary techniques, you can support your analysis and develop a strong argument. Carefully consider the themes, ideas, and content of the texts, ensuring they align with the quote and allow for a comprehensive exploration of different viewpoints. With the right selection of literature, you will be able to critically analyze the quote and provide a well-supported argument.

Analyzing the literary devices and techniques

In this section, we will explore the different literary devices and techniques used in writing and how they contribute to the overall meaning and impact of a text. By understanding and analyzing these devices, readers can gain a deeper insight into the themes and ideas presented by the author.

One common literary device is symbolism, which involves the use of symbols to represent deeper meanings or ideas. Symbols can be objects, characters, or even actions that carry a symbolic significance. By analyzing the symbolism in a text, readers can uncover hidden meanings and themes that may not be immediately apparent.

Another important technique is foreshadowing, which is the use of clues or hints to suggest future events or outcomes. By carefully examining the foreshadowing in a text, readers can anticipate and understand the unfolding of the story, as well as the motivations and actions of the characters.

One of the most powerful literary devices is imagery, which involves the use of descriptive language to create vivid mental images in the reader’s mind. By analyzing the use of imagery, readers can engage with the text on a sensory level, experiencing the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures described by the author.

Another technique that authors employ is irony, which involves a contrast between what is expected or intended and what actually occurs. By recognizing and analyzing the use of irony in a text, readers can gain insight into the author’s point of view and the themes of the work.

These are just a few examples of the many literary devices and techniques that authors use to convey their ideas and messages. By analyzing these devices, readers can deepen their understanding and appreciation of a text, and develop their own interpretations and insights.

Creating a strong and coherent argument

In order to write a compelling and persuasive critical lens essay, it is crucial to create a strong and coherent argument. This means presenting a clear and logical line of reasoning that supports your interpretation of the quote and the texts you have chosen to analyze. A strong argument is one that is well-supported by evidence, well-reasoned, and effectively conveys your main ideas.

One key element in creating a strong argument is providing evidence to support your claims. This can include quotations from the text, examples from real life or other works of literature, and any other relevant information that helps to validate your point of view. The more evidence you provide, the more convincing your argument will be.

Another important aspect of creating a strong argument is logical reasoning. This means organizing your thoughts in a clear and structured manner, making sure that each point flows logically from the previous one. It is also important to anticipate and address counterarguments or opposing viewpoints, showing that you have thoroughly considered different perspectives and have a strong response to them.

In addition to presenting a coherent argument, it is essential to convey your main ideas effectively. This involves using clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary jargon or complex terminology that may confuse your reader. It also means using rhetorical devices such as repetition, parallelism, and analogy to enhance the persuasiveness of your argument.

Finally, a strong and coherent argument requires a strong and confident tone. This means expressing your ideas with conviction and authority, while also acknowledging any limitations or weaknesses in your argument. It is important to strike a balance between confidence and humility, demonstrating that you have fully thought through your argument and are open to constructive criticism or alternative interpretations.

In summary, creating a strong and coherent argument is crucial in writing a successful critical lens essay. By providing evidence, employing logical reasoning, conveying your main ideas effectively, and adopting a confident tone, you can persuade your reader to accept your interpretation of the quote and the texts you are analyzing.

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What is a Video Essay? The Art of the Video Analysis Essay

I n the era of the internet and Youtube, the video essay has become an increasingly popular means of expressing ideas and concepts. However, there is a bit of an enigma behind the construction of the video essay largely due to the vagueness of the term.

What defines a video analysis essay? What is a video essay supposed to be about? In this article, we’ll take a look at the foundation of these videos and the various ways writers and editors use them creatively. Let’s dive in.

Watch: Our Best Film Video Essays of the Year

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What is a video essay?

First, let’s define video essay.

There is narrative film, documentary film, short films, and then there is the video essay. What is its role within the realm of visual media? Let’s begin with the video essay definition. 

VIDEO ESSAY DEFINITION

A video essay is a video that analyzes a specific topic, theme, person or thesis. Because video essays are a rather new form, they can be difficult to define, but recognizable nonetheless. To put it simply, they are essays in video form that aim to persuade, educate, or critique. 

These essays have become increasingly popular within the era of Youtube and with many creatives writing video essays on topics such as politics, music, film, and pop culture. 

What is a video essay used for?

• To persuade an audience of a thesis
• To educate on a specific subject
• To analyze and/or critique 

What is a video essay based on?

Establish a thesis.

Video analysis essays lack distinguished boundaries since there are countless topics a video essayist can tackle. Most essays, however, begin with a thesis. 

How Christopher Nolan Elevates the Movie Montage  •  Video Analysis Essays

Good essays often have a point to make. This point, or thesis, should be at the heart of every video analysis essay and is what binds the video together. 

Related Posts

• Stanley Kubrick Directing Style Explained →
• A Filmmaker’s Guide to Nolan’s Directing Style →
• How to Write a Voice Over Montage in a Script →

interviews in video essay

Utilize interviews.

A key determinant for the structure of an essay is the source of the ideas. A common source for this are interviews from experts in the field. These interviews can be cut and rearranged to support a thesis. 

Roger Deakins on "Learning to Light"  •  Video Analysis Essays

Utilizing first hand interviews is a great way to utilize ethos into the rhetoric of a video. However, it can be limiting since you are given a limited amount to work with. Voice over scripts, however, can give you the room to say anything. 

How to create the best video essays on Youtube

Write voice over scripts.

Voice over (VO) scripts allow video essayists to write out exactly what they want to say. This is one of the most common ways to structure a video analysis essay since it gives more freedom to the writer. It is also a great technique to use when taking on large topics.

In this video, it would have been difficult to explain every type of camera lens by cutting sound bites from interviews of filmmakers. A voice over script, on the other hand, allowed us to communicate information directly when and where we wanted to.

Ultimate Guide to Camera Lenses  •  Video essay examples

Some of the most famous video essayists like Every Frame a Painting and Nerdwriter1 utilize voice over to capitalize on their strength in writing video analysis essays. However, if you’re more of an editor than a writer, the next type of essay will be more up your alley. 

Video analysis essay without a script

Edit a supercut.

Rather than leaning on interview sound bites or voice over, the supercut video depends more on editing. You might be thinking “What is a video essay without writing?” The beauty of the video essay is that the writing can be done throughout the editing. Supercuts create arguments or themes visually through specific sequences. 

Another one of the great video essay channels, Screen Junkies, put together a supercut of the last decade in cinema. The video could be called a portrait of the last decade in cinema.

2010 - 2019: A Decade In Film  •  Best videos on Youtube

This video is rather general as it visually establishes the theme of art during a general time period. Other essays can be much more specific. 

Critical essays

Video essays are a uniquely effective means of creating an argument. This is especially true in critical essays. This type of video critiques the facets of a specific topic. 

In this video, by one of the best video essay channels, Every Frame a Painting, the topic of the film score is analyzed and critiqued — specifically temp film score.

Every Frame a Painting Marvel Symphonic Universe  •  Essay examples

Of course, not all essays critique the work of artists. Persuasion of an opinion is only one way to use the video form. Another popular use is to educate. 

• The Different Types of Camera Lenses →
• Write and Create Professionally Formatted Screenplays →
• How to Create Unforgettable Film Moments with Music →

Video analysis essay

Visual analysis.

One of the biggest advantages that video analysis essays have over traditional, written essays is the use of visuals. The use of visuals has allowed video essayists to display the subject or work that they are analyzing. It has also allowed them to be more specific with what they are analyzing. Writing video essays entails structuring both words and visuals. 

Take this video on There Will Be Blood for example. In a traditional, written essay, the writer would have had to first explain what occurs in the film then make their analysis and repeat.

This can be extremely inefficient and redundant. By analyzing the scene through a video, the points and lessons are much more clear and efficient. 

There Will Be Blood  •   Subscribe on YouTube

Through these video analysis essays, the scene of a film becomes support for a claim rather than the topic of the essay. 

Dissect an artist

Essays that focus on analysis do not always focus on a work of art. Oftentimes, they focus on the artist themself. In this type of essay, a thesis is typically made about an artist’s style or approach. The work of that artist is then used to support this thesis.

Nerdwriter1, one of the best video essays on Youtube, creates this type to analyze filmmakers, actors, photographers or in this case, iconic painters. 

Caravaggio: Master Of Light  •  Best video essays on YouTube

In the world of film, the artist video analysis essay tends to cover auteur filmmakers. Auteur filmmakers tend to have distinct styles and repetitive techniques that many filmmakers learn from and use in their own work. 

Stanley Kubrick is perhaps the most notable example. In this video, we analyze Kubrick’s best films and the techniques he uses that make so many of us drawn to his films. 

Why We're Obsessed with Stanley Kubrick Movies  •  Video essay examples

Critical essays and analytical essays choose to focus on a piece of work or an artist. Essays that aim to educate, however, draw on various sources to teach technique and the purpose behind those techniques. 

What is a video essay written about?

Historical analysis.

Another popular type of essay is historical analysis. Video analysis essays are a great medium to analyze the history of a specific topic. They are an opportunity for essayists to share their research as well as their opinion on history. 

Our video on aspect ratio , for example, analyzes how aspect ratios began in cinema and how they continue to evolve. We also make and support the claim that the 2:1 aspect ratio is becoming increasingly popular among filmmakers. 

Why More Directors are Switching to 18:9  •  Video analysis essay

Analyzing the work of great artists inherently yields a lesson to be learned. Some essays teach more directly.

• Types of Camera Movements in Film Explained →
• What is Aspect Ratio? A Formula for Framing Success →
• Visualize your scenes with intuitive online shotlist software →

Writing video essays about technique

Teach technique.

Educational essays designed to teach are typically more direct. They tend to be more valuable for those looking to create art rather than solely analyze it.

In this video, we explain every type of camera movement and the storytelling value of each. Educational essays must be based on research, evidence, and facts rather than opinion.

Ultimate Guide to Camera Movement  •  Best video essays on YouTube

As you can see, there are many reasons why the video essay has become an increasingly popular means of communicating information. Its ability to use both sound and picture makes it efficient and effective. It also draws on the language of filmmaking to express ideas through editing. But it also gives writers the creative freedom they love. 

Writing video essays is a new art form that many channels have set high standards for. What is a video essay supposed to be about? That’s up to you. 

Organize Post Production Workflow

The quality of an essay largely depends on the quality of the edit. If editing is not your strong suit, check out our next article. We dive into tips and techniques that will help you organize your Post-Production workflow to edit like a pro. 

Up Next: Post Production →

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How To Write a Critical Analysis Essay?

13 April, 2020

8 minutes read

Author:  Tomas White

All works of art are subject to criticism. That criticism comes in the form of this essay type. Every time you read or watch a review or a discussion on a piece, you are exposing yourself to a critical analysis. Handmadewriting team has prepared this guide for You to learn how to write a critical analysis essay. Let's rock!

What is a Critical Analysis Essay?

A critical analysis essay puts you, the writer, in the position of judging creative work. Generally, these essays cover what you believe the work did well and what it did wrong while adding some personal insight. You will use examples from the piece to support your claims.

Having problems with your critical analysis? Our  essay writer help provides services 24\7!

How to Start A Critical Analysis Essay

Before you start the writing portion of your essay, you’ll need to spend some time with the creative work and get a good idea of the messages it attempts to portray.

Identify the Author’s Thesis

What is the main message behind the creative piece? Identify what the author is trying to argue. Which side of the argument do they fall on? Do they offer solutions to the argument or simply present to show awareness? This isn’t always clear in the work, and some outside research may be needed to fully understand the message.

Outline the Main Ideas

Go through the piece and note down any overarching messages. How does the creator appeal to your emotions? Is it done effectively, or could it have been done better? In most creative works, all of the main ideas come together to form the thesis statement.

A good way of searching for these is to work backwards from the previously established thesis. View the piece with the thesis in mind, and jot down each and every point that contributes to it.

Evaluate the Author’s Points

Summarize these points and state how well they support the thesis. Are they the strongest possible arguments for the thesis? What examples does the creator present against the thesis? Are they fair and objective, or do they lean heavily to one side? Like a good critical analysis, a good creative piece evaluates all sides of the presented argument and supports each side with evidence.

Check this guide in case you need to learn more about a rhetorical analysis .

Organizing your research into an outline is the best way to prepare for the writing. A proper outline will allow your writing to flow and give you a structure to adhere to.

How to write a Critical Analysis Essay Outline:

Introduction.

When starting a critical analysis essay, you need to state the name of the creative work, the creator, and any relevant publication/distribution details. Then, outline what parts of the work you’re going to discuss. This is when you should introduce the creator’s thesis and how they supported that thesis.

Once that’s done, end the introduction with your thesis statement . Your thesis should consist of your original thoughts and reactions to the creation and its message. Come up with a main idea about the work and use different examples from it to support your statement.

This is your opinion and it should not be the same as the creator’s thesis. A good thesis example would state what the creator’s argument is, and then what it does well/badly and how it accomplishes that.

Here, you’re going to go more in-depth on the main ideas you outlined in your introduction. Break down what the piece is about. Talk about the characters, the themes, how the creator utilizes these to show their vision and argue their points.

Pretend the reader hasn’t been exposed to the piece of creative work. Don’t hold back, show them what the piece is so they can understand where you are coming from.

The part you’ve waited for. The analysis is broken into multiple body paragraphs, much like other types of essays. Break down your ideas that you stated in your thesis, giving each their own paragraph. Do your best to state both positive and negative parts of the creative work. If you really feel strongly one way or the other, highlight the opposite feeling early on before getting into your opinions. If you hate the film, discuss what it did well at the beginning of your analysis, then get into what it did wrong.

When breaking down your ideas, be sure to discuss the three different types of appeals:

• Ethos: How the creator shows their credibility in their art. Why should they be trusted, or how did they fail to establish credibility?
• Pathos: All art is based on emotion. How did the creators work to appeal to your emotions specifically? Did you agree with how the creator wanted you to feel, or did they miss the mark completely?
• Logos: How does the creator use logic to get you on their side?

At the end of your analysis paragraphs, your paper should clearly state your thoughts and opinions on the creation, have those thoughts supported with examples from the piece, and address whether or not the creator achieved their goal.

Restate your thesis. Say it in a different, but similar, way to reaffirm it. Summarize the main point of each body paragraph, strengthening your thesis even more. Finally, your conclusion should show what the reader shall take away from the creation:

• You shouldn’t watch this movie because it’s offensive to all genders.
• You should read this book because it is an incredibly informative retelling of the Watergate scandal

While working on the planning and pre-planning stages of your essay, be sure to keep these tips in mind for a stronger end product:

Critical Analysis Essay Writing Tips from HandmadeWriting 

• Provoke your reader to rethink their opinions on the piece. Strive to make your opinion so sound that they have no choice but to consider it.
• Be fair. If you’re just whining or mindlessly praising the piece, no one is going to take your analysis seriously. Provide a quality argument with strong examples. Create a strong foundation for your opinion.
• Have fun. You’re speaking your mind on a creation. Really get into why you feel the way you do. If you’re having fun, it will show, and the reader will too. Check out our  paper writing guide  to learn how to write other essay types.

And finally, check your essay upon completion and make sure it follows these guidelines. If it does, you’re set:

Do’s and Don’ts From Our Writing Team

• Take the time to find strong examples both for and against your argument.
• Ensure the reader has a clear vision on what the piece is about before you get into the analysis.
• Be honest. Share your emotions with the reader. It will build a stronger argument, and an apt reader will see right through you being fake.
• Research the piece. Reading up on it will give you some insight you may not have considered, leading to a stronger argument.
• Lean too far one way without discussing the other.
• Write “My thoughts” or “My opinion is”. Just state your opinions.
• Use first or second pronouns. Say “the audience” or “the reader”.
• Spend too much time on the summary. Your analysis should be the biggest part of your paper.

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How to Write a Critical Analysis Essay: Tips and Examples

Introduction.

A critical analysis essay involves evaluating and interpreting a piece of literature, film, artwork, or a specific event. This type of essay is not just about stating whether you liked the subject or not; instead, it requires you to delve into the themes, techniques, and implications of the work. Understanding how to effectively analyze these elements and articulate your insights is key. This guide will offer practical tips and examples to help you craft a compelling critical analysis essay.

Understanding the Basics

Before you start writing, it’s essential to fully understand what a critical analysis entails. This type of essay demands that you make an argument about a specific text, supporting your points with evidence from the work itself as well as scholarly resources.

• Thesis Statement : Develop a clear thesis statement that outlines your main argument about the work. This will guide the direction of your essay.
• Objective Analysis : Approach the text without bias. Your goal is to critically analyze the work, which means assessing both strengths and weaknesses.

Structuring Your Essay

A well-structured critical analysis essay is pivotal in clearly presenting your arguments and evidence.

• Introduction : Introduce the work being analyzed, including relevant details like the title, author, and main point of the work. End your introduction with your thesis statement.
• Body Paragraphs : Each paragraph should focus on a specific point or aspect of your thesis. Discuss various elements such as theme, style, character analysis, and how these contribute to the overall purpose of the work.
• Conclusion : Summarize your main points and restate your thesis in light of the evidence discussed. Discuss the broader implications of your analysis, suggesting areas for further research or questions raised by your essay.

Critical Analysis Techniques

Effective critical analysis requires specific techniques that allow you to delve deeper into the text.

• Close Reading : Spend time understanding the nuances of the text. Pay attention to symbolism, character development, and narrative structure.
• Comparative Analysis : If applicable, compare the work with similar works in the genre or by the same author to draw broader conclusions.
• Theoretical Framework : Apply relevant theoretical frameworks to deepen your analysis. For instance, you might use feminist theory, psychoanalytic criticism, or Marxist interpretations to discuss the implications of the text.

Using Evidence Effectively

Your arguments should be supported by concrete evidence. Use quotations and detailed references to the work to support your claims.

• Direct Quotes : Use direct quotes from the text to support your critical points. Ensure these are effectively integrated into your analysis.
• Paraphrasing : Sometimes, you may need to paraphrase parts of the text to fit your argument better. A paraphrasing tool rewrite can help reword the original text while maintaining the essential meaning, ensuring your essay remains original and avoids plagiarism.
• Scholarly Sources : Incorporate academic sources that support or contradict your points to demonstrate a well-rounded understanding of the topic.

Examples and Practical Application

When discussing each point, provide examples to illustrate your assertions. For instance, if analyzing a novel, you might discuss a key scene that highlights the protagonist’s development or thematic elements. Clearly explain how these examples support your thesis.

Writing a critical analysis essay requires thorough preparation and a structured approach. By understanding the work, structuring your essay properly, utilizing effective analysis techniques, and supporting your arguments with strong evidence, you can craft an insightful and persuasive analysis. Remember, the goal of this essay is not just to inform but also to evaluate and provide a deeper understanding of the work in question.

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February 09, 2018, common sense media, by educator innovator.

In a world of nearly ubiquitous YouTube viewership, watching and making video essays in the classroom is not only a great platform for close reading and digital composition, but a media literacy imperative, argues Tanner Higgin from Common Sense Education .

Like many of you, I’ve been thinking a lot lately about how we can better prepare students to be thoughtful, responsible, and critical consumers and creators. While I don’t have all the answers, I’ve come to one conclusion: Media-literacy education must deal with YouTube. Ninety-one percent of teens use YouTube . That’s 30 percent more than use Snapchat (61 percent), the next closest social media competitor, and even more than use tech we think of as ubiquitous, like Gmail (79 percent).

What’s more, YouTube is a unique beast and can’t just be tacked on. It has its own celebrities, culture, norms, and memes and has even given rise to the dreaded “ YouTube voice .” But what I find particularly fascinating is that YouTube has its own genres and types of videos. One of these—the video essay—is something I think can be a great tool for media-literacy education. Here’s why…

What Are YouTube Video Essays?

YouTube video essays are long-form (relative to many other internet videos) critical videos that make arguments about media and culture. They’re usually meticulously narrated and edited, juxtaposing video footage, images, audio, and text to make an argument much like a writer would do in a traditional essay. As former YouTube talent scout Jeremy Kaye puts it , video essays “take a structured, in-depth, analytical, and sometimes persuasive approach, as opposed to the quick ‘explainer’ video style.”

Why Are They Great for Learning?

It’s easy to dismiss a lot of what circulates on YouTube as frivolous, silly, or even obnoxious, but video essays are the opposite. They demand students’ attention but not through cartoonish gesturing, ultra-fast editing, and shock value (which even some of the more popular educational YouTubers fall prey to)—there’s room to breathe in these essays. To capture attention, video essays use a time-tested trick: being flat-out interesting. They present compelling questions or topics and then dig into them using media as evidence and explication. This makes them a great match for lessons on persuasive and argumentative writing.

But what I really love most about video essays is that they have something at stake; they ground their arguments in important cultural or political topics, exposing the ways media represents gender or race, for instance, or how media evolves over time and interacts with the world at large. Most importantly, video essays model for students how YouTube can be a platform for critical communication.

How Can They Be Used in Classrooms?

First, a caveat: Most of the channels below offer content that’ll work best in an upper-middle or high school classroom. Some videos can also be explicit, so you’ll want to do some browsing.

• Conversation starter or lesson hook : Many of these videos serve as great two- to 10-minute introductions to topics relevant to classrooms across the curriculum.
• Active viewing opportunity : Since video essays present often complex arguments, invite students to watch and rewatch videos and outline their theses, key points, and conclusions.
• Research project : Have students find more examples that support, or argue against, a video’s argument. Students could also write a response to a video essay.
• Copyright lesson : Video essays are a great example of fair use. Show students that by adding their own commentary, they can use copyrighted material responsibly.

Channels and Videos to Check Out

• Nerdwriter — This is an eclectic channel that’s hard to pin down. Basically, the video topics focus on whatever intrigues the channel’s creator, Evan Puschak. There’s everything from an analysis of painting to MLK’s “ I Have a Dream ” speech to film to the history of the fidget spinner .
• Vox — Vox runs the gamut of issues in politics, culture, and pop culture. Their explainer-style videos can serve as conversation starters, and since they publish multiple videos a week, there’s no shortage of choices. Also, make sure to check out their playlists offering essays on everything from music to climate change .
• Noisy Images — This channel does a masterful job of uncovering the layered meaning—social, political, and cultural—in hip-hop and other music. While most of these videos are mature and only suitable in very particular high school contexts, there’s brilliant work on everything from the poetic rhythms of the hip-hop group Migos to Kanye West’s stagecraft to music video minimalism . Any one of these videos could inspire a great lesson or unit.
• Lindsay Ellis — Video essays are just one thing Lindsay does on her channel, and she’s really good at them. Her videos often deal with heady topics like “ the other ,” but she boils them down in accessible ways. She also isn’t afraid to throw in a few jokes to keep things interesting.
• Genius — There’s tons here focused on music, with a specific emphasis on hip-hop lyrics. One of my favorite series is called Deconstructed . While Deconstructed videos aren’t typical video essays, they present color-coded breakdowns of the rhyme schemes in hip-hop tracks. Students could apply this technique to their favorite songs or poems.
• Every Frame A Painting — This now-defunct channel has 30 videos with some of the best film analysis on YouTube. If you’re looking to help students analyze the language of film, this is the channel to check out. One of my personal favorites focuses on the work of a film editor .
• Kaptain Kristian — Kristian focuses a lot on cartoons and comics, which is a nice entry point for younger kids. Each of his videos touches on big ideas in storytelling. For instance, his examination of Pixar movies delves into their rich themes that break the often rote themes of other animated movies. This video would pair well with creative writing lessons or literary analysis.
• CGP Grey — One of the more long-running essayists on YouTube, CGP Grey has a fast-talking style with a lot of animation but does a good job of answering head-scratching questions like, “ What if the electoral college is tied? ” or explaining complex issues like copyright in a digestible way .
• Lessons from the Screenplay — While this channel focuses on how screenwriting underpins film, the lessons offered in each of this channel’s video essays are broadly applicable to the craft of writing in general.
• Kogonada — I saved this one for last because it’s the least traditional. Kogonada is a former academic turned filmmaker who gained popularity through his Vimeo video essays that, for the most part, elegantly edit together film clips without any narration. These videos are great if you’re teaching a video- and film-editing class or film appreciation/criticism. Creating a narration-less video would be an excellent final project for students.

By Tanner Higgin Originally Posted at Common Sense Education

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