Case Study: The Holderness Coast

Coastal erosion in holderness.

The Holderness coast is located next to the city of Hull in the north-east of England. Each year, the Holderness Coast retreats 1-2 metres. The area is particularly vulnerable to erosion because of:

Illustrative background for Strong prevailing winds

Strong prevailing winds

  • Strong prevailing winds create destructive waves that can do more damage to the coast.
  • The prevailing winds also mean that any eroded material moves away from the place that was eroded (leaving the soft rock exposed).

Illustrative background for Clay cliffs

Clay cliffs

  • The Holderness Coast is made of boulder clay.
  • This is very soft and easy to erode.
  • Heavy rainfall can cause mass movements in the boulder clay cliffs.

Coastal Management in Holderness

In 1991, a £2 million project built rock groynes and rock revetments at Mappleton in the Holderness coast. These are examples of hard engineering.

Illustrative background for Rock groynes

Rock groynes

  • The rock groynes tried to stop sediment being carried away from the Holderness Coast and tried to create a larger beach to protect the land behind.

Illustrative background for Rock armour

Rock armour

  • Rock armour was placed at the foot of the cliffs.
  • The rock armour is meant to absorb some of the waves' energy, instead of the coast or cliffs.

What are the Results & Effects of Coastal Management at Mappleton?

The cliffs at Mappleton now erode at 1-2 metres per year, instead of the 7-10 metres before 1991. Mappleton now has a larger beach, however, there have been some negative effects:

Illustrative background for Area south of Mappleton

Area south of Mappleton

  • The area south of Mappleton is experiencing faster coastal erosion as a byproduct.

Illustrative background for Spurn Point

Spurn Point

  • The Spurn Point area south, has become less secure.
  • Less material is washed down the Holderness Coast.
  • Some Hebridean Sheep were washed away and killed. People are now warned not to visit the Point at some times of year, or they too could be washed away.

Illustrative background for Spurn Point lifeboat & visitor's centre

Spurn Point lifeboat & visitor's centre

  • £471,000 was spent on a visitor's centre which could become less accessible over time.
  • Lifeboat services also operate from Spurn Point.

1 Geography Skills

1.1 Mapping

1.1.1 Map Making

1.1.2 OS Maps

1.1.3 Grid References

1.1.4 Contour Lines

1.1.5 Symbols, Scale and Distance

1.1.6 Directions on Maps

1.1.7 Describing Routes

1.1.8 Map Projections

1.1.9 Aerial & Satellite Images

1.1.10 Using Maps to Make Decisions

1.2 Geographical Information Systems

1.2.1 Geographical Information Systems

1.2.2 How do Geographical Information Systems Work?

1.2.3 Using Geographical Information Systems

1.2.4 End of Topic Test - Geography Skills

2 Geology of the UK

2.1 The UK's Rocks

2.1.1 The UK's Main Rock Types

2.1.2 The UK's Landscape

2.1.3 Using Rocks

2.1.4 Weathering

2.2 Case Study: The Peak District

2.2.1 The Peak District

2.2.2 Limestone Landforms

2.2.3 Quarrying

3 Geography of the World

3.1 Geography of America & Europe

3.1.1 North America

3.1.2 South America

3.1.3 Europe

3.1.4 The European Union

3.1.5 The Continents

3.1.6 The Oceans

3.1.7 Longitude

3.1.8 Latitude

3.1.9 End of Topic Test - Geography of the World

4 Development

4.1 Development

4.1.1 Classifying Development

4.1.3 Evaluation of GDP

4.1.4 The Human Development Index

4.1.5 Population Structure

4.1.6 Developing Countries

4.1.7 Emerging Countries

4.1.8 Developed Countries

4.1.9 Comparing Development

4.2 Uneven Development

4.2.1 Consequences of Uneven Development

4.2.2 Physical Factors Affecting Development

4.2.3 Historic Factors Affecting Development

4.2.4 Human & Social Factors Affecting Development

4.2.5 Breaking Out of the Poverty Cycle

4.3 Case Study: Democratic Republic of Congo

4.3.1 The DRC: An Overview

4.3.2 Political & Social Factors Affecting Development

4.3.3 Environmental Factors Affecting the DRC

4.3.4 The DRC: Aid

4.3.5 The Pros & Cons of Aid in DRC

4.3.6 Top-Down vs Bottom-Up in DRC

4.3.7 The DRC: Comparison with the UK

4.3.8 The DRC: Against Malaria Foundation

4.4 Case Study: Nigeria

4.4.1 The Importance & Development of Nigeria

4.4.2 Nigeria's Relationships with the Rest of the World

4.4.3 Urban Growth in Lagos

4.4.4 Population Growth in Lagos

4.4.5 Factors influencing Nigeria's Growth

4.4.6 Nigeria: Comparison with the UK

5 Weather & Climate

5.1 Weather

5.1.1 Weather & Climate

5.1.2 Components of Weather

5.1.3 Temperature

5.1.4 Sunshine, Humidity & Air Pressure

5.1.5 Cloud Cover

5.1.6 Precipitation

5.1.7 Convectional Precipitation

5.1.8 Frontal Precipitation

5.1.9 Relief or Orographic Precipitation

5.1.10 Wind

5.1.11 Extreme Wind

5.1.12 Recording the Weather

5.1.13 Extreme Weather

5.2 Climate

5.2.1 Climate of the British Isles

5.2.2 Comparing Weather & Climate London

5.2.3 Climate of the Tropical Rainforest

5.2.4 End of Topic Test - Weather & Climate

5.3 Tropical Storms

5.3.1 Formation of Tropical Storms

5.3.2 Features of Tropical Storms

5.3.3 The Structure of Tropical Storms

5.3.4 Tropical Storms Case Study: Katrina Effects

5.3.5 Tropical Storms Case Study: Katrina Responses

6 The World of Work

6.1 Tourism

6.1.1 Landscapes

6.1.2 The Growth of Tourism

6.1.3 Benefits of Tourism

6.1.4 Economic Costs of Tourism

6.1.5 Social, Cultural & Environmental Costs of Tourism

6.1.6 Tourism Case Study: Blackpool

6.1.7 Ecotourism

6.1.8 Tourism Case Study: Kenya

7 Natural Resources

7.1.1 What are Rocks?

7.1.2 Types of Rock

7.1.4 The Rock Cycle - Weathering

7.1.5 The Rock Cycle - Erosion

7.1.6 What is Soil?

7.1.7 Soil Profiles

7.1.8 Water

7.1.9 Global Water Demand

7.2 Fossil Fuels

7.2.1 Introduction to Fossil Fuels

7.2.2 Fossil Fuels

7.2.3 The Global Energy Supply

7.2.5 What is Peak Oil?

7.2.6 End of Topic Test - Natural Resources

8.1 River Processes & Landforms

8.1.1 Overview of Rivers

8.1.2 The Bradshaw Model

8.1.3 Erosion

8.1.4 Sediment Transport

8.1.5 River Deposition

8.1.6 River Profiles: Long Profiles

8.1.7 River Profiles: Cross Profiles

8.1.8 Waterfalls & Gorges

8.1.9 Interlocking Spurs

8.1.10 Meanders

8.1.11 Floodplains

8.1.12 Levees

8.1.13 Case Study: River Tees

8.2 Rivers & Flooding

8.2.1 Flood Risk Factors

8.2.2 Flood Management: Hard Engineering

8.2.3 Flood Management: Soft Engineering

8.2.4 Flooding Case Study: Boscastle

8.2.5 Flooding Case Study: Consequences of Boscastle

8.2.6 Flooding Case Study: Responses to Boscastle

8.2.7 Flooding Case Study: Bangladesh

8.2.8 End of Topic Test - Rivers

8.2.9 Rivers Case Study: The Nile

8.2.10 Rivers Case Study: The Mississippi

9.1 Formation of Coastal Landforms

9.1.1 Weathering

9.1.2 Erosion

9.1.3 Headlands & Bays

9.1.4 Caves, Arches & Stacks

9.1.5 Wave-Cut Platforms & Cliffs

9.1.6 Waves

9.1.7 Longshore Drift

9.1.8 Coastal Deposition

9.1.9 Spits, Bars & Sand Dunes

9.2 Coast Management

9.2.1 Management Strategies for Coastal Erosion

9.2.2 Case Study: The Holderness Coast

9.2.3 Case Study: Lyme Regis

9.2.4 End of Topic Test - Coasts

10 Glaciers

10.1 Overview of Glaciers & How They Work

10.1.1 Distribution of Glaciers

10.1.2 Types of Glaciers

10.1.3 The Last Ice Age

10.1.4 Formation & Movement of Glaciers

10.1.5 Shaping of Landscapes by Glaciers

10.1.6 Glacial Landforms Created by Erosion

10.1.7 Glacial Till & Outwash Plain

10.1.8 Moraines

10.1.9 Drumlins & Erratics

10.1.10 End of Topic Tests - Glaciers

10.1.11 Tourism in Glacial Landscapes

10.1.12 Strategies for Coping with Tourists

10.1.13 Case Study - Lake District: Tourism

10.1.14 Case Study - Lake District: Management

11 Tectonics

11.1 Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics

11.1.1 The Theory of Plate Tectonics

11.1.2 The Structure of the Earth

11.1.3 Tectonic Plates

11.1.4 Plate Margins

11.2 Volcanoes

11.2.1 Volcanoes & Their Products

11.2.2 The Development of Volcanoes

11.2.3 Living Near Volcanoes

11.3 Earthquakes

11.3.1 Overview of Earthquakes

11.3.2 Consequences of Earthquakes

11.3.3 Case Study: Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake

11.4 Tsunamis

11.4.1 Formation of Tsunamis

11.4.2 Case Study: Japan 2010 Tsunami

11.5 Managing the Risk of Volcanoes & Earthquakes

11.5.1 Coping With Earthquakes & Volcanoes

11.5.2 End of Topic Test - Tectonics

12 Climate Change

12.1 The Causes & Consequences of Climate Change

12.1.1 Evidence for Climate Change

12.1.2 Natural Causes of Climate Change

12.1.3 Human Causes of Climate Change

12.1.4 The Greenhouse Effect

12.1.5 Effects of Climate Change on the Environment

12.1.6 Effects of Climate Change on People

12.1.7 Climate Change Predictions

12.1.8 Uncertainty About Future Climate Change

12.1.9 Mitigating Against Climate Change

12.1.10 Adapting to Climate Change

12.1.11 Case Study: Bangladesh

13 Global Population & Inequality

13.1 Global Populations

13.1.1 World Population

13.1.2 Population Structure

13.1.3 Ageing Populations

13.1.4 Youthful Populations

13.1.5 Population Control

13.1.6 Mexico to USA Migration

13.1.7 End of Topic Test - Development & Population

14 Urbanisation

14.1 Urbanisation

14.1.1 Rural Characterisitcs

14.1.2 Urban Characteristics

14.1.3 Urbanisation Growth

14.1.4 The Land Use Model

14.1.5 Rural-Urban Pull Factors

14.1.6 Rural-Urban Push Factors

14.1.7 The Impacts of Migration

14.1.8 Challenges of Urban Areas in Developed Countries

14.1.9 Challenges of Urban Areas in Developing Countries

14.1.10 Urban Sustainability

14.1.11 Case Study: China's Urbanisation

14.1.12 Major UK Cities

14.1.13 Urbanisation in the UK

14.1.14 End of Topic Test- Urbanisation

14.1.15 End of Topic Test - Urban Issues

15 Ecosystems

15.1 The Major Biomes

15.1.1 Distribution of Major Biomes

15.1.2 What Affects the Distribution of Biomes?

15.1.3 Biome Features: Tropical Forests

15.1.4 Biome Features: Temperate Forests

15.1.5 Biome Features: Tundra

15.1.6 Biome Features: Deserts

15.1.7 Biome Features: Tropical Grasslands

15.1.8 Biome Features: Temperate Grasslands

15.2 Case Study: The Amazon Rainforest

15.2.1 Interdependence of Rainforest Ecosystems

15.2.2 Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Rainforests

15.2.3 Deforestation in the Amazon

15.2.4 Impacts of Deforestation in the Amazon

15.2.5 Protecting the Amazon

15.2.6 Adaptations of Plants to Rainforests

15.2.7 Adaptations of Animals to Rainforests

16 Life in an Emerging Country

16.1 Case Studies

16.1.1 Mumbai: Opportunities

16.1.2 Mumbai: Challenges

17 Analysis of Africa

17.1 Africa

17.1.1 Desert Biomes in Africa

17.1.2 The Semi-Desert Biome

17.1.3 The Savanna Biome

17.1.4 Overview of Tropical Rainforests

17.1.5 Colonisation History

17.1.6 Population Distribution in Africa

17.1.7 Economic Resources in Africa

17.1.8 Urbanisation in Africa

17.1.9 Africa's Location

17.1.10 Physical Geography of Africa

17.1.11 Desertification in Africa

17.1.12 Reducing the Risk of Desertification

17.1.13 Case Study: The Sahara Desert - Opportunities

17.1.14 Case Study: The Sahara Desert - Development

18 Analysis of India

18.1 India - Physical Geography

18.1.1 Geographical Location of India

18.1.2 Physical Geography of India

18.1.3 India's Climate

18.1.4 Natural Disasters in India

18.1.5 Case Study: The Thar Desert

18.1.6 Case Study: The Thar Desert - Challenges

18.2 India - Human Geography

18.2.1 Population Distribution in India

18.2.2 Urabinsation in India

18.2.3 The History of India

18.2.4 Economic Resources in India

19 Analysis of the Middle East

19.1 The Middle East

19.1.1 Physical Geography of the Middle East

19.1.2 Human Geography of the Middle East

19.1.3 Climate Zones in the Middle East

19.1.4 Climate Comparison with the UK

19.1.5 Oil & Natural Gas in the Middle East

19.1.6 Water in the Middle East

19.1.7 Population of the Middle East

19.1.8 Development Case Studies: The UAE

19.1.9 Development Case Studies: Yemen

19.1.10 Supporting Development in Yemen

19.1.11 Connection to the UK

19.1.12 Importance of Oil

19.1.13 Oil & Tourism in the UAE

20 Analysis of Bangladesh

20.1 Bangladesh Physical Geography

20.1.1 Location of Bangladesh

20.1.2 Climate of Bangladesh

20.1.3 Rivers in Bangladesh

20.1.4 Flooding in Bangladesh

20.2 Bangladesh Human Geography

20.2.1 Population Structure in Bangladesh

20.2.2 Urbanisation in Bangladesh

20.2.3 Bangladesh's Economy

20.2.4 Energy & Sustainability in Bangladesh

21 Analysis of Russia

21.1 Russia's Physical Geography

21.1.1 Russia's Climate

21.1.2 Russia's Landscape

21.2 Russia's Human Geography

21.2.1 Population of Russia

21.2.2 Russia's Economy

21.2.3 Energy & Sustainability in Russia

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Internet Geography

Spurn Point Case Study

Spurn Point is a spit located at the southern most end of the Holderness Coast

Location of Spurn

The area known as Spurn forms the southern extremity of the Holderness coast and includes the unique feature of Spurn Point, a sand and shingle spit 5.5km long, reaching across the mouth of the Humber.

Geology of Spurn

Spurn is made up of the material which has been transported along the Holderness Coast. This includes sand, sediment and shingle.

Coastal Features

Spurn is an example of a feature geographers call a spit.

Aerial view of Spurn Point from the mouth of the Humber Estuary

Aerial view of Spurn Point from the mouth of the Humber Estuary

The spit forms a sweeping curve which continues the line of the coast. The sand which forms the spit has been transported along the Holderness Coast by longshore drift . The satellite image below shows sediment being transported along the coast.

A satellite image showing sediment being transported along the coast at Spurn Point.

A satellite image showing sediment being transported along the coast at Spurn Point.

The energy in the waves transporting the material reduces where the North Sea meets the Humber Estuary . As a result, the material is deposited. This process is known as deposition .

The diagram below shows the formation of Spurn Point.

The formation of a spit

The formation of a spit

Sand dunes have formed along Spurn. These have been colonised by vegetation, particularly marham grass.

Spurn Point

Spurn Point

A salt marsh has formed on the inside of Spurn. This is because the area is sheltered and the low energy environment results in sediment being deposited by the Humber Estuary.

Salt marsh at Spurn Point

Salt marsh at Spurn Point

In December 2013 Spurn Point was breached by a storm surge. A significant area of sand dune and the road linking Spurn Point to the mainland was destroyed. This area is now known as the wash over area due to it being inundated with water during high tide.

Spurn - before and after the 2013 tidal surge

Spurn – before and after the 2013 tidal surge

You can view more images of Spurn in the gallery . If you are interested in visiting Spurn take a look at the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust website for more details. Due to the wash over area being inundated with water at high tide as the result of erosion caused by the tidal surge, be sure to check out when it is not safe to cross when planning a visit.

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Use the images below to explore locations along the Holderness Coast.

Flamborough

Geos and mass movement at Flamborough

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Case Study - The Holderness Coast

Teacher recommended

  • Coastal zones
  • Created by: NiamhMegahy
  • Created on: 14-02-18 13:12
  • It's found along the East Coast of England
  • It's found between Flamborough Head (North) and Spurn Head (south), with Mappleton in the middle
  • It erodes by 2 metres per year because till is made from bedrock from glaciers
  • The chalk is very resistant rock, however, the clay is very neasily eroded
  • The processes of erosion are hydraulic action, freeze-thaw, abrasion, solution and carbonation
  • 6 Km long spit, caused by wind, waves and river estuary
  • Lies upon unconsolidated till, which is soft and erodes quickly
  • Many features e.g. arches, wave-cut platforms and caves
  • Chalk rock (not easily eroded)
  • SSSI are threatened e.g. lagoons South of Easington
  • Groynes make beaches narrow in other areas
  • Rising sea levels threaten coastline more
  • Caravan  sites have had to expand inland
  • Property prices have dropped, insurance is difficult to get at Mappleton
  • B1242 was nearly lost
  • Mappleton could be 30th village to be lost to sea
  • Homes near cliffs at Skipsea are at risk of collapsing into sea

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holderness case study gcse geography

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Where are the case studies?

Teachers ask 'Where's the place-based bit of AO1' or 'What and where are the places I need to teach about at A-level?'. Students will ask you 'Where are the case studies?' which begs another question: 'What constitutes a case study?'. Our answer is 'really specific and detailed located-knowledge', and by 'located' we mean either located in space or time.

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In your classroom, you may go beyond this case study checklist, teaching alternative distant place studies, for example, or place-based illustrations of different geographical phenomena. The aim is simply to give students a summary of all of the places, events and/or 'really specific and detailed located-knowledge' AQA needs them to know.

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IMAGES

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  3. The Holderness Coast Case Study

    holderness case study gcse geography

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  5. GCSE Geography

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  6. Holderness Coast Summary Sheet

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VIDEO

  1. Skipsea Holderness Coast Flyby

  2. Lesson 7 Holderness Case study

  3. AQA GCSE Geography: Nigeria Case Study

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  5. Holderness Case Study

  6. Holderness Coast Case Study Student Summary #1

COMMENTS

  1. The Holderness Coast Case Study

    The Holderness Coast Case Study - The Holderness Coast is the most rapidly eroding stretch of coastline in Europe. Find out more. X; Facebook; ... The Natural Environment iGCSE Geography. The main types and features of volcanoes; ... AQA GCSE Geography Exam Analysis 2024 22 August 2024 - 10:39 am. Our World in Data - https://ourworldindata.org ...

  2. Coastal Management Case Study

    Spurn Point lifeboat & visitor's centre. £471,000 was spent on a visitor's centre which could become less accessible over time. Lifeboat services also operate from Spurn Point. The Holderness coast is located next to the city of Hull in the north-east of England. Each year, the Holderness Coast retreats 1-2 metres.

  3. Holderness Coast Case Study

    There was £2.9 million of damage a year before the management was put in place. It produced a sandy beach and alos protects the town, a Grade 2 listed church and the B1242. Strategies: Rock Armour at a cost of £2 million. BUT: South of Mappleton, the rate of erosion has increased significantly. Easington.

  4. The Holderness Coast (Coasts Case Study)

    Where is the Holderness Coast? What defences are found along the coastline? What is the coastal management at Mappleton? This is the forty-second video for t...

  5. Holderness coast

    Holderness coast - CASE STUDY. Get a hint. Holderness key facts x3. Click the card to flip 👆. - coastline is 61km long -> stretches from Flamborough head to spurn head. - most of the cliffs are made of till (boulder clay) - coast is exposed to powerful destructive waves from the north sea during storms. Click the card to flip 👆.

  6. Case Study: The Holderness Coast

    Spurn Point lifeboat & visitor's centre. £471,000 was spent on a visitor's centre which could become less accessible over time. Lifeboat services also operate from Spurn Point. The Holderness coast is located next to the city of Hull in the north-east of England. Each year, the Holderness Coast retreats 1-2 metres.

  7. GCSE AQA Geography Case study

    GCSE AQA Geography Case study - Holderness (Coasts) Rock type - the cliffs are made from less-resistant boulder clay (made from sands and clays) which slumps when wet. Naturally narrow beaches - these beaches give less protection to the coast as it doesn't reduce the power of the waves. Man-made structures - groynes have been installed to stop ...

  8. Coolgeography

    Defending the Holderness Coastline There is a debate about whether or not human beings should attempt to defend coastlines. In the case of the Holderness coastline, its geology (weak clays) waves (destructive during North Sea storms) and Geomorphology (the shape of the coastline allows the waves to break at the base of the cliffs) make erosion ...

  9. The Holderness coastline

    Defending the Holderness Coastline There is a debate about whether or not human beings should attempt to defend coastlines. In the case of the Holderness coastline, its geology (weak clays) waves (destructive during North Sea storms) and Geomorphology (the shape of the coastline allows the waves to break at the base of the cliffs) make erosion ...

  10. Mappleton Case Study

    Mappleton Case Study Location of Mappleton. Mappleton lies approximately 3km south of Hornsea on the Holderness Coast, East Yorkshire. The village of around 50 properties has been subject to intense erosion at a rate of two metres per year, resulting in the access road being only 50m from the cliff edge at its closest point. Mappleton is served by the B1242, the main road connecting ...

  11. Coast Management Case Study

    The village of Mappleton, perched on a cliff top on the Holderness coast, has approximately 50 properties. Due to the erosion of the cliffs, the village is under threat. There is also important infrastructure near the coastline such as the B1242 road. The road provides important access to other towns and villages along the Holderness coast.

  12. GCSE Geography

    Start studying GCSE Geography - The Holderness Coastline (Erosion) - Case Study. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Search. Create. ... GEOGRAPHY: HOLDERNESS CASE STUDY 18 terms. amelialayton (15) Floods 50 terms. Sterling-Rae. Geology 118-Final Review 100 terms.

  13. Coastal Management

    Revision notes on Coastal Management for the AQA GCSE Geography syllabus, written by the Geography experts at Save My Exams. ... Religious Studies. Revision Notes; Past Papers A (8062) Past Papers B (8063) Religious Studies Short Course. Past Papers; Edexcel. Religious Studies A.

  14. Hornsea Case Study

    Location of Hornsea. Hornsea is a small coastal town on the Holderness Coast, located between Bridlington and Withernsea. A 2.9km stretch of shoreline fronts the town of Hornsea. Hornsea consists of a high-density urban development containing residential and various tourist-related properties. Hornsea's local economy is dependent on tourism ...

  15. Spurn Point Case Study

    Salt marsh at Spurn Point. In December 2013 Spurn Point was breached by a storm surge. A significant area of sand dune and the road linking Spurn Point to the mainland was destroyed. This area is now known as the wash over area due to it being inundated with water during high tide. Spurn - before and after the 2013 tidal surge.

  16. PDF case study for coastal erosion

    Case Study of Coastal Erosion - Flamborough Head and Holderness Coast Background and the Problem of Erosion - The Holderness Coast is on the NE coast of the UK, facing the North Sea. - It extends 60km from Flamborough in the north to Spurn Point in the south. - Coastline mainly made up of cliffs (20-30m high), made of soft, easily eroded ...

  17. Case Study

    Coastal zones. GCSE. AQA. Created by: NiamhMegahy. Created on: 14-02-18 13:12. View mindmap. It's found between Flamborough Head (North) and Spurn Head (south), with Mappleton in the middle. It erodes by 2 metres per year because till is made from bedrock from glaciers. The chalk is very resistant rock, however, the clay is very neasily eroded.

  18. AQA A-Level Case Study Checklist

    In your classroom, you may go beyond this case study checklist, teaching alternative distant place studies, for example, or place-based illustrations of different geographical phenomena. The aim is simply to give students a summary of all of the places, events and/or 'really specific and detailed located-knowledge' AQA needs them to know.