llm commercial law dissertation topics

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Dissertation Topics in Law for LLM Students

• Updated on  
• May 9, 2023

The last academic challenge before the completion of your postgraduate degree is a dissertation or thesis. Many students pursuing LLM are often confused while deciding the correct topic for the dissertation as it requires a lot of research. To help you with the dissertation this blog contains ideal law dissertation topics for LLM in India. Keep reading to know more!

This Blog Includes:

How to choose the best dissertation topic, advantages of choosing a good dissertation topic, criminal law dissertation topics, international law dissertation topics, family law dissertation topics, employment law dissertation topics, international commercial law dissertation topics, law dissertation topics india, intellectual property law topics in dissertation, constitutional law topics in dissertation, sports law topics in dissertation, medical law topics in dissertation, commercial law dissertation topics, company law dissertation topics, tort law dissertation topics, eu law dissertation topics, the english legal system and constitutional and administrative law dissertation topics.

A lot of research and hard work is required to decide what is a correct and valuable topic for the dissertation or thesis. It is seen in various students that before graduation the dissertation is the last hurdle in the way. It is advised to pursue a topic after valuable research and most importantly that goes with the student’s interests.

Also Read: Dissertation Topics

There are an array of benefits when you choose a good and valuable dissertation topic. These advantages include:

• This helps you in the analysis of the topic and deep research.
• Present you with a program to enhance your investigative skills.
• In explaining your subject option, you should be prepared to show how your previous research experiences ended up with great knowledge. 
• You can find a degree of education useful for postgraduate research.

Also Read: Law Entrance Exams: India & Abroad

Criminal law is the body of law regulating crime and criminal activities in India. This proves to be an important topic and is interesting as well. Some of the criminal law dissertation topics are:

• A Significant Study of Struggle against Girls in India
• Case Debate on business trial in India
• An Analysis on Terrorism and Lawlessness Against Infants in India
• A survey on Legislation against private terrorism in India
• Significant Evaluation Of Death Cost In India
• An Analysis of Juvenile Justice System and Order in India
• The appearance of the group is in the criminal law process
• The Root Elements of the Infant Mergers
• White-Collar Crime Law in India
• Criminology and Criminal Justice

Also Read: How to Write a Dissertation?

International law dissertation is another amazing topic where you can add your relevant thoughts. Some of the unique international law dissertation topics are:

• What are the significant aspects of collective civil obligations in now’s global order?
• What are the causes that cause application of foreign order at the state standard also complex?
• Figure out the very important issues encountered by establishing universal rules.
• What are the effects of accelerated market restraints on people? Can such a thing be explained?
• What are global challenges encountered by international businessmen, when installing service projects in third group societies?
• What are the effects of letting offenders continue to their native land for action?
• How seeing abuse as a foreign war case will change the position of African people?
• What are the important challenges encountered by companies that are coming in the global travel industry from the ocean.
• What universal rules regulate copy? How should this case be corrected?
• Which governmental law of the UK is sufficiently sufficient to be carried out universally?

Also Read: What is a Dissertation? Meaning, Projects, Report Work

Some of the most important and unique family law dissertation topics are:

• Separation case for father and female representatives of the group, makes it favour any particular gender or is it merely a sense
• Matrimonial Act and how it affects women who join without their permission. What is the attitude of decisions about made mergers and how can one explain it in the court of decision
• Residential part by stepmothers and offspring, how goes on the case provide everybody has their got right and place
• Youth insurance problems in the unified kingdom, which of the state shows to have very trouble with such arguments and why is it so
• Adolescent abuse-is it important to discipline your children and youths? What is the perimeter between youth abuse and correcting your children for setting their limits
• Internal disorder and its effect on the boy and female representatives personally, which of them picks up a greater claim in the mind of order and how can we get rid of that biasness
• Protection problems for separated mothers, how goes on it go and what goes on the statute have to do about the protection of the child for each mother
• How looks at the proper form thing if a man is incapable to provide and provide his house owing to lack or scarcity of means
• Long-distance communications and their fair significance cut off from the spiritual and artistic attitudes
• Minor job- what are we looking at to abolish it and how goes on our constitutional process set limits and provide that they are found

Employment law dissertation enables you to craft perfect research on your thesis or dissertation. Some of the employment law dissertation topics are:

• The link between trade and morality in the UK. An academic context.
• A study of the relationship between sports departments and their service contracts.
• The effect of variation in the business decisions of the UK after starting the EU.
• The task of infant employment regulations in the UK. How does the judiciary remain fighting developing youth employment?
• The influence of civil responsibility service in UK regulations.
• A study of the market association in the UK study of the business requirements and principles.
• A provisional review of business decisions in the station waggon part of the UK and EU. Who gets the first job benefit and rights insurance systems?
• An in-depth study of justice fees in the validities of UK legislation.

Some of the international commercial law dissertations you can choose from are:

• An assessment of the enemy-pollution bill in the UK. Its origins and effects on the state leaders.
• A strategic study of the joint cloak and how the decision can pass through it.
• The performance of UK legislation in affecting joint difficulties while preserving major human rights.
• A symposium on the differences enveloping the purview of field 33 groups do 2006 in the UK
• The effects of setting reasonable requirements for the principal’s needs. How does the organisation do well under this?
• An in-depth assessment of economic regulation programs at attending institutions in the UK.
• The effect of UNCITRAL’s performance on the unification of universal economic legislation in the UK.

Also Read: How to Write Acknowledgement for Dissertation?

Some of the Indian legal topics you can choose for your dissertation are:

• Handgun Case in India: Provision of a Different Structure
•  Animal investigation: Order in India
• Wire advertising and constitutional structure
•  Joint Civil Power and change
• Moral Orders and Cases in producing societies
• Men Investigations and Indian constitutional practice
•  Improvement of infants and proper conflict

Some of the catchy and interesting dissertation topics that you can choose as a dissertation topic for law assignment:

• Scientific advances and present IP rule in India
• IP rules and the safety of/on Internet
•  New patent statutes and digitalisation

Also Read: University of Law: Eligibility, Application, Courses & More

Here are some of the finest dissertation or thesis topics for constitutional law dissertation topics are:

• Accident plans in India: A study
• Legal exploitation and its interest: An assessment
• Application of International Cases in Indian Legal Structure
• Able expression in virtual life and Indian Custom

Also Read: Dissertation vs Thesis

A constantly fascinating subject, sports provides a large range of fields and issues to judge from to create your analysis report. It can deal with universal order, national order, carrying out parties, power, and often better.

Here are some of the finest dissertation (thesis)points on Sports law:

• Doping and Sports: National and International fair innuendo
• Legalisation of speculating in India: Law and Cons
• Handling sports organisations and their constitutional ramifications
• Transgender animals and Indian Custom

Medical law dissertation is another great topic you can choose from, some of the medical law dissertation topics are:

• Member retention: Fair experts and cons
• Miscarriage in India: A global review
• Made fertilisation: Provision of primary training to find out these matters
• Supported suicide: Fair, honest and therapeutic ethics
• Animal torture: A fair claim research

Also Read: Law Courses

Commercial Law is one such topic where a wide area of study is to be covered because it cannot be described within a single legal jurisdiction. A commercial law dissertation often involves comparisons with other countries. Listed below are some topics for Commercial Law Dissertation:

• A critical assessment of the international commercial arbitration system as a cost-effective and efficient means to administer justice in commercial disputes
• An assessment of security over personal property when it comes to the matter of possessory and non-possessory forms of security and other legal devices
• An investigation of the emergence of new manifestations of international commercial law
• A critical assessment of the passing of risk in the commercial law in England and Wales
• A critical assessment of the Future of consumer protection in England and Wales in the post-Brexit era

There is a great scope of producing an effective Company Law Dissertation as it provides you with potential sources. From the Companies Act 2006 to corporate governance, you have a lot of options to choose from. Listed below are some great Company Law Dissertation Topics:

• A critical analysis of the shareholder versus stakeholder basis of corporate governance
• Arguments for and against ‘stakeholder theory’ and to what extent are they still valid?
• Should the OECD’s Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital 2010 be ratified into UK Law?
• To what extent has Environmental Law merged together Vicarious and Corporate Liability
• Is the English maintenance of the “internal management” model failing to bring company law in the 21st Century?

The word Tort comes from the Latin term torture which means “Wrong”. In simple terms, Tort Law is supposed to address the civil wrongs done to a person, accidentally or incidentally. The victim/injured/aggrieved party is provided with compensation for the damages.

This area of law is one of the most important aspects of law study as it demonstrates the circumstances through which an individual is held accountable for another party’s injury either done intentionally or omissions or even by accident. Listed below are some topics for a Tort Law Dissertation to make it easier for you to draft an effective dissertation:

• Importance of foreseeability and policy in establishing a duty of care
• Analysis of the rules regarding the recovery of economic losses in tortious actions
• When it comes to matters of occupiers’ liability under the Occupiers Liability Acts of 1957 and 1984 respectively, when is a trespasser, not a trespasser?
• Wrongful Restraint of a man’s Liberty: Meaning, Defense and Remedy
• Why might the duty of care afforded to children be considered to be a step too far regarding the recognition of tortious liability?

Also Read: All About PhD Thesis

EU Law is considered as an expandable area of academic interest, particularly due to the UK’s recent Brexit from the Union. There is a wide range of dissertation topics you can consider for an EU Law Dissertation, from UK’s Brexit to the superiority of EU Law. Listed below are some great dissertation topics to start with your EU Law Dissertation:

• Critical Analysis of the UK’s Separation from the EU.
• Brexit and EU economy: How the UK’s decision has affected EU trade.
• An argument: Is EU Law actually superior?
• Importance of the enforcement actions against EU Member States as part of the European law-making process.
• How has the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950 contributed to the recognition of human rights internationally?

The English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law may be classified into 3 key areas-

• The nature of the Constitution may be considered in areas including, but not limited to, the recognition and application of conventions and the rule of law. 
• Evaluation of the roles of the legislature, executive and parliament in the context of the recognition of the separation of powers, which could include legislation’s passage through Parliament, the delegation of legislation, the relationship between Parliament, the crown and the Royal Prerogative, and the executive, legislative and judiciary’s relationship.
• Judicial Review includes the basis for intervention, such as ultra vires and illegality, procedural irregularity, irrationality, proportionality, and the nemo judex rule.

A number of areas can be covered in this dissertation as the English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law is quite different from other legal systems as the role of the judge differs in an adversarial system. The major difference is in how a trial is pursued. Some topics for an English Legal System and Constitutional and Administrative Law Dissertation are as mentioned below:

• The Role of natural justice  in the UK Constitution
• Are conventions still a valid part of the UK Constitution?
• Is the Royal Prerogative an essential part of the British Constitution?
• Are the current models of statutory interpretation fit for purpose, especially as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) infer a more active approach for judges?
• In what ways will the relationship between constitutional and administrative law in England and Wales be affected by Brexit?

The following are the popular law universities in the world: Harvard University Columbia University Stanford University

Here are some of the finest dissertation or thesis topics for constitutional law dissertation topics are: Accident plans in India: A study Legal exploitation and its interest: An assessment Application of International Cases in the Indian Legal Structure Able expression in virtual life and Indian Custom

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40+ Unique Commercial Law Dissertation Topics for Your Paper!

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Top Dissertation Topics in International Commercial Law

Best commercial law dissertation topics, international commercial law dissertation topics, trending commercial law dissertation topics.

Are you looking for some perfect commercial law dissertation topics to write on? Well, you are definitely at the right place, then. Drafting a paper on business law, or what we call commercial law, can be a very complex and challenging task. Therefore, you should not hesitate to explore and search for the best commercial law dissertation ideas to proceed. It is because this covers a wide scope of relations and conduct of a company or organisation about how to engage or carry themselves in the market.

Furthermore, it has a lot of principles and regulations that come under this law. So, taking online dissertation help will also help you choose a desired field of research and make it engaging. Thus, before seeing those topics, let us learn about what they are, in short, to refresh your mind and give you a basic idea about them. Moreover, it will be like a guide for you in the process of choosing the commercial law dissertation topics for your paper.

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What Is a Commercial Law? In Brief

Commercial law is the body that governs the engagement between an organisation and a consumer. It is a set of legal rules and services for companies to help earn money by selling their products or services. It is a secure field of legality that keeps expanding with the economy. Therefore, you will get all different and unique commercial law dissertation ideas by observing the latest industry news and economic changes. Therefore, writing a document on this can be a little tough at times because of the need for accurate research, client satisfaction, and on-point delivery.

There are many international commercial law dissertation samples out there that can usually help you form an idea about your journey and give you some motivation. So, now that you know what commercial law is, find out more about some of the main areas and principles of its application.

Essential Applications of Commercial Law

When you wish to choose some remarkable commercial law dissertation topics, then just knowing about them won't be enough; you will need to dive into them more. It has a wide variety of activities that it works on. Commercial law is a widely changing field that keeps growing with the changes happening around it.

Therefore, all companies and organisations must understand their legal rights and duties. There are some examples of dissertation you can use, to make it convenient to craft the dissertation paper. But you should also have a good idea about its areas of application and know where it is used and what for. So let's read them, and you can also buy dissertation from expert services or pick them up as your topics because of their specialties.

Consumer Protection

It's the branch of commercial law that deals with problems related to, what the consumer faces. It will protect them from misleading and deceptive companies, such as baits, false news, and hidden costs. It is one of the most necessary and interesting commercial law dissertation ideas you can select for your document.

Intellectual Property

Things related to self-work, such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks, are covered under this. It will safeguard your creative works and innovations using the certifications and ownership marks. However, due to the various complexities in this branch, you can get law dissertation help from experts and your professors.

Product Sales

It helps in the sales of products and issues related to them. You can get the required help from the commercial law about these problems and get the required solutions. This part will govern the delivery, warranty, and other aspects of product sales. It is the perfect theme for the commercial law dissertation topics in an informative paper.

Competitive Law

This area of commercial law will cover the things that ensure smooth competition rates in the markets and solve their issues. It helps with recognising the enterprises of mistrust, monopolies, and price-fixing to resolve them all instantly. It is one of the top international commercial law dissertation topics that has a lot to research and find out about in an ever-changing marketplace.

Commercial Contracts

This will see the proper execution and enforcement of all contracts between companies or firms. It will cover all the complexities between them regarding their acceptance and consideration. You can also take a look for dissertation writers in UK to help you out with the depth of this.

Finance Laws

This deals with the banking and finance departments of the organization. It will mainly deal with the regulation of the company's financial services, such as borrowing and lending. It can be picked as your perfect commercial law dissertation topics to write an impressive paper on.

As the name suggests, it will cover the part where a company or an individual is unable to pay their bills. Therefore, this application of commercial law will look into their financial positions and help with troubles such as bankruptcy and liquidation. You can get help from dissertation writing services to understand this properly.

Business Law

It will help with the establishment, dissolution, and management, of the overseeing businesses. Business laws are something that will take care of all the corporate rights and things such as shareholder issues, business incorporation, and the governance of it. It can also be a whole field in itself and holds a lot of depth to be your desired list of commercial law dissertation topics.

So, these were all the main areas of application in commercial law. It is essential to comprehend and understand them as well. Furthermore, it should be enough to give the basic commercial law dissertation ideas for starting with your work. Now, let us find a list of the topics ahead to help you with the research.

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List of Commercial Law Dissertation Topics

Studying commercial law can be overwhelming as it is an extensive field with various subcategories. Your dissertation paper should be engaging, and impressive to leave a mark on the reader. However, deciding on some good commercial law dissertation topics can sometimes be complicated. So, given below is a list of all the topics you can choose to make this journey a little easier.

• Elaborate company act of 2006
• Copy-write policies in online advertisements
• Importance of social responsibility in corporate firms
• Critical Analysis of the American Constitution
• Provisions for the Death Penalty
• Crime policies and their enforcement
• A comprehensive review of lie detectors
• Government providence for domestic abuse
• Impact of war on trade & employment
• Job security provisions in different countries
• Ways of addressing terrors across countries
• Evaluate the pre-incorporation of worldwide contracts
• Employment laws for disabled people
• Remote job mobility in the UK
• Prioritizing the rights of minority shareholders
• influence of social governance
• Regulations made for digital crimes
• Emergence of international laws
• Intellectual protection on the internet
• Improvisation in the copyright issues
• Challenges occur with the banned books in the market
• Effect of anti-corruption laws on government officials
• Rules on corporate governance in the UK
• Gun laws framework in the UK
• Emergence of Examples and Models in Business Law

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• International cross-border dispute resolution
• International law for commercial foreign investments
• Competition in the International Digital Economy
• Elaborate international commercial law
• Analysis of foreign investments in developing economies
• Anti-trust Rules & regulations on Border Mergers
• Legal complexity in space & satellite communications between borders
• Policies and practices in international law
• Challenges between international and domestic law
• Human rights issues around the globe
• Safety laws in International communities
• Study legal literature in international trade
• In-depth about the various law programs in the UK
• International investments in the energy sector
• Influence of commercial laws on railway
• Effective policies for resolving commercial disputes
• Analyze the function of business laws in the UK
• Role of banks in making transaction rules
• Use of consumer protection laws in online marketplaces
• Impact of digitization on various contract laws
• Evolution of legal frameworks in e-commerce
• Importance of social responsibility in commercial laws
• Influence of commercial laws in various industries
• Assess the soft & hard laws of corporate governance
• Overcoming the corporate barrier to basic human rights

Trouble Choosing Commercial Law Dissertation Topics? Ask Us!

Writing a perfect dissertation paper is not an easy task. Thus, never hesitate to ask for help if you face any issues. You can even contact our experts at the Assignment Desk, who are always ready to provide the required guidance and support you in this long journey. They have years of experience that you can use to decide your commercial law dissertation topics or for anything else you want.

So, do not wait and start moving on the path of writing a mind-blowing document that will help you grow in your career. Contact us now and make this road to success easier while finding your dream commercial law dissertation topics on time and at a very pocket-friendly price.

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Your Path to Excellence in Commercial Law Research Topics Starts from Here!

Commercial law research topics encompass a wide range of legal issues related to business transactions, trade, commerce, and the regulation of commercial activities. These topics along with the other business law dissertation topics explore various aspects of business law which becomes difficult for students to handle. Whether you’re a student aiming to conquer your thesis or a professional delving into complex legal analysis, we’re here to empower you with the tools and guidance you need.

Roadblocks That Stop the Way of Students from Creating Outstanding Commercial Law Thesis Topics

Here is a list of challenges that students might face when working on Commercial Law topics during their academic years:

• Maintaining originality in commercial law research topics and avoiding unintentional plagiarism can be a concern. Students need to learn proper citation techniques and ensure their work is ethically sound.
• Analysing case law, statutes especially on international commercial law research topics, and regulations require critical thinking and the ability to apply legal principles to real-world scenarios accurately.
• Bringing together different sources of information and integrating them into a coherent argument can be tricky, especially when dealing with complex legal theories.
• Crafting clear and focused research questions that address gaps or issues in the field can be difficult. Ambiguous or overly broad questions can hinder the research process.
• Expressing legal concepts clearly and concisely in writing can be difficult, especially for students who are not native speakers of the language in which they’re writing.

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List of Free Commercial Law Research Topics for 2023

After deep research, our professional research writers have created a list of interesting topics in commercial law with aims and objectives that will surely impress your professor.

The impact of blockchain technology on commercial transactions: Opportunities and challenges

The aim of this study is to explore how blockchain technology affects commercial transactions and determine its benefits and drawbacks.

Objectives:

• Assess blockchain technology’s potential to streamline commercial transactions.
• Assessing blockchain technology’s limitations in various businesses.
• To examine how smart contracts automate and secure blockchain commercial transactions.
• To determine blockchain’s legal and regulatory effects on commercial transactions.

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Our top thesis writing experts are available 24/7 to assist you the right university projects. Whether its critical literature reviews to complete your PhD. or Master Levels thesis.

Regulating artificial intelligence in commercial contracts: Legal considerations and implications

To explore how block chain technology affects commercial transactions and determine its benefits and drawbacks.

• To assess blockchain technology’s potential to streamline commercial transactions.
• To examine blockchain technology’s limitations in various businesses.
• To determine block chain’s legal and regulatory effects on commercial transactions.

Cross-border e-commerce and the need for harmonized international regulations.

The aim of this study is to examine need for harmonized international regulations in the context of cross-border e-commerce.

• Evaluate cross-border e-commerce regulations and identify issues.
• Examine how different national legislation affect cross-border e-commerce and consumer protection.
• Examine the pros and cons of harmonising international e-commerce legislation.
• To identify critical components and best practises for harmonising cross-border e-commerce regulation.

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TheresearchGuardian.com providing expert thesis assistance for university students at any sort of level. Our thesis writing service has been serving students since 2011.

Intellectual property protection in the digital era: Balancing innovation and competition.

This aim of this research is to examine digital IP protection and the need to balance innovation and competition.

• To evaluate how digital technologies affect IP infringement and enforcement.
• To assess digital IP protection issues and potential in the future
• To examine how IP laws and policies promote innovation and fair competition.

The legal implications of data privacy and security in commercial transactions

The aim of this research is to study the legal implications of data privacy and security in commercial transactions.

• To evaluate business data privacy and security laws.
• To assess the dangers and problems of collecting, using, and storing personal data in business transactions.
• To examine how data breaches and unauthorised access affect business and customer trust.
• To determine business data privacy and security laws and best practises.

Looking For Customize Thesis Topics?

Take a review of different varieties of thesis topics and samples from our website TheResearchGuardian.com on multiple subjects for every educational level.

Exploring the legal framework for cryptocurrency and digital assets in commercial transactions

The aim of this research is to examine the commercial cryptocurrency and digital asset laws.

• To assess cryptocurrencies and digital asset regulation in different jurisdictions.
• To assess the legal implications of commercial cryptocurrency and digital asset use.
• To examine how blockchain and smart contracts affect cryptocurrency transaction law.
• To identify legal implications for transparency, security, and consumer protection in cryptocurrency-based business transactions.

Regulatory challenges of online platforms and their impact on traditional business models.

Aim: The aim of this research is to explore how online platforms’ regulatory issues affect traditional business strategies.

• To evaluate online platform regulations and their effects on traditional company models.
• To examine online platforms’ commercial transaction dominance’s competition and antitrust issues.
• To examine platform-to-business regulation and consumer protection concerns and potential.
• To propose online platform methods for balancing innovation, competition, and regulatory compliance.

Corporate governance and shareholder rights in the age of corporate social responsibility.

The aim of this research is to explore the implications of corporate social responsibility on corporate governance and shareholder rights.

• Determine how corporate social responsibility affects corporate governance.
• To assess shareholder rights and interests in corporate social responsibility programmes.
• To examine the pros and cons of incorporating ESG issues into corporate decision-making.
• To establish legal frameworks and best practises for responsible corporate governance and shareholder rights in corporate social responsibility.

Contractual implications of emerging technologies, such as 3D printing and autonomous vehicles

The aim of this research is to study the implications of emerging technologies

• To examine how evolving technologies affect commercial contract formulation and performance.
• To examine the problems and hazards of incorporating developing technologies into commercial agreements.
• To examine how standardisation and adaption affect new technology contractual considerations.
• To design commercial transaction liability and risk allocation frameworks for emerging technologies.

The legal frameworks for consumer protection in the digital marketplace

To examine the legal framework for consumer protection in the digital marketplace

• To evaluate digital consumer protection laws.
• To assess consumer hazards in online transactions and digital platforms.
• To examine how consumer rights and remedies address digital marketplace fraud, deception, and unfair practises.
• To identify tactics and policy suggestions for digital consumer protection, innovation, and market efficiency.

Why Choose Our Commercial Law Research Services?

The service-based industry works on positive outcomes. The Research Guardian has earned the name due to the following reasons.

• Our Research department crafts a robust research proposal for various commercial law topics for research paper that outlines your objectives, methodology, and potential contributions.
• Our team comprises seasoned legal scholars and researchers with a profound understanding of international commercial Law dissertation topics . With a wealth of experience, they’re equipped to unravel even the most intricate topics.
• From primary sources to empirical studies, we assist in gathering, organizing, and analysing data to ensure your research stands on solid evidentiary ground.
• We stay ahead of the curve with insights into the latest developments, trends, and debates in Commercial Law dissertation topics. Our experts keep a watchful eye on the ever-evolving legal landscape to ensure your research remains current and relevant.
• We recognize that every research journey is unique. Our services are designed to offer tailored assistance, helping you identify relevant commercial law dissertation topics, craft research questions, and develop well-structured methodologies that align with your objectives.

Embark on Your customized Research Journey Today!

Unlock the doors to excellence in research on Commercial Law thesis topics with our dedicated academic help services. Whether you’re a student or a professional, our platform equips you with the insights, resources, and support you need to navigate the complexities of Commercial Law. Call us now and start your journey toward becoming a research innovator today.

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Business Law Dissertation Topics

Published by Owen Ingram at January 3rd, 2023 , Revised On July 18, 2024

International business operations have steadily expanded the boundaries of business law over the years.

In general, business law regulates the legal rights, conducts, and relationships of individuals with businesses engaged in trade, commerce, or other commercial activities. The subject covers a broad range of ideas that fall under the business law scope, making it one of the most critical areas of law.

Ensuring businesses are run lawfully and fairly protects customers from illegal business practices and enables businesses to resolve disputes and understand their rights and responsibilities. The framework also provides a stable operating environment for businesses.

Students expected to write a dissertation in business law must choose an appropriate business law dissertation topic before they can get started with the dissertation.

Check our  free example dissertations and free business and business management dissertation examples to get an idea of how to structure your dissertation .

Types of Business Law

Such laws govern contracts and employee rights to taxes and intellectual property. Some common types of business law are the following:

Contract law is used when a company or individual enters into an agreement with another company or individual. In these agreements, each party’s responsibilities are outlined and how disputes will be handled.

Employee Rights

Employee rights include how employers should treat employees and what workers can expect from their employers, such as the hours worked per day/week/month.

Academic Resource: Employment Law Topics

It varies depending on which business entity you are and covers topics such as calculating gross income and deducting expenses.

Academic Resource: Taxation Dissertation Topics .

Intellectual property

This includes any creative work, artwork, literature, music, or trademarked product. The legal ownership of this type of work ensures that no one can claim authority over it.

Academic Resource: Intellectual property dissertation Topics .

Other Resources

• International Development Dissertation Topics
• Cooperate Governance Dissertation Topics
• Business Intelligence Dissertation Topics
• Business Information Technology Dissertation Topics
• International Business Dissertation Topics
• Business Management Dissertation Topics
• Business Psychology Dissertation Topics
• Project Management Dissertation Topics
• Business Dissertation Topics
• HRM Dissertation Topics
• Management Dissertation Topics
• Operations Management Dissertation Topics

List Of Business Law Dissertation Topics

Finding the best business law topic is essential to producing the best business law dissertation as a law student. To help you, we’ve listed some business law topics below:

Topic:1 Employment law

Research Aim: Studying the relationship between workers and employees along with the laws and rules that imply to businesses.

Topic:2 Labour law

Research Aim: Dive deep into the factories act, 1934 covering all the employee laws applicable in the country up to 18 years.

Topic:3 Immigration law

Research Aim: Take an in-depth look at the immigration law that covers the study of immigration of citizens to other countries to understand their culture, practices, locations, and rules.

Topic:4 Consumer good sales law

Research Aim: Covering the total retail sales of consumer goods with deep insight into the physical commodity and different income ongoing and outgoing for production in companies.

Topic:5 Content Drafting

Research Aim: As the name says, content drafting is the study of drafting all the laws and regulations of several legal matters.

Topic:6 Antitrust

Research Aim: Antitrust lawyers is a famously known topic written about economic and legal matters of the country that revolves around federal laws applied to businesses.

Topic:7 Intellectual property laws

Research Aim: Intellectual property laws are the field of study where students study the intellectual properties designed to assist businesses, individuals, and organizations. The topic of taxes covers all the local, regional and national taxes that promote overall social security and Medicare.

Topic:8 Bankruptcies

Research Aim: In the bankruptcy subject, we study the typical reasons, effects, and results of bankruptcies on employees and organizations in the long run.

Topic:9 Bank Formation

Research Aim: This topic discusses the factors that influence business formation and the entire process from starting a business to becoming successful.

Topic:10 Lawsuits

Research Aim: Lawsuit is an attorney-related subject in which individuals study the importance of attorneys to reduce the damage and losses in your business with the help of day-to-day negotiations to make a business effective.

Topic:11 Public Law

Research Aim: Studying the relationships between businesses and legal organizations to run peacefully in the country.

Topic:12 Execution of business laws

Research Aim: Understanding the nature of businesses with different work sectors

Topic:13 Classification of business laws

Research Aim: Classifying business laws based on their sources, approaches, and purpose of implying.

Topic:14 Business law morality

Research Aim: Studying the moral values of businesses for the betterment of society.

Topic:15 Business law consultation

Research Aim: The subject of business law consultation is where students create relevancy with different legal laws to authorise  the legislation process.

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Select a top business law dissertation topic from the list above to start your research as a business law student.

The topics covered by a business law degree can range from taxation and contracts to intellectual property and international trade. Internships and externships will provide students with practical experience, research skills, and research methods related to the legal process. Furthermore, a business law degree can lead to a successful career as a lawyer, corporate counsel, or government lawyer.

Students who want to study business law are needed to fit this criterion.

• Candidates who choose the five-year integrated BBA-LLB program must have graduated from a recognised high school and passed the university’s entrance exam.
• If a student at the PG level applies for a business law course, they must have either finished the five-year integrated course or earned a three-year LLB degree.

Business law encompasses all legal issues necessary to operate a business, such as copyright laws, workplace safety rules, contract laws, financial laws, intellectual property laws, and tax laws. As a business lawyer, you can establish, run, close, and sell a business to third parties in compliance with all legal requirements.

As businesses on a global scale change rapidly, they seek employees with creative skills to advance their organisations. A background in management and law can make you a problem solver, an analytical thinker, and an innovative manager capable of providing organisations with the edge over their rivals and staying relevant in a constantly changing market.

If you need help with the complete dissertation writing process, you may want to additionally read about our  proposal writing service  and the full  dissertation writing service .

Frequently Asked Questions

How to find business law dissertation topics.

To find business law dissertation topics:

• Explore recent legal developments.
• Analyze industry challenges.
• Research emerging business models.
• Consider regulatory gaps.
• Examine global perspectives.
• Select a topic aligning with your expertise and career objectives.

You May Also Like

The Law of the EU has gained a growing amount of academic attention, especially since the UK decided to leave the union. Concerns are growing about how EU law will continue to impact the UK constitution.

Tourism is the world’s second most important economic sector. In many countries, tourism contributes to the GDP of the country as one of the leading industries.The more tourists visiting a country.

Go through some of the dissertation topics related to Forensic science given below, with their research aim, and get an idea to begin your dissertation.

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• How It Works

LLM in Commercial Law

• Academic staff
• Student profiles
• How to apply

The LLM in Commercial Law offers you the opportunity to study commercial law subjects at an advanced level, drawing on the latest research of our leading academics. It provides an excellent grounding for those intending to enter legal practice, pursue a career in the commercial sector, or continue on to future study and research in commercial law. 

You will benefit from the opportunity to explore a wide range of subjects at an advanced level and study the law in the fast-paced and varied context of the commercial world.

The programme offers a wide range of subjects that deal with various aspects of commercial law enabling you to tailor the LLM to meet your specific interests. Subjects may include:

• Company law
• Contract law in Europe
• Insolvency law
• EU competition law
• Principles of corporate finance

What I particularly enjoyed about the LLM in Commercial Law was that the emphasis was persistently put on learning from each other rather than from the professor who was leading the seminar.

The LLM in Commercial Law is relevant to lawyers and business professionals, giving you an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of commercial law.

The programme is designed for those intending to pursue a career in:

• legal practice and wish to specialise in commercial law, tax law, or international trade law
• the commercial sector and international commercial organisations in fields such as compliance

The LLM is also an ideal platform for advanced research and those wishing to go onto further postgraduate study, such as a PhD.

Edinburgh is an international city and Edinburgh Law School adopts an international approach to the teaching of the LLM in Commercial Law. On this programme you will benefit from connections to the legal profession and professional networks of the Edinburgh Centre for Commercial Law. The Edinburgh Centre for Commercial Law is a research community at Edinburgh Law School.

The centre was launched in 2008 and it aims to:

• foster research in Scottish, British, and European commercial law;
• promote excellence in the teaching of commercial law; and
• foster links between the academic community and the legal profession.

The members of the centre conduct research in various fields of commercial law, including company law, banking law, labour law, agency law, and consumer protection law. In all these cases, we study Scots and UK commercial law in its comparative European or international context.

Visit the Edinburgh Centre for Commercial Law website

During your studies, you will benefit from the Law School’s close proximity to the Law Courts and the Faculty of Advocates (the Scots Bar).

You will also be able to attend events hosted by our research centre, the Edinburgh Centre for Commercial Law. These events have a great history of impressive guest speakers from the judiciary, practitioner world, and other leading academic institutions.

Find out more about events at the Law School

If you have any questions about the LLM in Commercial Law please don't hesitate to contact us.

[email protected]

This programme can be studied full-time over one year, or part-time over two years subject to visa restrictions. It offers a range of subjects across the field of commercial, corporate, and banking law from an international perspective, allowing you to tailor a programme to suit your interests.

The programme consists of 180 credits, comprising taught courses worth 120 credits (60 credits per semester) and a 10,000 word dissertation worth 60 credits. 

View 2024-25 programme and course information for the LLM in Commercial Law

The programme structure and courses scheduled to be offered in the 2024-25 academic year can be found below. 

You must take this course.

Principles of Commercial Law (40 credits)

This course will cover selected topics in Scots and English Commercial Law. It will provide you with an overview of the core commercial law areas. Material will be chosen from such areas as insolvency, rights in security, agency, employment and partnership. Company Law is excluded (except in so far as relevant to topics otherwise under consideration).

You can select between 20 and 60 credits of the following courses:

Company Law (40 credits, full-year course)

This course aims to give you a broad understanding of United Kingdom corporate law, including current changes; where appropriate, reference will be made to the position in Europe. The course seeks to develop awareness of the interaction between theory and practice, and the complex issues involved in balancing the needs of business and the community.

The Law of International Trade (20 credits)

This course examines the legal aspects of international trade in a broad context. The legal framework of the course is English law as well as the relevant international conventions and standard terms. The course examines international sale of goods which are transported by sea. It investigates the trade terms used in international sale contracts (in the context of English common law and Incoterms in particular) and analyses the resulting obligations of the parties regarding payment methods (with emphasis on letters of credit and bills of exchange), transportation of the goods (focusing on bills of lading and waybills), and marine cargo insurance in the manner in which these relate to one another.

Contract Law in Europe (20 credits)

This course is a comparative contract law course. Its main focus is fundamental concepts of the law of contract, which arise in all systems. The course compares national systems of contract law, principally Scots, English, French and German law. The course also considers some of the harmonisation initiatives that have taken place in Europe over the last decade, principally the Draft Common Frame of Reference (Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law).

Insolvency Law (20 credits)

This course examines selected issues of insolvency law, including personal and corporate insolvency. The course will primarily focus on law within the United Kingdom and will take an advanced look at a variety of topics. Theoretical and comparative law material from a variety of systems (in Europe and the Anglo-American tradition) will be used to examine the subjects studied.

You can select between 20 and 40 credits of the following courses:

Corporate Finance and the Law (20 credits)

Course summary to follow.

Advanced Capital Markets Law (20 credits)

Principles of Financial Transactions (20 credits)

Principles of Banking Law (20 credits)

EU Competition Law (40 credits, full-year course)

The purpose of the course is to impart to students an understanding of the rationale behind competition regulation in the European Union, the substantive and procedural rules which comprise EU competition law, and their place within the scheme of the Treaties - they being 'fundamental provision[s] - essential to the accomplishment of the tasks entrusted to the [Union] and, in particular, the functioning of the internal market' (Case C-126/97 Eco Swiss China Time v Benetton International [1999] ECR I-3055, para 36).  It is the private law side of Union integration and a mirror of the law of the internal market - put otherwise, the commercial law of the EU. Appropriate comparisons with the equivalent laws of the member states, in particular those of Germany (the GWB) and the United Kingdom (the Competition Act 1998; the Enterprise Act 2002), will be drawn throughout the course.

Principles of Corporate Finance Law (20 credits)

This course aims to develop a critical understanding of the principles of corporate finance law, with a special focus on some key subject matters of corporate finance: Formation of Capital, Share Capital Maintenance, Corporate Takeovers, Security Interests, Market Abuse and Short Sale.

Students taking this course will discuss the mechanics, structuring, and legal aspects of the selected topics. Throughout this course, students will acquire comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the principal theories, principles and concepts that underlie the corporate finance law. Students active participation and presentation is required.

Fundamentals of Comparative Private Law (20 credits)

The growing permeability of frontiers, the openness of national economies and societies, has a deep impact on the evolution of the law, as legal concepts and principles flow across borders. Anyone envisaging a career with an international dimension will need to engage not just with foreign laws and foreign legal concepts, but will also be confronted with different legal cultures. It is therefore crucial to be familiar with the opportunities but also the difficulties that arise when stepping outside one's own legal system. The aim of this course is to provide students with a general introduction to the basics and the methodology of comparative law, and to equip them with the tools necessary to conduct comparative analysis. It further introduces student to the historical developments of the major legal traditions and their respective styles. The course therefore offers an ideal foundation for students who want to study core areas of private law across both civil and common law jurisdictions.

International Commercial Arbitration (20 credits)

The course aims to provide a firm grounding in the legal aspects of ad hoc and institutional international arbitration as well as offering practical skills on how to conduct such arbitrations.

The course will include a range of topics including an introduction to arbitration, applicable laws, arbitration clauses, the arbitral tribunal, the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal, the conduct of arbitral proceedings, the role of the national courts, the award, challenges to the award, and recognition and enforcement of the arbitral award. There will also be an introduction to Investment Arbitration. This course is aimed at those who are interested in acquiring a detailed understanding of how transnational disputes are resolved and knowledge of the legal environment which facilitates such a process. The primary focus will be on international commercial arbitration in practice, combining a thorough understanding of the legal rules with a practitioners' perspective.

International Private Law: Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments (20 credits)

This course deals with civil jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments, issues which have been central to recent developments within International Private Law. It will consider the provisions contained in EU instruments, focusing on the Brussels I bis Regulation but also looking at the Insolvency Regulation and Brussels II bis Regulation. The course will also examine proposals for reform of these instruments. In addition there will be consideration of appropriate Hague Private International Law Conventions, especially the Choice of Court Convention and the current work of the Hague Conference in the field of recognition and enforcement of judgments.

Sustainability in Food Supply Chains: Law and Policy (20 credits)

This course considers legal, regulatory and policy questions relating to food supply chains. There will be a particular focus on food supply chain sustainability, including measures to counteract power asymmetries in the wider context of food security, supply chain regulation and food & agricultural policies.

You will have the option to take between 0 and 20 credits of courses from different subject areas offered by the Law School, depending on availability and with the express permission of the programme director.

Having successfully completed 120 credit points of courses within the LLM, you will be ready to move onto a single piece of independent and in-depth research. The 10,000 word dissertation allows you to focus on a preferred topic from within the field of commercial law, normally based on a subject you have studied in one of your courses during the programme.

You will be assigned an academic dissertation supervisor who will provide you with support and guidance while you prepare and write your dissertation.

The dissertation is a challenging but rewarding endeavour, asking you to demonstrate a comprehensive grasp of the relevant literature and an ability to engage critically with a range of sources, drawing on the skills and knowledge you have developed during the course of the programme. You are encouraged to show originality and evidence of independent thinking.

The dissertation is written in the summer months (April to August) after the taught courses are successfully completed.

We cannot guarantee that all courses will run each year, and will provide adequate notice of any changes to the programme structure and courses.

Page update: Courses for the 2024-25 year were published on the 3rd May 2024. 

Academic staff teaching on the core courses of the LLM in Commercial Law in 2024/25 are experts in their field and are actively involved in cutting-edge research in various areas of commercial law.

Academic staff teaching courses offered on this programme may include:

Dr Parker Hood - Programme Director 2024-25

Parker Hood is a lecturer in Commercial Law, whose research interests include banking law, company law, the law of obligations, and general commercial law. He is the author of a monograph on bank liability, Principles of Lender Liability (Oxford University Press), which was published in October 2012.

Find out more

David Cabrelli has been a lecturer in law since 2003 after having practised commercial law and corporate law for six years. His research interests lie in the fields of commercial law, labour law/employment law, company law, and private law.

Scott has research interests in the area of rights in security (including floating charges), issues in property law, and legislation, the legislative process, and statutory interpretation.

He is currently working on work on the legislative history of the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973, based on a period of research in the archives in the Scottish Law Commission; and is working on articles relating to the enforcement of standard securities.

Dr Verónica Ruiz Abou-Nigm specialises in private international law and shipping law. She has a great deal of experience in these fields both in practice in Uruguay and as an academic in the UK.

Her main areas of research and teaching are private international law and shipping law. Other research interests include international commercial litigation, international commercial arbitration, air law, oil and gas law, comparative law, and the interaction between public and private international law.

Dr. Longjie Lu joined Edinburgh Law School in September 2019. Prior to Edinburgh, Longjie taught law at the Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London, and completed her Ph.D. in law at the University of Leeds.

Longjie’s main research interests are in the areas of financial regulation, corporate governance, corporate finance and empirical legal studies.

Simone Lamont-Black (née Schnitzer) qualified as a civil lawyer in Germany where she practised law as Rechtsanwältin for several years. She specialises and researches in the (private) law of international trade and carriage of goods and has a keen interest in international commercial dispute resolution. She also established the Edinburgh Willem Vis Moot Team and Moot Module and the annual Edinburgh Willem Vis Pre-Moot.

Robert Lane's principal areas of interest lie within the various strands of EU law. They include in particular the constitutional and administrative law of the European Union and the European Community, the methods and reasoning of the European Court of Justice, and the law of the internal market and EC competition law.

Robert Lane will be on sabbatical in semester 2 of the 2022/23 academic year.

Laura Macgregor currently holds the chair of Commercial Contract Law. She was recently appointed to the Law School's prestigious Chair of Scots Law, her appointment beginning on 1 July 2020. She will be the first woman since the Chair's inception 297 years ago to hold the Chair. Before becoming an academic Laura spent several years as a solicitor in practice with a major Scottish law firm in Edinburgh. She began her academic career as a lecturer at Glasgow Law School, joining Edinburgh Law School in 2002.

Ruiqiao Zhang has a comprehensive education background, extensive academic training in law, and rich experience of research in various legal systems in Asia, Europe, and North America. She holds two bachelor’s degrees of Law and Science (Biotechnology), three master’s degrees of Civil and Commercial Law, International Commercial and Trade Law, and Comparative Law respectively in China, the Netherlands, and Canada, and one doctoral degree of law at McGill University. 

Jonny was a solicitor in private practice for 10 years before starting at the Law School. Jonny’s research is conducted across a broad range of commercial law (particularly rights in security) and company law (particularly the law of private companies). Most of Jonny’s research has a law and economics methodology, which he has applied to a broad range of different subject matters.

Amy Lawton is a Lecturer in Tax Law at Edinburgh Law School. Prior to joining the School in 2021, she was a Lecturer in Law at Lancaster University where she founded the first UK-based Tax Clinic.

Amy’s research interests broadly lie in tax and the environment. She is particularly interested in environmental taxation; clinical tax education and how tax is understood and perceived in the UK. Her recent work has explored how university students engage with a clinical education in tax, value creation in the UK, and how environmental taxation can be used to drive behavioral change in businesses in relation to energy consumption.

Lorna will be on sabbatical in the 2024-25 academic year

Lorna Richardson joined the Law School after seven years practising as a commercial litigator with major Scottish law firms. Her particular interests include contract law, particularly in relation to formation, interpretation and breach. In her time in practice Lorna acted in a number of contract dispute cases which generated significant comment. Lorna is also interested in contract law in a comparative context.

Alexandra will be on sabbatical in the 2024-25 academic year

Professor Braun completed her undergraduate degree at the University of Genoa and received a PhD in Comparative Private Law from the University of Trento. Prior to coming to Edinburgh, she was Professor of Comparative Private Law at the University of Oxford, as well as a Fellow and Tutor in Law at Lady Margaret Hall.

Professor Braun is an elected Associate Member of the International Academy of Comparative Law as well as a Visiting Research Fellow at the Institute of European and Comparative Law in Oxford and an Honorary Research Fellow at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.

The staff teaching on this programme are subject to change for the 2024-25 academic year. Staff listed as on sabbatical will not be available to teach for the duration of their sabbatical.

Find out what it's like to study for an LLM in Commercial Law at Edinburgh Law School from our current and former students.

Karan, India

Karan, originally from India, studied for an LLM in Commercial Law in 2021/22 graduating in 2022. In this video he talks about his experience of studying for an LLM at Edinburgh Law School, life in Edinburgh and her plans for the future.

Watch Konstantina's graduate interview on how participating in the Vis Moot and Commercial Law Mentorship Programme helped her meet legal professionals and increase her network.

Applications for the 2024-25 academic year have now closed. Applications for entry in 2025-26 will open in October 2024. 

Please note that the information provided is for entry in the 2024-25 academic year and requirements for future academic years may differ. 

This programme can be studied full-time over one year, or part-time over two years subject to visa restrictions.

Due to high demand, the school operates a number of selection deadlines. We will make a small number of offers to the most outstanding candidates on an ongoing basis, but hold the majority of applications until the next published selection deadline when we will offer a proportion of the places available to applicants selected through a competitive process.

We recommend that you apply as early as possible. This is particularly important for applicants who may need to allow sufficient time to take an English language test, for overseas students who may need time to satisfy necessary visa requirements and/or to apply for University accommodation.

We require a minimum 2:1 honours degree from a UK university, or its international equivalent, in law. We may also consider candidates with a degree in a related discipline which includes relevant prior study. Entry to this programme is competitive. Meeting minimum requirements for consideration does not guarantee an offer of study.

Supporting Your Application

• Relevant work experience is not required but may increase your chances of acceptance.
• Relevant professional qualifications will be considered.
• Preference will be given to those with grades above the minimum requirements due to strong competition for places on this programme.

International qualifications

You can check whether your degree qualification is equivalent to the minimum standard before applying.

Check your degree

Students from China

This degree is Band A.

Find out more about our postgraduate entry requirements for students from China

Postgraduate study in the field of law requires a thorough, complex and demanding knowledge of English, so we ask that the communication skills of all students are at the same minimum standard.

You must demonstrate a level of English language competency at a level that will enable you to succeed in your studies, regardless of your nationality or country of residence.

English language tests

We accept the following English language qualifications at the grades specified:

Two year expiry

• IELTS Academic / IELTS Academic for UKVI and IELTS Academic Online : total 7.0 (at least 7.0 in the writing component and 6.5 in each other module)
• TOEFL-iBT (including Special Home Edition): total 100 (at least 25 in writing and 23 in each other module)
• Trinity ISE: ISE III with a pass in all four components
• PTE Academic: 70 overall with at least 70 in the writing component and 62 in each other component *Please note that we have suspended acceptance of PTE Academic Online with immediate effect*
• Oxford ELLT (Global and Digital): 8 overall with at least 8 in the writing component and 7 in each other component

Three and a half year expiry

• C1 Advanced, formerly known as Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE)
• C2 Proficiency, formerly known as Cambridge English: Proficiency (CPE)

Your English language qualification must be no more than two years old from the start of the month in which the programme you are applying to study begins, unless you are using CAE/CPE, in which case it must be no more than three and a half years old on the first of the month in which the degree begins.

Degrees taught and assessed in English

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, that was taught and assessed in English in a majority English speaking country as defined by UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI). The UK Government's website provides a list of majority English speaking countries.

View the UKVI list of majority English speaking countries

We also accept an undergraduate or postgraduate degree, or equivalent, that has been taught and assessed in English from a university on our list of approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries.

Approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries

If you are not a national of a majority English speaking country, then your degree must be no more than five years old at the beginning of your programme of study.

View approved universities in non-majority English speaking countries

Your application may not be successful if you do not currently satisfy any of these requirements; alternatively, you may be offered a place conditional on your reaching the satisfactory standard by the time you start the degree.

Find out more about the University's English language requirements

Pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes

We also accept satisfactory completion of our English for Academic Purposes programme as meeting our English language requirements. You must complete the programme no more than two years and one month before the start date of the degree you are applying to study.

Find out more about the University's Pre-sessional English for Academic Purposes

English language support

The University runs a series of programmes for English Language Education, including a pre-sessional English Language Programme intended to strengthen your English Language skills before you start your programme of study.

Find out more about English language support offered by the University

Deadlines for applicants applying to study the LLM in Commercial Law in 2024-25 are provided in the table below.

We monitor application numbers carefully to ensure we are able to accommodate all those who receive offers. It may therefore be necessary to close a programme earlier than the published deadline and if this is the case we will place a four-week warning notice on the relevant programme page.

Please note that the deadline for meeting the conditions of an offer is 18 August 2024.

Applications are made online via the University Application Service, EUCLID.

Please follow the instructions carefully and make sure that you have included the following documentation with your application:

• You will need to submit a personal statement of around 500 words, outlining your academic history and relevant experience. Guidance on writing your personal statement .
• Degree certificates showing award of degree
• Previous academic transcripts for all past degree programmes (please upload the full transcript showing results from all years of study)
• A reference in support of your application. The reference should be academic and dated no earlier than one year from the start of study on the LLM programme
• Evidence of English language proficiency, if required

If you are currently studying for your degree or you are not in a possession of an English test result you may still apply to the programme. Please note that it is your responsibility to submit the necessary documents.

Please be aware that applications must be submitted and complete, i.e. all required documents uploaded, by the relevant application deadline in order to be considered in that round. Your application will still be considered if you have not yet met the English language requirement for the programme.

View full detailed application guidance

Students at this University must not undertake any other concurrent credit bearing studies in this (or in any other) institution, unless the College has granted permission. The College must be satisfied that any additional credit-bearing studies will not restrict the student’s ability to complete their existing programme of study. Students will not be permitted to undertake concurrent degree programmes in any circumstances.

If you are studying at this or another institution just prior to the start of your postgraduate studies you must have finished these studies before the start of the programme to which you have an offer.

After your application has been submitted you will be able to track its progress through the University's applicant hub.

Application processing times will vary, however the admissions team will endeavour to process your application within four to six weeks of submission. Please note that missing documentation will delay the application process.

You will be informed as soon as possible of the decision taken. Three outcomes are possible:

• You may be offered a place unconditionally
• You may be offered a conditional place, which means that you must fulfil certain conditions that will be specified in the offer letter. Where a conditional offer is made, it is your responsibility to inform the College Postgraduate Office when you have fulfilled the requirements set out.  Please note that the deadline for meeting the conditions of an offer is 18 August 2024.
• Your application may be unsuccessful. If your application has not been successful, you can request feedback from us or refer to our guidance for unsuccessful applicants, which explains some of the common reasons we why we reach this decision. View the University's guidance for unsuccessful applicants

Deferring your offer

We do not normally offer deferrals, however, we may be able to make a very limited number of offers for deferred entry in exceptional circumstances.

View full guidance on deferral requests

If you receive an offer of admission, either unconditional or conditional, you will be asked to pay a tuition fee deposit of £1,500 (within 28 days of receiving your offer) to secure your place on the programme.

Find out more about tuition fee deposits

The University’s terms and conditions form part of your contract with the University, and you should read them, and our data protection policy, carefully before applying.

University of Edinburgh admissions terms and conditions

If you have any questions about applying to the LLM in Commercial Law please don't hesitate to contact us.

Key information

Llm and msc programmes.

Commercial Law research

Why Edinburgh Law School?

Edinburgh Centre for Commercial Law

5 Resources to Use to Find Killer Law Dissertation Topics

5 resources to use to find a killer law dissertation topic.

By Christopher Mallon LLB, LLM, PhD Candidate and Private Tutor and Award Winning Dissertation Tutor.

As a law dissertation tutor, I work with many law students who struggle to

find a good law dissertation topic.  It is certainly in top 10 requests

I receive on a weekly basis.

Well never fear – help is here.

The key is to find a topic that is interesting and allows for critical debate.

The good news is that law students already have access to resources

that can help. In this post, I will show you 5 resources to use to find

a law dissertation topic.

• The Law Commission website

The business of the Law Commission is law reform. The Commission is

tasked with ensuring the law is fair, simple and modern.

You can bet their website is a pretty good resource for sparking a

great law dissertation topic idea.

a. The news section

The site’s news section gives regular updates on law reform.

The headlines can provide some current insight into law reform and can ignite ideas for you:

You can see a couple of headlines here.

Using these as inspiration you might consider whether the current law is

capable of providing a definite answer as to whether electronic signatures can

be used to contract or whether legislation should be used.

Or you might investigate financial order reform if you prefer a family law or land law theme.

You can see from the diagram above that there is a search facility on the Law

Commission website.

Just type in a keyword or phrase of a topic that interests you.

Then check out what comes up in the search results. You should come across

some inspiration for a fantastic idea for your law dissertation.

b. The 13th Programme for Law Reform

The Law Commission has recently published its 13th Programme for Law Reform.

What is it?

It is essentially a document indicating what legal reforms the Commission will

consider over the next 2-3 years.

The Commission has ‘focused on reforms which will reduce unfairness for the citizen

and those which will help to enhance the UK’s competitiveness internationally following

our exit from the European Union.’

Some of these topics that the Law Commission will concentrate on include:

• A Modern Framework for Disposing of the Dead
• Administrative Review
• Automated Vehicles
• Electronic Signatures
• Employment Law Hearing Structures
• Intermediated Securities
• Modernising Trust Law for a Global Britain
• Museum Collections
• Registered Land and Chancel Repair Liability
• Residential Leasehold
• Simplifying the Immigration Rules
• Smart Contracts
• Unfair Terms in Residential Leasehold

You can download the full 49-page report here. 

The report gives a small synopsis of each reform project. These can spark a really good

idea in your mind and provide the first shoots of your dissertation project.

In addition, the report also outlines the ‘maybe’ projects. Projects that at present

are not considered a primary focus for the Commission. The Commission’s loss

could be your gain.

Check out those projects and see if any interest you for your law dissertation.

2. Lexis PSL

I admit it.

I love Lexis PSL.

There. I said it.

I know I sometimes sound like I am a shareholder in the company but I am not.

I just think it is a fantastic resource for law students generally and for a law

dissertation project.

But how can it help you come up with a law dissertation topic ?

Lexis PSL is designed for practitioners like solicitors and barristers. However, many law students

have access to these resources.

They are split into sections like family law, employment law, company law and so on.

From the main menu, hover over each subject and you will see many topics that are

related to your law degree and very practical topics also. Finding a good dissertation topic

is also about finding an original dissertation idea. Lexis PSL lets you do that.

LexisPSL is accessible through the homepage of your Lexis subscription. Most if not all

Law Schools have these. Seek help from your law librarian if you need help to

access this resource.

3. The Supreme Court website

The website for the highest court in the land is our next stop.

One part of the Supreme Court website outlines appeals that will be heard

by the Justices over the next few months. You can access a list of upcoming

hearings here.

You should see a list similar to this:

How can this help with my dissertation?

Scroll down the list and spot a case that interests you. You can see a brief synopsis

of the main legal issue in the case under the ‘case summary’ column.  The main

legal issue in the case is usually framed as a question. With some editing this could

become the research question for your dissertation.

Let’s take an example of an upcoming case summary from the site:

Whether non-clinically trained reception staff at an A&E department owed a tortious duty of care

to the appellant to provide him with accurate information regarding waiting times.

With a small adjustment this can become a dissertation topic to do with duty of care

in tort and in the context of medical staff.

Top Tip: start your research question with ‘Ought’ or ‘Should’ and make sure it

can be stated in one sentence to ensure that your research topic is critical and precise.

The great thing about the Supreme Court site is that the legal issue before the court

will be phrased as a question. This can form your research question for your dissertation.

Your research question could become:

Ought non-clinically trained reception staff at an A&E department owed a tortious duty of care when

providing waiting time information to patients?

4.  The “Thesis” PDF trick

This little trick is great.

You are not the first law student to write a law dissertation.

Thousands have come before you.

And the majority of law dissertations tend to find themselves made public at some stage.

This is usually through a University library website.

This method is not a license for you to copy a student’s dissertation.

I repeat. This is not an excuse for plagiarism.

You are merely trying to see what ideas other students have come up with to

help inspire your own idea. This could be extending, challenging, refining

or updating something that you see in a published dissertation.

Let’s say you are interested in a law dissertation about floating and fixed

charges and how they can be reformed.

On the Google Homepage search for:

“floating charge” AND “fixed charge” AND “reform” AND “thesis” pdf

This will return all publicly available dissertations in this area.

If you want to see high-level work at Ph.D. level on your topic area add the

words ‘partial fulfilment’ to your search terms.

All Ph.D. thesis have a title page which states that a thesis is being submitted

as ‘partial fulfilment of the requirements of a Ph.D.’

Including ‘partial fulfilment’ in your Google search means you will pick

these up in your search.

The literature reviews in these pieces can be a really good first step for you

in finding out what the current law/debate/theory is in this area.

5. Guardian Law

Before we begin.

Other UK newspapers do exist.

However, I prefer the Guardian.

First, unlike the Times you do not need to pay for access.

Second, the depth of detail is just about right.

How can the Guardian help you come up with a dissertation topic?

Well – this one is an easy one.

Read the articles and see what interests you.

Then make sure the story reveals a legal element. Good law dissertations will be rooted in law.

Try and find an article that engages an area from your core or optional modules.

I hope this helps. If you have any queries about the dissertation process, 

law dissertation ideas and how to score well, get in touch.

Edinburgh Research Archive

•   ERA Home
• Law, School of

Law thesis and dissertation collection

By Issue Date Authors Titles Subjects Publication Type Sponsor Supervisors

Search within this Collection:

Presented here is a selection of theses and dissertations from the School of Law. Please note that this is not a complete record of all degrees awarded by the School.

This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information are expected to adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. In most cases, these works may not be reposted without the explicit permission of the copyright holder.

Recent Submissions

Isolation in scottish prisons: what does it mean to be alone inside a socio-legal analysis , taking legal change seriously: examining calls for modernising the rules providing for seller's liability for defective goods in the chilean civil code , conceptualisation and implementation of res judicata in the transnational arbitral legal order , out of place and out of time: older prisoners in chile , mind the gap: an empirical study of terrorism offences, law-making, and discretion , challenges and limitations of granting legal personality to distributed/decentralized autonomous organizations , development of international shipping standards under the auspices of the imo and their implementation in practice: a case study of thailand , adequacy of the ex post armed attack framework of the jus ad bellum in relation to the evolving means and methods of warfare , governing disputed maritime areas , what we say when we criminalise: a metanormative inquiry , testamentary law in england, c. 1450-1540 , sovereign immunity from execution of foreign arbitral awards in the 21st century , conceptualizations of addiction in harm reduction strategies for effective and ethical uk drug policy , liminality and the lived experience of law in medicine: the legal consciousness of physicians in encounters with people living as undocumented migrants , contested citizenship and statelessness in question: an anlysis of cases of overseas taiwanese people and tibetan exiles in taiwan , eternity and the constitution: the promise and limits of eternity clauses , hate speech in the british press: a theoretical and practical assessment of the case for broader regulation , liberty versus security under illiberal constitutionalism: the legality of criminalising humanitarian assistance in hungary and greece , operationalising ‘publicness’ in data-intensive health research regulation: an examination of the public interest as a regulatory device , worldmaking powers of law and performance: queer politics beyond/against neoliberal legalism .

HLS Dissertations, Theses, and JD Papers

S.j.d. dissertations, ll.m. papers, ll.m. theses, j.d. papers, submitting your paper to an online collection, other sources for student papers beyond harvard, getting help, introduction.

This is a guide to finding Harvard Law School (“HLS”) student-authored works held by the Library and in online collections. This guide covers HLS S.J.D Dissertations, LL.M. papers, J.D. third-year papers, seminar papers, and prize papers.

There have been changes in the HLS degree requirements for written work. The library’s collection practices and catalog descriptions for these works has varied. Please note that there are gaps in the library’s collection and for J.D. papers, few of these works are being collected any longer.

If we have an S.J.D. dissertation or LL.M. thesis, we have two copies. One is kept in the general collection and one in the Red Set, an archival collection of works authored by HLS affiliates. If we have a J.D. paper, we have only one copy, kept in the Red Set. Red Set copies are last resort copies available only by advance appointment in Historical and Special Collections .

Some papers have not been processed by library staff. If HOLLIS indicates a paper is “ordered-received” please use this form to have library processing completed.

The HLS Doctor of Juridical Science (“S.J.D.”) program began in 1910.  The library collection of these works is not comprehensive. Exceptions are usually due to scholars’ requests to withhold Library deposit. 

• HLS S.J.D. Dissertations in HOLLIS To refine these search results by topic or faculty advisor, or limit by date, click Add a New Line.
• Hein’s Legal Theses and Dissertations Microfiche Mic K556.H45x Drawers 947-949 This microfiche set includes legal theses and dissertations from HLS and other premier law schools. It currently includes about 300 HLS dissertations and theses.
• Hein's Legal Theses and Dissertations Contents List This content list is in order by school only, not by date, subject or author. It references microfiche numbers within the set housed in the Microforms room on the entry level of the library, drawers 947-949. The fiche are a different color for each institution.
• ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ Harvard University (Harvard login) Copy this search syntax: dg(S.J.D.) You will find about 130 SJD Dissertations dated from 1972 to 2004. They are not available in full text.
• DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard Sponsored by Harvard University’s Office for Scholarly Communication, DASH is an open repository for research papers by members of the Harvard community. There are currently about 600 HLS student papers included. Unfortunately it is not possible to search by type of paper or degree awarded.

The Master of Laws (“LL.M.”) degree has been awarded since 1923. Originally, the degree required completion of a major research paper, akin to a thesis. Since 1993, most students have the option of writing the LL.M. "short paper."  This is a 25-page (or longer) paper advised by a faculty supervisor or completed in conjunction with a seminar.  Fewer LL.M. candidates continue to write the more extensive "long-paper." LL.M. candidates holding J.D.s from the U.S. must write the long paper.

• HLS Written Work Requirements for LL.M. Degree The current explanation of the LL.M. written work requirement for the master of laws.

The library generally holds HLS LL.M. long papers and short papers. In recent years, we require author release in order to do so. In HOLLIS, no distinction is made between types of written work created in satisfaction of the LL.M. degree; all are described as LL.M. thesis. Though we describe them as thesis, the law school refers to them solely as papers or in earlier years, essays. HOLLIS records indicate the number of pages, so at the record level, it is possible to distinguish long papers.

• HLS LL.M. Papers in HOLLIS To refine these search results by topic, faculty advisor, seminar or date, click Add a New Line.

Note that beginning with papers from the 2023-24 academic year, papers will be available in digital format only. The workflow for this new process is underway.

HLS LL.M. Papers are sometimes available in DASH and Hein's Legal Dissertations and Theses. See descriptions above .

The HLS J.D. written work requirement has changed over time. The degree formerly required a substantial research paper comparable in scope to a law review article written under faculty supervision, the "third year paper." Since 2008, J.D. students have the option of using two shorter works instead.

Of all those written, the library holds relatively few third-year papers. They were not actively collected but accepted by submission from faculty advisors who deemed a paper worthy of institutional retention. The papers are described in HOLLIS as third year papers, seminar papers, and student papers. Sometimes this distinction was valid, but not always. The faculty deposit tradition more or less ended in 2006, though the possibility of deposit still exists. 

• J.D. Written Work Requirement
• Faculty Deposit of Student Papers with the Library

HLS Third Year Papers in HOLLIS

To refine these search results by topic, faculty advisor, seminar or date, click Add a New Line.

• HLS Student Papers Some third-year papers and LL.M. papers were described in HOLLIS simply as student papers. To refine these search results, click "Add a New Line" and add topic, faculty advisor, or course title.
• HLS Seminar Papers Note that these include legal research pathfinders produced for the Advanced Legal Research course when taught by Virginia Wise.

Prize Papers

HLS has many endowed prizes for student papers and essays. There are currently 16 different writing prizes. See this complete descriptive list with links to lists of winners from 2009 to present. Note that there is not always a winner each year for each award. Prize winners are announced each year in the commencement pamphlet.

The Library has not specifically collected prize papers over the years but has added copies when possible. The HOLLIS record for the paper will usually indicate its status as a prize paper. The most recent prize paper was added to the collection in 2006.

Addison Brown Prize Animal Law & Policy Program Writing Prize Victor Brudney Prize Davis Polk Legal Profession Paper Prize Roger Fisher and Frank E.A. Sander Prize Yong K. Kim ’95 Memorial Prize Islamic Legal Studies Program Prize on Islamic Law Laylin Prize LGBTQ Writing Prize Mancini Prize Irving Oberman Memorial Awards John M. Olin Prize in Law and Economics Project on the Foundations of Private Law Prize Sidney I. Roberts Prize Fund Klemens von Klemperer Prize Stephen L. Werner Prize

• Harvard Law School Prize Essays (1850-1868) A historical collection of handwritten prize essays covering the range of topics covered at that time. See this finding aid for a collection description.

The following information about online repositories is not a recommendation or endorsement to participate.

• ProQuest Dissertations and Theses HLS is not an institutional participant to this collection. If you are interested in submitting your work, refer to these instructions and note that there is a fee required, which varies depending on the format of submission.
• EBSCO Open Dissertations Relatively new, this is an open repository of metadata for dissertations. It is an outgrowth of the index American Doctoral Dissertations. The aim is to cover 1933 to present and, for modern works, to link to full text available in institutional repositories. Harvard is not one of the institutional participants.
• DASH Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard

Sponsored by Harvard University’s Office for Scholarly Communication, this is an open repository for research papers by members of the Harvard community. See more information about the project. 

Some HLS students have submitted their degree paper to DASH.  If you would like to submit your paper, you may use this authorization form  or contact June Casey , Librarian for Open Access Initiatives and Scholarly Communication at Harvard Law School.

• ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (Harvard Login) Covers dissertations and masters' theses from North American graduate schools and many worldwide. Provides full text for many since the 1990s and has descriptive data for older works.
• NDLTD Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations Union Catalog Worldwide in scope, NDLTD contains millions of records of electronic theses and dissertations from the early 1900s to the present.
• Law Commons of the Digital Commons Network The Law Commons has dissertations and theses, as well as many other types of scholarly research such as book chapters and conference proceedings. They aim to collect free, full-text scholarly work from hundreds of academic institutions worldwide.
• EBSCO Open Dissertations Doctoral dissertations from many institutions. Free, open repository.
• Dissertations from Center for Research Libraries Dissertations found in this resource are available to the Harvard University Community through Interlibrary Loan.
• British Library EThOS Dissertation source from the British Library listing doctoral theses awarded in the UK. Some available for immediate download and some others may be requested for scanning.
• BASE from Bielefeld University Library Index of the open repositoris of most academic institutions. Includes many types of documents including doctoral and masters theses.

Contact Us!

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• Last Updated: Aug 20, 2024 8:59 AM
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Harvard University Digital Accessibility Policy

International Commercial Law LLM

Postgraduate taught degree

This course is for 2024/25 entry.

Details for 2025/26 entry are also available.

Key information

Build specialist legal knowledge and skills in international commercial &and business law and regulation through our International Commercial Law LLM. Your learning will cover a dynamic global range of subjects from international trade law and shipping, to transnational law and business regulation.

Choose from multiple start dates

• September 2024
• January 2025

City, University of London

Northampton Square

• Online sessions
• Open evening
• Register interest

Study on campus in London or online

Design your own learning path by choosing modules to match your interests and professional ambitions

Deep learning of international commercial law through an expansive selection of subjects

• Course overview

Teaching and assessment

Fees and funding, how to apply, international commercial law llm course overview, benefits of this course.

• Your learning will cover a wide range of distinct yet related subjects within the field of international business and commercial law.
• Our comprehensive selection of commercial modules span from international trade and shipping, to finance and banking, competition law and tax.
• You will be able to design your own learning by selecting modules to suit your interests and professional goals.
• We give you expert guidance and academic support throughout the degree, enabling you to clearly focus on your career ambitions.
• This course is internationally renowned and your knowledge and skills will be valued in legal practice, government and industry.
• The course is delivered using a hybrid model of delivery enabling students to either attend in person on campus or online via Teams, with all students being able to interact and participate in the class regardless of their mode of attendance. Classes are also recorded and supported by extensive online materials so it is also possible to follow the course asynchronously.

You can select to apply for one of the available exit points for this course.

Master of Laws (LLM)

Who is this course for.

This programme is ideal if you want to deepen your knowledge of the commercial dimension associated with international legal issues.

You may currently be anywhere in the world or at any stage of your career, but you will be committed to developing expert knowledge of commercial law.

• Full-time: 1 year
• Part-time: 2 years

Total credits: 180

Made up of:

• Elective modules (150 credits)
• Dissertation module (30 credits)

PGDip Total credits: 150 If you successfully complete 150 credits , you have the opportunity to graduate with a Postgraduate Diploma in Law.

PGCert Total credits: 30 If you successfully complete 30 credits , you have the opportunity to graduate with a Postgraduate Certificate in Law.

As with all Master of Laws (LLM) specialisms at City, University of London, you will complete 5 taught modules (30 credits each) and a 30 credit research project or dissertation.

All taught modules run across a 10 week term (September – December or January – April) rather than the whole academic year.

You will take three modules in one term and two in the other. Research Projects/Dissertations are written during the summer term when there are no classes, but you will participate in a series of skills workshops to support your work on this module, which take place during teaching periods

In order to obtain this specialism, you must choose at least two modules from within this specialism and write your research project/dissertation on a subject within the specialism.

As with all LLM specialisms, you will also have a choice of any of the modules on our Master of Laws LLM .

Not all elective modules will run every academic year and are subject to sufficient numbers of students choosing them and staff availability.

Elective modules

Admiralty Law (30 credits)

This module focusses on a wide range of rights and liabilities arising (whether under contracts, in tort, or by virtue of special doctrines and rules of maritime law) from the ownership, possession, and physical operation of commercial ships.

Carriage of Goods by Sea (30 credits)

Traditionally shipping law is divided into two categories; “wet shipping” or “dry shipping”. In this module you will learn exclusively about “dry” shipping issues, which deal with the legal documents frequently in use such as the charter party and the bill of lading.

Contemporary Issues in Intellectual Property Law (30 credits)

Corporate Finance Law (30 credits)

In this module you will analyse the different aspects of corporate finance regulation from a UK and international perspective.

Corporate Law in a Global Context (30 credits)

This module examines the relationship between corporate law and the multinational enterprise. You will learn about the crucial role played by both publicly listed and private companies on the world’s economy, focusing in particular on corporate governance.

International Banking Law (30 credits)

The aim of the module is to introduce you to key elements of international banking law and place these in a practical and current context by focusing on current developments and the regulatory and other issues raised by international banking crises, including the so-called ‘credit crunch’. This module will aim to be a useful part of a general commercial law and business law postgraduate programme

International Commercial Arbitration (30 credits)

The module will utilise a comparative approach to commercial arbitration within the international arena, including disputes with States and other commercial parties. A regular comparison of different laws in various States will enable you to evaluate and assess best legal approaches.

International Intellectual Property Law and Policy (30 credits)

This module will provide you with in-depth knowledge of the specialised area of policy and legal studies of International Intellectual Property Law and Policy. You will focus on aspects such as trademarks, patents, designs, copyright, geographical indications, and confidential information.

International Investment Law (30 credits)

This module is focused on the international law governing foreign direct investment, meaning the activities of multinational corporations, including the establishment of entirely new facilities abroad and the purchase of other companies abroad.

International Tax (30 credits)

This module provides an overview of the rationale behind international taxation, categories and types of taxation, and the main issues with international tax law, including: digitalization; reform of corporate tax; the interrelation between international, regional and domestic tax jurisdiction; state sovereignty; and implementation. It provides an academic understanding of each issue, looking at relevant examples of taxes. It takes a strategic approach to considering whether international tax law should be, and could be, harmonised. The module considers the full international tax law context and current issues.

International Trade Law (30 credits)

This module will provide you with an understanding of the key aspects of International Trade Law, including the large scale sale of goods between trading partners in different countries and the legal rules that underpin this trade.

Marine Insurance (30 credits)

This module focusses on the English law of marine insurance contracts, undertaking a critical examination both of its general principles and of a range of more specific coverage issues arising under commonly used London-market hull and machinery and cargo insurance clause, and protection and indemnity club rules.

Merger Controls (30 credits)

This module offers a comprehensive overview of the merger control regime of the European Union, covering the procedural and substantive elements of the law applicable to business concentrations.

Oil and Gas Law (30 credits)

This module will focus on the legal issues involved in the discovery and exploitation of oil and gas which provide the world’s energy needs; an increasingly important area of commerce and so also of the law.

Project Finance and Law (30 credits)

This module explores the risks attached to large scale infrastructure and other projects of significant cost, looking at funding issues and how lenders can curtail associated risks.

World Trade Law (30 credits)

In this module you will explore the various ways in which the World Trade Organisation (WTO) system seeks to maintain and expand international trade and the extent to which these limit the regulatory autonomy of member states.

Dissertation

Research Project or Dissertation (30 Credits)

You will be required to complete a 10,000 word research project or dissertation on a subject relating to International Commercial Law. This provides you with the opportunity to undertake a piece of original, independent research, building on and focussed on the topic or topics that are of particular interest to you. This research can be conducted in the form of a theoretical dissertation or a more practical self-selected research project approved by your appointed supervisor. Thus, the particular format of your work will depend on the subject area, case studies, research questions or project objectives you choose and may include reviewing literature or doing a work-based research project.

Programme specification

The programme specification contains more information on how the course is organised, the requirements for progression for each part and credits required for awards.

Download course specification:

• LALMLLM02 Master of Laws LLM

You will learn from leading academics and visiting practitioners.

For each taught module you will engage with one lecture and one seminar per week over a ten week period.

You will be assessed mainly through coursework, with each module contributing equally to your qualification.

Some modules may be assessed by filmed assessment or examination or other form of assessment.

You will also have a range of skills workshops spread across the programme. These will cover topics such as legal research, academic writing and developing a project/dissertation topic.

These sessions will both enhance your skills and support your work on the project/dissertation. You will also be assigned a project/dissertation supervisor who will provide one-to-one support.

Hybrid teaching

Our LLM programmes are designed for hybrid learning. You have the choice of studying on campus in London or online from anywhere in the world.

You can follow all classes synchronously and asynchronously. However, please note that all live teaching, personal tutoring and dissertation supervision will take place between 9am – 6pm UK time.

Classroom technology enables academic staff to present to their class and lead discussion with students on campus and online simultaneously.

All classroom teaching is supplemented by online materials.

All classes are recorded and can easily be accessed at any time if you wanted to follow the classes asynchronously.

If you intend to study fully online please email  [email protected] to confirm this once you have submitted your application.

Please note that it will not be possible to change your mode of study during the course.

Fees for academic year 2024/25

Explore up-to-date information about funding options, available financial support and typical living costs.

10% Loyalty Discount

We offer City students a loyalty discount upon enrolling on a second course at The City Law School. All you need to do is meet the entry requirements for your second course (postgraduate level) and we will automatically take 10% off of your tuition fees.

This can be received in addition to receiving a scholarship and will be applied to the second round of payments due.

Additional expenses

Some of our degrees may involve additional expenses which are not covered by your tuition fees.  Find out more about additional expenses .

Our bursaries are non-repayable sums of money granted by the University, usually based on need.

Our loans are repayable sums of money granted by the University or other body.

Our scholarships are when the University pays towards your Study fees. You may also be eligible for further funding.

This specialist International Commercial Law LLM will improve your prospects for a career in the field.

You may concentrate on private commercial practice at law firms, working in government or employment across a variety of sectors.

Our aim is for you to be well positioned for legal and non-legal careers. You could work:

• in private practice
• in-house at a law firm
• in policy and government
• in non-governmental organisations
• in non-legal careers.

You may also want to continue your academic studies at The City Law School by enrolling in a PhD.

The City Law School maintains a list of organisations offering internships. Our academic staff and the City Careers Service can advise you on career choices and options.

Gain experience

You will have the opportunity to participate in skills enhancing extra-curricular activity such as mooting or pro bono work via our LawIRL (in real life) Programme .

Entry requirements

Below is a list of countries with information on each about which qualifications we accept. If your country is not listed please email [email protected] .

Don’t meet the entry requirements?  INTO City, University of London offers a range of academic and English language programmes to help prepare you for study at City, University of London. You’ll learn from experienced teachers in a dedicated international study centre.

These programmes are designed for international students who do not meet the required academic and English language requirements for direct entry.

Kaplan International College London

City works in partnership with  Kaplan International College (KIC) London to provide preparatory courses for international students. Pre Masters courses at KIC London offer comprehensive support to students wishing to complete their postgraduate study at City. Progression to this degree is guaranteed if you complete the  KIC London Pre-Masters course at the required level.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Zimbabwean equivalent required.

The equivalents provided are intended as a guide only and individual applications are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

Zimbabwean Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (60%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

If you don't meet the entry requirements please check to see if there is a suitable preparatory programme available for your course at INTO City, University of London or Kaplan International College London .

Visa requirements

International Students coming to study in the UK may need to apply for a visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study. The way that you apply may vary depending on the length of your course. There are different rules for:

• Students on courses of more than six months
• Students on courses of less than six months

For more information see our main Visa page .

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Zambian equivalent required.

Zambian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Vietnamese equivalent required.

Vietnamese Bachelor degrees (Bang Tot Nghiep Dai Hoc or Bang Cu Nhan) from selected institutions are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Uzbekistani equivalent required.

Uzbekistani Bachelor / Bakalavr degrees are typically accepted with 71% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 55% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ukrainian equivalent required.

Ukrainian Bachelor / Specialist Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a GPA 4.3 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ugandan equivalent required.

Ugandan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.0/5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0/5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the US equivalent required.

US Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Emirati equivalent required.

Emirati Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Turkish equivalent required.

Turkish Bachelor / Lisans Diplomasi degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Tunisian equivalent required.

Tunisian Bachelor / Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Trinidad and Tobago

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Trinidadian and Tobagonian equivalent required.

University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (grade B+) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (grade B) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Thai equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Thai 4 year Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 to 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 to 2.8 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Tanzanian equivalent required.

Tanzanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 50% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Taiwanese equivalent required.

Taiwanese Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 75% or grade B equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70% or grade C equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Syrian equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Syrian Bachelor degrees or Licence are typically accepted with 70-80% or 'very good' equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60-70% or 'good' equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Switzerland

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Swiss equivalent required.

Swiss Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 4.75 out of 6.0, 8 out of 10 or 2 out of 5 (5 to 1 scale) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 4.0 out of 6.0, 6 out of 10 or 3 out of 5 (5 to 1 scale equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

International Students from within the European Economic Area (EEA) may need to apply for a Student visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study if they do not have EU Settlement Status.

• Students on courses of less than six months.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Swedish equivalent required.

Swedish Bachelor degrees or Kandidatexamen are typically accepted with B- 180 ECTS minimum overall or at least 50% of credits graded at VG overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and C- (180 ECTS minimum overall) or at least 20% of credits graded at VG overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Sri Lankan equivalent required.

Sri Lankan 4 year Bachelor Special Degrees or Professional Degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1, grade B+ or GPA 3.3 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2, grade B or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Spanish equivalent required.

Spanish Título de Licenciado, Título de Ingeniero and Título de Arquitecto are typically accepted with 7 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

South Korea

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the South Korean equivalent required.

South Korean Bachelor degrees (Haksa) are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 out of 4.5 or grade B equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.6 or grade C equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

South Africa

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the South African equivalent required.

South African Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Slovenian equivalent required.

Slovenian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Slovakian equivalent required.

Slovakian Bakalar degrees are typically accepted with GPA 1.5 - 2.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2.0 - 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Singaporean equivalent required.

Singaporean Bachelor and Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 3.8 out of 5.0 or II (upper) - Second Class (Upper) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0 or 3.3 out of 5.0 or II (lower) - Second Class (lower) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Serbian equivalent required.

Advanced Diploma of Higher Education and Diplomirani are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Saudi Arabia

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Saudi Arabian equivalent required.

Saudi Arabian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 or GPA 4.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Rwandan equivalent required.

Rwandan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 16 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Russian equivalent required.

Russian Bachelor or Specialist Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.3 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Romanian equivalent required.

Romanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 8 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Qatari equivalent required.

Qatari Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.6 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Portuguese equivalent required.

Portuguese Licenciado are typically accepted with 14 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Polish equivalent required.

Polish Bachelor / Licencjat or Magister degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Philippines

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Filipino equivalent required.

Filipino Masters degree from any recognised institution and Bachelor degrees from selected institutions (i.e. Asian Institute of Management, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University Manila, University of Santo Tomas, University of the Philippines Diliman) are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0, GPA 1.75 out of 5 or 86% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0, GPA 2.5 out of 5 or 80% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Peruvian equivalent required.

Peruvian Grado Académico de Bachiller or Título de Licenciado or Título (Profesional) degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Palestinian equivalent required.

Palestinian Bachelor or Bakalorius degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Pakistani equivalent required.

Pakistani 4 year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Omani equivalent required.

Omani Bachelor or Licence degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Norwegian equivalent required.

Norwegian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a B grade typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a C grade equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Nigerian equivalent required.

Nigerian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or GPA 3.5 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or GPA 2.7 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

New Zealand

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the New Zealand equivalent required.

New Zealand 4-year Bachelor degrees with Honours are typically accepted with Second Class (Division 1) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and Second Class (Division 2) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

New Zealand 3-year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with B+ overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and C+ overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Netherlands

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Dutch equivalent required.

Dutch Bachelor degrees or Doctoraal are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honour Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Nepali equivalent required.

Nepali 4-year Bachelor degrees (post 2017) are typically accepted with GPA 3.3 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Burmese equivalent required.

Burmese Masters degrees are typically accepted with 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Moroccan equivalent required.

Moroccan Bachelors, Licence or Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Mexican equivalent required.

Mexican Titulo de Licenciado are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Mauritian equivalent required.

Mauritian Bachelor degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Maltese equivalent required.

Maltese Bachelor Honours degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

International Students from within the European Economic Area (EEA) may need to apply for a visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study. The way that you apply may vary depending on the length of your course. There are different rules for:

• EEA nationals joining the programme in 2021 and EEA nationals joining from January 2022

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Malaysian equivalent required.

Malaysian Bachelor degrees from Berdaya Saing (Competitive) institutions are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Malaysian Bachelor degrees from Berdaya Maju (Viable) institutions are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and GPA 2.8 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Macanese equivalent required.

Macanese Bachelor degrees or Grau de Licenciatura are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 or B+ equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 or B- equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

For more information  see our main Visa page .

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Luxembourgian equivalent required.

Luxembourgian Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Lithuanian equivalent required.

Lithuanian Bakalauras or Magistras are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Lebanese equivalent required.

The equivalents provided are intended as a guide only and individual applications are assessed on a case by case basis.

Lebanese License or Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 or 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 or 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Latvian equivalent required.

Latvian Bakaluara Diploms are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Laotian equivalent required.

Laotian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kuwaiti equivalent required.

Kuwaiti Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kenyan equivalent required.

Kenyan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2:1 (60%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2:2 (50%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kazakhstani equivalent required.

Kazakhstani Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.3/ 5.0 or GPA 3.3 / 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 / 5.0 or 3.0 /4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Jordanian equivalent required.

Jordanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Japanese equivalent required.

Japanese Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0, grade B or 80% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5, grade C or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Jamaican equivalent required.

University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (55%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Italian equivalent required.

Italian Diploma di Laurea degrees are typically accepted with 104 (out of 110) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 94 (out of 110) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Israeli equivalent required.

Israeli Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 80% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 65% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Irish equivalent required.

Irish Bachelor Honours degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Iraqi equivalent required.

Iraqi Bachelor degrees from selected institutions are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Iranian equivalent required.

Iranian Bachelor degrees (Licence Kharshenasi) are typically accepted with 15 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Indonesian equivalent required.

Depending on their accreditation Indonesian S1 / Sarjana and Dip IV (Sarjana Terapa) are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 to 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 to 2.9 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Indian equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Indian 3 year Bachelor (Honours) or Bachelor (Special) degrees are typically accepted with 60 to 70% (7/10 to 8/10) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 50 to 60% (6/10 to 7/10) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Icelandic equivalent required.

Icelandic Baccalaurreatus degrees are typically accepted with 7.25 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Hungarian equivalent required.

Hungarian Bachelors degrees or University Diplomas are typically accepted with GPA 4 out of 5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3 out of 5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Hong Kong equivalent required.

Hong Kong Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 (or second class honours upper division) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 (or second class honours lower) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Greek equivalent required.

Greek Bachelor degrees or Ptychion are typically accepted with 7.0 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ghanaian equivalent required.

Ghanaian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2:1 (GPA 3.2/4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2:2 (GPA 2.5/4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the German equivalent required.

German Magister Artium / Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the French equivalent required.

French License are typically accepted with 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 11 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Finnish equivalent required.

Finnish Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 out of 5 or 2.0 out of 3.0 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 5 or 1.4 out of 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ethiopian equivalent required.

Ethiopian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Estonian equivalent required.

Estonian Bakalaurusekraad degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Egyptian equivalent required.

Egyptian Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 65% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ecuadorian equivalent required.

Ecuadorian 4 year Título de Licenciado or Título de [subject area] are typically accepted with 80%, 8.0/10 or 18/20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70%, 7.0/10 or 14/20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Danish equivalent required.

Danish Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with grade 6 - 7 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 4 - 5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Czech Republic

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Czech equivalent required.

Czech Bachelor degrees or Bakalar are typically accepted with 2+ equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2 or 2- equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cypriot equivalent required.

Cypriot Bachelor degree or Ptychio are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 (7.0 out of 10) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 / 4.0 (6 out of 10) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Croatian equivalent required.

Croatian Bachelor degree or Baccalaureus or Baccalaurea are typically accepted with GPA 4.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Colombian equivalent required.

Colombian 4 year Licenciado en [subject area] or Título de [subject area] or Profesional en [subject area] or Maestro en [subject area] degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Chinese equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Chinese 4 year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 75 to 80% (GPA 3.0 to 3.3 out of 4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70 to 75% (GPA 2.8 to 3.0 out of 4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Chilean equivalent required.

Chilean 4 year Grado de Licenciado en [subject area] degrees are typically accepted with GPA 5.5 / 7.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 5.0 / 7.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Canadian equivalent required.

Canadian Bachelor degrees / Baccalauréat degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cameroonian equivalent required.

Cameroonian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 18/20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 16/20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cambodian equivalent required.

Cambodian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bulgarian equivalent required.

Bulgarian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.75 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bruneian equivalent required.

Bruneian Bachelor (Honours) degrees are typically accepted with an Upper Second Class Honours classification equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a Lower Secind Class Honours classification equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Brazilian equivalent required.

Brazilian 4 year Título de Bacharel or Título de [subject area] or Título de Licenciado are typically accepted with 7.5/10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5/10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Botswanan equivalent required.

Botswanan Masters degrees are typically accepted with 80% (A grade) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70% (B grade) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bolivian equivalent required.

Bolivian 4 year Licenciado or Título de [subject area] are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 64% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Belgian equivalent required.

Belgian Bachelor degrees (Bachelier) are typically accepted with 70% (14/20) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (12/20) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Barbadian equivalent required.

The University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (55%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bangladeshi equivalent required.

Bangladeshi Bachelor degrees (from selected universities) and Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.25 out of 4.0 or 65% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bahraini equivalent required.

Bahraini Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.3 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Azerbaijani equivalent required.

Azerbaijani Bachelors / Bakalavr Diplomu degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.5 out of 5.0 (80%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 out of 5.0 (70%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Austrian equivalent required.

Austrian Bachelor degrees are accepted with GPA 2.5 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 typically equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Australian equivalent required.

Australian Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted with 70% (Second Class Division A) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (Second Class Division B) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Australian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 70% (Distinction) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (Credit) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Argentine equivalent required.

Argentine 4 year Titulo / Grado de Licenciado or Titulo de [subject area] are typically accepted with 7.5 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.0 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Algerian equivalent required.

Algerian Bachelors, Licence and Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 15 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Albanian equivalent required.

Second Level Integrated Diploma (5 years) and First Level University Diploma are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Afghanistan

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Afghan equivalent required.

Afghan Master's degrees from any recognised institution and Bachelor of Science (Engineering) from Kabul University are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 80% overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or 70% overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

If you are unable to find your country equivalents in the above list, City will consider other international qualifications on a case by case basis.

For further details, please contact us using the contact details at the bottom of this page.

English language requirements

If you are an applicant whose first language is not English and you have not successfully completed and academic qualification at least equivalent to a UK bachelor’s degree which was taught in a majority English-speaking country as define by UK Visas and Immigration , the following qualifications (or equivalent) are also required:

• IELTS: 7.0 or above with a minimum of 6 in each area
• For the LLM we require an overall TOEFL score of 100 or better, with a minimum of 25 in Speaking, and at least 24 in every other component of the test

English language programmes

Don’t meet the English language requirements?  INTO City, University of London offers English language programmes to help prepare you for study at university. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for entry to degree courses.

Application process

When you apply you will be expected to submit the following:

• One application form
• A short personal statement (c800-1200 words) outlining why you are applying for this programme
• A copy of your degree transcript: We require an original transcript or a copy certified by your institution. If you have not yet graduated, you will be required to send us your degree transcript as soon as it is available. You will not be able to register as a City student without having supplied your degree transcript.
• Please note: At least one academic reference is required in order for us to assess your application. However, the admissions tutor may permit professional references if you have been out of higher education for a number of years.

September 2024 entry

• Apply online for LLM International Commercial Law with full-time study in London
• Apply online for LLM International Commercial Law with part-time study in London

January 2025 entry

Contact the postgraduate team.

Telephone: 020 7040 8877

Email: [email protected]

Our academics

Your studies are supported by a team of committed and enthusiastic teachers and researchers, experts in their chosen field. On occasion we also work with external professionals to enhance your learning and appreciation of the wider subject.

Professor Jason Chuah

Professor of Commercial and Maritime Law

Academic law programmes

Our students

Ask a student.

Want to find out more about student life? Chat with our student ambassadors and ask any question you have

Housing and student life

Accommodation and housing  

We offer accommodation options and support for all postgraduate students. Our dedicated Accommodation Service can help you to find private accommodation in London if required.

Student wellbeing  

Our extensive support network spans from learning support and disability support through to counselling, financial advice and career advice. Please do tell us if you need our help.

Living in London  

We are based in the heart of one of the most vibrant and colourful cities in the world. London offers a rich variety of cultural experiences far beyond your studies.

What's happening

Nov  06

Postgraduate Open Evening

Join us at our Postgraduate Open Evening to learn more about our postgraduate courses and discover all the benefits of studying at City, University of London.

Wednesday, 6 th November 2024 , 17:00 – 19:00

Location: Northampton Square

Audience: Prospective students

Monday, 5 th August 2024

“We continue to fight for our minds”: Art Not Evidence makes the case against using drill lyrics as evidence in court

Dr Lambros Fatsis curates event "Art Not Evidence: All Angles" to discuss why drill music lyrics should not be used in court as evidence.

Using company law to make a fairer, more sustainable, society

Professor Nina Boeger’s new book, ‘Rethinking Governance in Public Service Outsourcing: Private Delivery in Sustainable Ownership’, proposes a fresh way forward

Related courses

Master of laws llm.

Create your own programme of study to enhance, develop or transform your career with our Master of Laws LLM degree.

Award: Master of Laws

International Banking and Finance LLM

Gain extensive knowledge and expert insight in a fast-moving area of legal practice with our International Banking and Finance Law LLM at The City Law School.

Useful links

• The City Law School
• Law at City, University of London

Contact details

Postgraduate admissions office.

020 7040 8877

[email protected]

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• Degrees and Programs

LLM in International Business Regulation, Litigation and Arbitration

Focus on settling transnational disputes in a global capital of business and commerce as a part of the nation's leading international law program.

Watch: Minna Mumma LLM ‘22 on the International Business Regulation, Litigation and Arbitration specialization

Outstanding international law and business law professors are joined by faculty who teach securities regulation, banking and financial services, transnational litigation, international commercial and foreign investment arbitration, comparative and international antitrust regulation, international bankruptcy, trade law, civil procedure, and business-related subjects. Their collective expertise is integrated with the diverse social and economic issues that policymakers consider. You also can take classes with  NYU Stern School of Business professors and leading practitioners in New York City's law firms and corporations.

Core professors in this specialization:

Two-part core.

In the two-part core curriculum, you'll find the scope you need to combine regulatory and business law courses with international litigation and arbitration courses, or to focus more in one area. You also will choose from a selection of related courses and be able to take additional classes from across the entire Law School curriculum or law-related classes at NYU Stern.

View Degree Requirements

Workshop Your Thesis

You will take International Business Transactions in the fall and spring , and produce an original piece of scholarship by the end of the year. As you develop your research in stages, you'll complete a short paper by the end of the fall, and choose a thesis topic and outline it by the start of the spring. Then, you'll write your thesis throughout the spring, developing your ideas in response to feedback you receive from other students in a supportive workshop format.

Professional Connections

In this specialization, you'll meet informally with practitioners in the field, some of whom are invited by the Law School's Center for Transnational Litigation, Arbitration, and Commercial Law  for short-term stays in our community as  Scholars-in-Residence . These scholars participate in class sessions and events, and act as commentators on students' presentations in the second semester of the International Business Transactions course. Students, academics and practitioners also convene in the Arbitration Forum to discuss current topics.

Advanced Certificate in Law and Business

The  Advanced Certificate in Law and Business  from NYU's Stern School of Business gives you tools to understand the finance and accounting underlying transactions. You can complete it with your LLM degree.

Intellectual Life

A number of our centers and institutes convene conferences and events with real-world practitioners and policymakers that focus on cross-border issues that arise in a transnational business setting. You also can join student groups and journals that take an interdisciplinary perspective to these issues.

Centers and Institutes

Center for Transnational Litigation, Arbitration, and Commercial Law Center for Financial Institutions Guarini Center on Environmental, Energy and Land Use Law Institute for International Law and Justice Pollack Center for Law and Business Program on Corporate Compliance and Enforcement

Student Groups

International Arbitration Association International Law Society Law and Business Association

Journal of International Law & Politics Journal of Law & Business European International Arbitration Review Transnational Notes (blog)

Career Resources

Get ready for your next career move as you prepare to join NYU Law's network of 40,000+ alumni:

• The  Office of Career Services  supports your private sector job search.
• The  Public Interest Law Center  assists with your future public service career.
• Apply for  post-graduate fellowships for LLMs  in human rights or international finance and development.
• Explore the fully-funded  JSD program , research fellowships at some of our  centers and institutes , and the Law School's  academic career fellowships .
• Learn more about bar exams and admission to practice in the US.

Meet the 2024-25 Faculty Director

Franco Ferrari Clarence D. Ashley Professor of Law

Professor Ferrari has published more than 320 law review articles, book chapters, and encyclopedia entries in various languages and 35 books in the areas of international commercial law, conflict of laws, comparative law, and international commercial arbitration. Read more about Professor Ferrari

© 2024 New York University School of Law. 40 Washington Sq. South, New York, NY 10012.   Tel. (212) 998-6100

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International Commercial Law with Dissertation, LLM

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International Commercial Law with Dissertation

Introduction.

Study a diverse range of areas surrounding the discipline of International Commercial Law with our highly popular postgraduate degree. Gain an in-depth understanding of the subject and enhance your career prospects by delving into topics such as contract law, company law, corporate finance and governance, tax law, international sales and international commercial dispute resolution, and develop academic and research skills by writing a dissertation on a topic of your choice in international commercial law

Study Information

Study options.

Studying International Commercial Law at the University of Aberdeen will give you the opportunity to study a diverse number of exciting topics under the guidance of our world-class teaching staff. Our law school ranks 5th in the UK for Overall Student Satisfaction (National Student Survey 2022) with courses taught by world-class experts who regularly provide consultancy and policy work at international level.

This particular programme was designed with the assistance of external experts, including authors of international agreements as well as our internal staff at the University. With this collaborative input, you will gain valuable insights into international commercial law and will advance your understanding of the subject. The programme has been carefully coordinated to align with the competencies required for today’s international job market. The University of Aberdeen is known for attracting world-class teaching staff with international experience in their specialist subjects. In contrast to the LLM International Commercial Law with Professional Skills, the LLM International Commercial Law with Dissertation offers students the opportunity to develop academic and research skills by writing a dissertation on a topic of their choice in international commercial law

Programme Fees

Information for part-time students: This route will run over three academic years. Candidates can take up to 60 credit points in Year 1, 120 credit points in Year 2, and 60 credit points in Year 3. LS551T and PD5506 must be taken in Year 1, and LS5904 must be taken in Year 2. Candidates must take a remaining 120 credit points. At least 90 credit points must be obtained from the courses listed in the optional course sections of semesters 1 and 3. The remaining credit points may be obtained from the list below or any LLM 30 credit on-campus course.

Compulsory Courses

This course provides students from diverse legal and educational backgrounds with a common understanding of the core research, analytical, and writing skills which will be required for LLM-Taught courses. The course is delivered as a series of five interactive lectures with two individual assessments designed to encourage critical thinking and provide opportunities for early feedback. It also incorporates a library workshop to provide students with hands-on experience with the resources available for course and dissertation work.

This course, which is prescribed for all taught postgraduate students, is studied entirely online, takes approximately 5-6 hours to complete and can be taken in one sitting, or spread across a number of weeks.

Topics include orientation overview, equality and diversity, health, safety and cyber security and how to make the most of your time at university in relation to careers and employability.

Successful completion of this course will be recorded on your Enhanced Transcript as ‘Achieved’.

Optional Courses

Four optional courses must be selected. Two should be selected from semester 1 and two from semester 3.

30 Credit Points

International commercial lawyers frequently work on contracts involving parties from different countries. Here, each one of these jurisdictions may offer a different interpretation of the same contractual provisions. This course is aimed to help commercial lawyers understand how different legal traditions offer different viewpoints on key contractual challenges. At the end of the course, students will be able to understand many of the discrepancies and similarities between legal systems, thus honing a fundamental skill for an international commercial lawyer. The course will cover a wide range of European legal systems, as well as transnational contract law mechanisms including the Principles of European Contract Law and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods.

The complex interaction between investment protection and the sovereign right of states to regulate has been most acute in the energy sector. On the one hand, investors require strong guarantees that states will respect the “rules of the game” that constitute the basis of their investments. On the other, states can be tempted to interfere with foreign energy investments because of their strategic and social importance. This course aims to analyse if existing investment disciplines and international investment protection framework, are adapted to the specific regulatory risks that investors face in the energy landscape of the 21st Century and how best to avoid disputes and manage them.

This course will discuss the trajectory of the development of corporate governance over the past three decades, especially in the UK and the US, with a view to understanding the extent to which underlying theoretical assumptions and policy decisions impact legislative, regulatory and self-regulatory arrangements as well as reform options. Students will gain an understanding of why the company as a legal entity has the shape and form that it does; why certain actors are regarded as internal to corporate governance arrangements and others external; and why ongoing (and sometimes apparently futile) reform efforts take the form that they do.

Tax law is an integral aspect of all international commercial activities; it is crucial for commercial lawyers to have an understanding of tax law even if they are not tax lawyers. This course is a tax law course for general commercial lawyers, providing a gentle introduction to the varieties of tax laws and policies. The course enables a general commercial lawyer to understand tax law and policy discussions, both as public policy concerns and as issues related to clients' commercial matters. The course covers the basics of tax models and introduces a variety of tax law systems, such as income tax, property tax, sales tax and VAT taxes. The course also explains how tax policy can affect corporate and commercial interests, such as the role of tax law in environmental protection, in energy resource stewardship, or in corporate social responsibility. In conclusion, the course is designed for general commercial lawyers to increase their professional skills and legal knowledge related to commercial tax law and policy.

The compulsory dissertation provides the opportunity to research and explore in more detail a specific legal area of your choice.

Please note that all January Start Students must produce their Dissertation Project during the Summer Semester, preparation for which begins in January.

60 Credit Points

Between May and mid-August students prepare a 10,000 word dissertation on a topic of their choice related to their specialist LLM programme. Students are instructed through the delivery of a preparatory lecture, two supervisory meetings and a two hour dissertation planning workshop in a small group setting. Students are expected to spend considerable time on independent research throughout the course of the dissertation module, including; preparation of dissertation plan, amendment of plan in accordance with supervisory comments, preparation for the dissertation workshop, and, of course, in the final 10,000 word dissertation itself.

This is an optional course at postgraduate level and offers a selective and critical examination of company laws in the UK and other systems. It is an appropriate course for students with an interest in working in the corporate sector or who wish to learn more about how company law operates in different countries. Key issues in comparative company law shall be examined and a range of topics will be covered, dealing with corporate entities, their ownership, management and activities.

This course introduces international commercial litigation, the major means of commercial dispute resolution for many sectors of industry and the default means of dispute resolution against which international arbitration is positioned. The course demonstrates the relevance of a venue’s Private International Law (PIL) to its attractiveness for dispute resolution and provides advanced instruction in the relevant post-Brexit aspects of PIL to parties engaged in litigating international commercial disputes.

The course will examine the law and principles of cross-border taxation. It will cover core subjects on international tax law, including the concepts of source and residence taxation, double tax conventions, allocation of taxing rights, transfer pricing and thin capitalisation rules, and international tax avoidance (schemes and prevention).

Attention will be paid to topical issues around international taxation and the efforts being made to modernise the international tax system. This includes an examination of the tax challenges of the digital economy and the solutions being introduced by the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting.

The course content fulfills the core requirements of Module 1 of the ADIT (Advanced Diploma in International Tax) qualification offered by the Chartered Institute of Taxation. The course is also essential for those aiming to practise tax in an international context, either as academics, government officials, or general tax advisors.

The course will be taught from a legal and policy perspective. No prior knowledge of tax is required, but students should be willing to engage with the tax literature and tax affairs.

The demand for international commercial arbitration has increased significantly over the last 20 years. Empirical surveys conducted consistently report figures that suggest around 60% of businesses prefer arbitration over other dispute resolution methods.

Seminar topics have been chosen to give students a good knowledge of international commercial arbitration law. The topics covered will be: (1) Arbitration Agreement and Arbitral Jurisdiction (2) The Role of the Seat (3) Applicable Substantive Law (4) The Arbitral Tribunal (5) Arbitral Procedure and Evidence (6) The Arbitral Award.

The course also provides a lecture on the introduction to international commercial arbitration.

This course considers issues relating to international trade and finance law and addresses the legal and commercial aspects of export-import transactions. It covers trade risks and risk assessment, the law and practice relating to international sale of goods, carriage of goods and insurance matters, international trade finance, digitalisation of international trade and international commercial dispute resolution.

This course introduces students to one of the most highly discussed areas of law in modern societies. Competition law and policy offer a solution to the abuses of power that firms may perpetrate against consumers and the market. Yet, competition law enforcement is limited in many respects.

This course explores the spread of competition law around the world analysing its core provisions from a comparative perspective. The course thus focuses on the core aspects of competition law: anticompetitive agreements, abuse of dominance, and merger regulation. It then offers insights on the analysis of competition law in digital markets and on the international enforcement of its core provisions.

This course will explore issues within the law of corporate finance, with reference to different legal systems. It will provide students with a wider and deeper understanding of various debt and equity finance issues that are crucial to the law of corporate finance.

Information for part-time students: This route will run over two years minimum. Candidates can take up to 120 credit points in an academic year. LS501T and PD5006 must be taken in Year 1, and LS5904 must be taken in Year 2. Candidates must take a remaining 120 credit points. At least 90 credit points must be obtained from the courses listed in the optional sections of semesters 1 and 2. The remaining credit points may be obtained from the list below or any LLM 30 credit on-campus LLM course

Four optional courses must be selected. Two should be selected from semester 1 and two from semester 2.

LS5044 - Corporate Finance Law

Available Programmes of Study

Please note: Students starting their LLM programme in January write their Dissertation project during the Summer semester.

Duration: 12 months full-time. 24 months part time.

We will endeavour to make all course options available. However, these may be subject to change - see our Student Terms and Conditions page .

Fee Information

Additional fee information.

• Fees for individual programmes can be viewed in the Programmes section above.
• In exceptional circumstances there may be additional fees associated with specialist courses, for example field trips. Any additional fees for a course can be found in our Catalogue of Courses .
• For more information about tuition fees for this programme, including payment plans and our refund policy, please visit our Tuition Fees page .

International Applicants

More information about fee status, living costs, and work allowances for international students is available here .

Funding Opportunities

The SFC Postgraduate tuition fee scholarship may be available for those classified as Home/EU fee status students for this programme. Visit the scholarship page for more information.

The James Carnegie maintenance scholarship for postgraduate students is available with this degree.

Scholarships

Self-funded international students enrolling on postgraduate taught (PGT) programmes will receive one of our Aberdeen Global Scholarships, ranging from £3,000 to £8,000, depending on your domicile country. Learn more about the Aberdeen Global Scholarships here .

To see our full range of scholarships, visit our Funding Database .

Related Programmes

You may also be interested in the following related postgraduate degree programmes.

• Business Law and Sustainable Development
• Corporate Finance and Law
• International Commercial Law with Professional Skills
• International Trade Law

How You'll Study

The LLM International Commercial Law with Dissertation has flexibility built in. The programme is structured to allow you the freedom to specialise within international commercial law, yet explore its many aspects. Teaching is organised on a modular basis with a dissertation to be submitted at the end of August each year.

Learning Methods

• Individual Projects

Assessment Methods

Courses are assessed through essays, presentations, role play, group work and project work. The variety of assessments in the programme ensures that students apply theory to practical situations in order to become expert at being able to analyse and reason issues thoroughly.

Why Study International Commercial Law with Dissertation?

Ever since the University’s opening in 1495, the Law School has played a pivotal role in Aberdeen’s history - and there’s no substitute for experience.

• There are over 40 nationalities within the School of Law postgraduate community, so you will benefit from the experiences of international students from all over the world.

Students choose to study Law at Aberdeen because of our reputation for academic excellence and unrivalled student experience. At Aberdeen, you will:

• Gain an advanced understanding of commercial law within an international context, enabling you to apply for jobs around the world as an adviser and consultant.
• Benefit from being taught by an internationally renowned teaching staff and authors of major international agreements.
• Have the opportunity to study the full spectrum of international commercial law across wide ranging markets. We are located in Aberdeen, Europe's energy capital, a world cosmopolitan dynamic city with worldwide links in energy, luxury brands, healthcare and international tourism.

The Centre for Commercial of the Law School fosters research excellence in commercial law and offers unique research activities by serving as a dynamic hub for law academics, legal practitioners, those working in related professions, industry representatives, activists and policymakers, providing opportunities for synergy and rich engagement.

Lecturers regularly provide consultancy, policy work at international level and publish in The International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition, Journal of the Copyright Society of the USA, Law International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Modern Law Review and many other publications.

Interested in this programme?

What our students say, ahmad ali shariati afghanistan.

The Law School focuses on your academic legal skills such as research, writing, advocacy and critical legal thinking. The courses offered in this area prepares students to thrive in their studies and later for the career trajectory they select.

Entry Requirements

Qualifications.

The information below is provided as a guide only and does not guarantee entry to the University of Aberdeen.

Normally a 2(1) honours degree in Law (or another related discipline) or equivalent. Relevant practical experience in the field of commercial law will also be beneficial.

Please enter your country to view country-specific entry requirements.

English Language Requirements

To study for a Postgraduate Taught degree at the University of Aberdeen it is essential that you can speak, understand, read, and write English fluently. The minimum requirements for this degree are as follows:

IELTS Academic:

OVERALL - 6.5 with: Listening - 5.5; Reading - 6.0; Speaking - 5.5; Writing - 6.0

OVERALL - 90 with: Listening - 17; Reading - 21; Speaking - 20; Writing - 21

PTE Academic:

OVERALL - 62 with: Listening - 59; Reading - 59; Speaking - 59; Writing - 59

Cambridge English B2 First, C1 Advanced or C2 Proficiency:

OVERALL - 176 with: Listening - 162; Reading - 169; Speaking - 162; Writing - 169

Read more about specific English Language requirements here .

Document Requirements

You will be required to supply the following documentation with your application as proof you meet the entry requirements of this degree programme. If you have not yet completed your current programme of study, then you can still apply and you can provide your Degree Certificate at a later date.

Additional details for international applicants, including country-specific information, are available here .

Aberdeen Global Scholarship

Eligible self-funded postgraduate taught (PGT) students will receive the Aberdeen Global Scholarship. Explore our Global Scholarships, including eligibility details, on our dedicated page.

Studying International Commercial Law at Aberdeen will prepare you for a range of career options, such as commercial lawyer, commercial legal advisor, commercial litigator or arbitrator, or academic.

Join Internationally Renowned Experts

Internationally renowned teaching staff and academic experts in their field

5th in the UK for Law

Our Law School is ranked 5th in the UK of 105 providers for Overall Student Satisfaction (National Student Survey 2022).

Top 10 UK Law School

We are ranked Top 10 in the UK for Law by the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2024.

Our Experts

You will be taught by and have access to a number of experts, many of whom are internationally renowned within their respective fields. These will include members of the Centre for Commercial Law .

Information About Staff Changes

Taylor library.

The School of Law has its own dedicated law library, Taylor Library , which is located within the Law School building, offering access to the Law collection, Official Publications and the European Documentation Centre.

Get in Touch

Contact details.

• Call Us +44 (0)1224 274260
• Enquire Now Using an online form

Social Media

• Follow the Law School on Facebook
• Follow the Law School on Twitter
• Connect with us on LinkedIn

LLM International Corporate and Commercial Law

Key Information

September 2024 and January 2025

Typical Offer

Brayford Pool

Academic Year

Course overview.

In today's globalised world, the significance of national boundaries is diminishing and a comprehensive knowledge of the law governing international trade and commercial relationships is of critical importance.

This programme enables students to develop an in-depth knowledge of the law and regulations that govern corporate and commercial activities across national borders. It aims to prepare them for responding to the changing and dynamic nature of legal relations between corporations, individuals, and states, and gives them the opportunity to reflect on the private and public dimensions of the legal rules necessary to govern the world economy.

Students on this programme are expected to undertake a substantial dissertation, which is designed to enhance research skills through a detailed investigation in an area of their own choice.

Why Choose Lincoln

Continuing career support after your course finishes

A focus on theoretical knowledge, understanding, and practical experience

Teaching delivered by experts in the field

Emphasis on the development of professional and research skills

Complete a research project in a specialist area

How You Study

You will be expected to undertake eight modules four of which are core modules, and four of which are optional ones which you can select based on your interests and career aspirations.

Typically, teaching is delivered through lectures and seminars, however this varies from module to module. Across the week you can expect around eight contact hours.

There will also be a large amount of self-directed study with roughly two hours being self directed for every taught hour.

There is a compulsory dissertation module on the course, and this is a great opportunity for you to engage in an area of research which you are passionate about. Previous research topics have included corporate social responsibility in Vietnam, and Valuation of Crypto-assets of a Distressed Business.

• Foundation Year
• Second Year
• Master's Level
• Doctoral Level

† Some courses may offer optional modules. The availability of optional modules may vary from year to year and will be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed. Optional module selection may also be affected by staff availability.

We want you to have all the information you need to make an informed decision on where and what you want to study. In addition to the information provided on this course page, our What You Need to Know page offers explanations on key topics including programme validation/revalidation, additional costs, contact hours, and our return to face-to-face teaching.

How you are assessed

Modules are mainly assessed by written assignments, however, with some courses, modules may be assessed with student presentation. Students will also be expected to write a substantial dissertation. There are no written examinations.

Assessment Feedback

The University of Lincoln's policy on assessment feedback aims to ensure that academics will return in-course assessments to students promptly - usually within 15 working days of the submission date.

Career Development

Postgraduate study is an investment in yourself and your future. It can help you to further or completely change your career, develop your knowledge, enhance your salary, or even prepare you to start your own business. This programme aims to equip you with the necessary knowledge and skills required to conduct transnational work within business and industry. The understanding of the legal issues at stake in terms of international economic law, international trade law, and international investment law aim to provide a grounding for careers in firms that either invest and operate in a number of different jurisdictions or which have strong commercial relationships with investors or customers in other countries.

Why Postgraduate Study?  

How to Apply

Postgraduate Application Support

Applying for a postgraduate programme at Lincoln is easy. Find out more about the application process and what you'll need to complete on our How to Apply page. Here, you'll also be able to find out more about the entry requirements we accept and how to contact us for dedicated support during the process.

January Starts 2025

Please note that this course is also available for a January 2025 start. View a full list of courses with January start dates.

Entry Requirements 2024-25

Entry requirements.

First or second class honours degree in a relevant subject such as business related subjects which include an introduction to business law.

If you have studied outside of the UK, and are unsure whether your qualification meets the above requirements, please visit our country pages https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/studywithus/internationalstudents/entryrequirementsandyourcountry/ for information on equivalent qualifications.

Overseas students will be required to demonstrate English language proficiency equivalent to IELTS 6.0 overall, with a minimum of 5.5 in each element. For information regarding other English language qualifications we accept, please visit the English Requirements page https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/studywithus/internationalstudents/englishlanguagerequirementsandsupport/englishlanguagerequirements/ .

If you do not meet the above IELTS requirements, you may be able to take part in one of our Pre-session English and Academic Study Skills courses. https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/studywithus/internationalstudents/englishlanguagerequirementsandsupport/pre-sessionalenglishandacademicstudyskills/ . These specialist courses are designed to help students meet the English language requirements for their intended programme of study.

Course Fees

You will need to have funding in place for your studies before you arrive at the University. Our fees vary depending on the course, mode of study, and whether you are a UK or international student. You can view the breakdown of fees for this programme below.

The University offers a range of merit-based, subject-specific, and country-focused scholarships for UK and international students. To help support students from outside of the UK, we offer a number of international scholarships which range from £1,000 up to the value of 50 per cent of tuition fees. For full details and information about eligibility, visit our scholarships and bursaries pages .

For each course, there may additional costs. These may be with regard to the specific clothing, materials, or equipment required. Some courses provide opportunities for students to undertake field work or field trips. Where these are compulsory, the cost for travel and accommodation will be covered by the University. Where these are optional, students will normally be required to cover their own transport, accommodation, and general living costs.

With regards to text books, the University provides students who enrol with a comprehensive reading list and our extensive library holds either material or virtual versions of the core texts. However, students may prefer to purchase some of these for themselves and will be responsible for this cost.

Funding Your Study

Postgraduate Funding Options

Find out more about the optional available to support your postgraduate study, from Master's Loans to scholarship opportunities. You can also find out more about how to pay your fees and access support from our helpful advisors.

Postgraduate Events

To get a real feel for what it is like to study at the University of Lincoln, we hold a number of dedicated postgraduate events and activities throughout the year for you to take part in.

Academic Contact

For more information about this course, please contact the Programme Leader.

Dr Nicolas Kang-Riou

[email protected]

Prioritising Face-to-Face Teaching

At the University of Lincoln, we strive to ensure our students’ experience is engaging, supportive, and academically challenging. Throughout the Coronavirus pandemic, we have adapted to Government guidance to keep our students, staff, and community safe. All remaining Covid-19 legal restrictions in England were lifted in February 2022 under the Government’s Plan for Living with Covid-19, and we have embraced a safe return to in-person teaching on campus. Where appropriate, face-to-face teaching is enhanced by the use of digital tools and technology and may be complemented by online opportunities where these support learning outcomes.

We are fully prepared to adapt our plans if changes in Government guidance make this necessary, and we will endeavour to keep current and prospective students informed. For more information about how we are working to keep our community safe, please visit our coronavirus web pages .

Home > T_D > LLM_THESES

Theses/Dissertations from 2022 2022

Measuring and Assessing the Impact of Race and Culture Assessments in Sentencing , Alexia Bystrzycki

The Right to Development and Climate Justice: The Nigerian Approach , Ikeanibe Chiamaka Cynthia

Bridging the Gap: International Investment Law and Investor State Dispute Settlement Mechanism as a Catalyst for Economic Downturn and Human Rights Violations in Developing Countries , Rukayat Opeyemi Ibrahim

Assessing the Constitutional Validity of Substantiation Laws for Medical Device Safety and Effectiveness Under the Medical Devices Regulations and the Food and Drugs Act , Victoria Kongats

Redressing the Past to Repair the Present: The Role of Property Law in Creating and Exacerbating Racial Disparities in Wealth and Poverty in Nova Scotia , Melissa Marsman

A Conversation Piece About Implementing Inuit Legal Orders Into the Nunatsiavut Government's Inuit Court , Elizabeth Zarpa

Theses/Dissertations from 2021 2021

Pushing the First Domino: Freeing the Whales in Canada , Luc Paul Bourgeois

Responsible Business Conduct in The Extractive Industries: Prospect of Respecting Women's Human Rights in Ghana , Veronica Dossah

Putting the Constitutional Horse Before the Cart: Federal Jurisdiction over Next Generation Environmental Assessment , Anna Johnston

Fiscal Decolonization-Indigenous Fiscal Autonomy and Tax Jurisdiction , Riad Kherallah

Theses/Dissertations from 2020 2020

Biosimilars: The Quest for a Rational Regulatory and Intellectual Property Approach in Canada , Elizabeth S. Dipchand

Metaphysics & Morals in Canadian Criminal Justice: A Pragmatic Analysis of The Conflict Between Neuroscience and Retributive Folk Psychology , Sarah Greenwood

Business and Human Rights in the Context of Sanctions: A Road to Filling the Governance Gap , Bahareh Jafarian

Using Canadian Law to Prevent, Respond to and Remedy Maltreatment in Sport: Listening to and Learning from Athletes , Wendy MacGregor

The Province of (Substantive) Legitimate Expectation in Nigeria's Tax Administration: A Law and Policy Evaluation , Okanga Ogbu Okanga

Proposing a Constructivist Approach to Resolving Trade Conflicts Under the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement (AfCFTA): A Cross-Jurisdictional Analysis , Oluwayesi Sanni

The Canadian Anti-Doping Program and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms , Kate Scallion

An Analysis of the Human Rights Approach to Climate Change: The Right to a Healthy Environment, Intergenerational Equity and Climate Litigation , Unwana Emmanuel Udo

Theses/Dissertations from 2019 2019

Climate Change in Canadian Environmental Assessment Legislation: Review and Recommendations for Further Consideration of Greenhouse Gas Emissions , Émilie Godbout-Beaulieu

Lest Law Forget: Locke's Toleration and Religious Freedom , Stephen Holt

Sentencing Persons Convicted of Minor Offences in Ghana: Reducing Judicial Over-Reliance on Imprisonment , Nenyo Kwasitsu

Tax Incentives for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparative Study of Ghana and Kenya , Patrick Ofori

Just Care: A Relational Approach to Autonomy and Decision Making of Parents Committed to Religious or Indigenous Traditional Practices , Tu-Quynh Trinh

Theses/Dissertations from 2018 2018

Improving the Criminal Justice System in Nigeria Through Restorative Justice: Lessons From Canada and New Zealand , Olaniran Akintunde

Smart Devices in Criminal Investigations: How Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Can Better Protect Privacy in the Search of Technology and Seizure of Information , Lee-Ann Conrod

Protecting Women's Rights? Prospects Under the UN Human Rights Treaty System: A Case Study on India 2005-2017 , Deepali

The Theoretical Case Against Criminalized Copyright Infringement in Canada , Maria Dugas

Language's Empire: A Counter-Telling of Administrative Law in Canada , Nicholas Hooper

Responsible Investing: Access Denied , Keith MacMaster

Recent Developments in Marine Insurance Law and Consequences for Iran , Mohammad Ali Majd

Game of Tones: A Twail-Analysis of the Evolution and Impacts of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Technology Transfer Regime in Africa , Adebayo Majekolagbe

The Scope of Party Autonomy in International Commercial Contracts: A New Dawn? , Akinwumi Olawuyi Ogunranti

Designing a Robust Tax System for Nigeria: Lessons from an International Perspective , Olukemi Tawoju

Theses/Dissertations from 2017 2017

The Global Fight against Base Erosion and Profit Shifting under the OECD’s Country-by-Country Reporting Rules: A Possible Solution? , Oladiwura Ayeyemi Eyitayo-Oyesode

Towards an Effective Regime Against Online Copyright Infringement in India , Ashwin Ramakrishnan

Theses/Dissertations from 2016 2016

Justified Outbreak: Bringing Together Law, Public Health, and Ethics During an Infectious Disease Emergency , Clark Colwell

A Future For a Forgotten Predator: Assessment of the Global and Regional Legal Frameworks For Protection and Recovery of the Caribbean Sawfishes Pristis Pristis and Pristis Pectinata and Recommendations For the Course Forward , Olga Koubrak

Conformity or Contradiction: International Health Rights in Canadian Courts , Claire McNeil

Modernizing Pakistan's Blasphemy Law as Hate Speech , Farhan Raouf

The Bill of Lading in an Era of Electronic Commerce: Legal Developments and the Reform Options for Nigeria , Kenneth Ugwuokpe

Theses/Dissertations from 2015 2015

The Proportionality Standard and Constitutional Culture: A Comparative Analysis of Rights Adjudication in Canada and the French Republic , James Peter Barry

Conflict of Laws Aspects in Same-Sex Relationships in Africa: A Comparative Study , Solomon Frimpong Amoateng

Improving Claims Resolution: Alternative Processes in Canada's Immigration System , Nicole M. Melanson

Privacy Protection for Mobile Health (MHEALTH) in Nigeria: A Consideration of the EU Regime for Data Protection as a Conceptual Model for Reforming Nigeria's Privacy Legislation , Olufunke Olawumi Salami

Sex Work and the City: Creating Municipal Licensing Regimes for Brothels , Maria K. Powell

Quebec's Bill 1: A Case Study in Anti-Corruption Legislation and the Barriers to Evidence-Based Law-Making , Graham Steele

Theses/Dissertations from 2014 2014

The Exclusion of Improperly Obtained Evidence at the International Criminal Court: A Principled Approach to Interpreting Article 69(7) of the Rome Statute , Michael Madden

Application of the State Immunity Rule in the International Criminal Justice System: Problems Arising and a Critique of Legal Response Mechanisms , Celestine Nchekwube Ezennia

Detainee Rights and State Obligations: Charting the Shoals Facing the Royal Canadian Navy , Darin Reeves

Enduring Powers of Attorney and Financial Abuse of Older Persons: Are Existing Safeguards Sufficient? , Paula Wedge

Theses/Dissertations from 2013 2013

Settlement, Compromise, and Forgiveness in Canadian Income Tax Law , Colin Jackson

Theses/Dissertations from 2012 2012

Science on Law's Terms: Implications of Procedural Legitimacy on Scientific Evidence , Nayha Acharya

Making Informed Consent Work in Nigerian Health Care , Oluchukwu Jacinta Aniaka

Social Networking and the Employment Relationship: Is Your Boss Creeping Up On You? , Michael Keliher

Changing Tactics: Rehabilitating Canadian Justice for Traumatized Veterans , J. Jason Samson

Protecting Minority Shareholders in Civil and Common Law Systems: Canadian, Ukrainian and German Examples , Iushchenko Igor Sergiiovych

Theses/Dissertations from 2011 2011

The Works of Jürgen Habermas: A Tool for Further Understanding the Theory and Practice of Restorative Justice , Audrey Laurel Barrett

Defining the Role of Mature Minors in the Medical Research Consent Process , Isabelle M. A. French

Balancing Developed and Developing State Interests under a Regulatory Framework for Foreign Direct Investment: The Potential of the GATS Model , Tumininu Modupe Laiyemo

Ballast Water Management Convention, 2004: Towards Combating Unintentional Transfer of Harmful Aquatic Organisms and Pathogens , Sabitiyu Abosede Lawal

Are we Flipping Coins with the Liberty of Potentially Dangerous Individuals?: A Comparative Analysis , Sébastien David Martineau

The Beasts in the Jungle: Animal Welfare in International Law , Catherine Sykes

Theses/Dissertations from 2010 2010

Allocation of Fishing Opportunities in Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: A Legal Analysis in the Light of Equity , Maria Cecilia Engler Palma

A New Governance Approach to Designing an Effective Arrangement for the Sustainable Management of Renewable Marine Resources in the Eastern Caribbean States , Kerith Tristan Kentish

Enforcing Idealism: The Implementation of Complementary International Protection in Canadian Refugee Law , Zofia Przybytkowski

A Bitter Pill to Swallow: Canadian Drug Regulation , Michael Duncan Taylor

Theses/Dissertations from 2006 2006

The Rhetoric of Innovation , Matthew Herder

Theses/Dissertations from 2004 2004

Providing Access to Generic Antiretroviral Drugs to People Living With HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries: An Examination of Legal Obligations , Cheluchi Onyemelukwe

Theses/Dissertations from 2002 2002

The International Criminal Court: A Contextual Study of a Nascent Court within the International Criminal Legal System , Ronald Ian MacKay Rennie

Theses/Dissertations from 2001 2001

Reconstructing a Divided Society: Development of Self-Government and Judicial Reform in Kosovo , Sasha Baglay

The Citizen Submission Process of the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation , Jaime Miguel Carreno-Martinez

Finding a Sense of Self in the World: A Process for Overcoming Personal and Collective Alienation after Institutional Abuse , Seetal Kaur Sunga

Theses/Dissertations from 2000 2000

Retrieving the Rejected Stone: Rethinking the Marginalization of the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights , Shedrack Chukwuemeka Agbakwa

Theses/Dissertations from 1999 1999

Women's Equality in the Canadian Criminal Justice System: Something Less than a Fair Shake , P. Michael Cantlon

The Emergence of Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management in Canada's Oceans Act: Challenges of Integrating Fragmented Resource Sectors in Georges Bank, Nova Scotia and Hecate Strait, British Columbia , Gloria Chao

Collective Security and the Legality of the ECOWAS Intervention in the Liberian Civil War , Ikechi Maduka Mgbeoji

Sexual Misconduct of Educators: A Comparison of Decisions of Courts and Tribunals in British Columbia, Nova Scotia and Ontario , Barbara J. Murray

In the Path of Our Ancestors: The Aboriginal Right to Cross the Canada-United States Border , Pamela Palmater

In the Path of our Ancestors: The Aboriginal Right to Cross the Canada-United States Border , Pamela Doris Palmater

Regulation of the International Transport of Packaged Dangerous Goods: The Case for Legislative Integration in a World Convention , Mirsada Stasevic

International Law and the Maritime Carriage of Radioactive Materials: Prospects for the Non-Anthropocentric Greening of International Law , A. Suzette V. Suarez

Prospectus Disclosure and the Role of the Securities Commissions in Ontario and Bangladesh: A Comparative Study , Md. Anowar Zahid

Corporate Control: A Comparative Examination of Corporate Law in Canada and the People's Republic of China , Qin Zhao

Theses/Dissertations from 1998 1998

Recent Challenges to the Protection of Copyright in Literary Works: A Study of Ghana and Canada , Josephine Asmah

The Evolving Duties of Trade Unions Toward their Members: Defining the Duties and Determining the Standards , B. Richard Bell

The Effects of Inadequate Mental Health Resources on the Operation of the Mental Disorder Provisions , Giuseppa Bentivegna

A Matter of Balancing: The Inability to Force Treatment on All Voluntary, Treatment-Incapable Patients in Ontario , Cindy L. Blancher

What a Wonderful World: Multilateral Chemical Management Conventions, Liberalisation Policies and the Chemical Industry , Robin Lynne Cowling

Law on Pollution and Debris from Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Operations Offshore Nova Scotia , Boris B. De Jonge

The Supreme Court of Canada, Parliament and the Charter: Exploring the Limits of the Judicial Function in Criminal Law , Patricia A. Fricker

Use of Discretion in Independent Migrant Selection: A Study of Canadian Immigration Law, Policy and Practice , Philip Lupul

Right to Strike: A Comparison of Canadian and Chinese Law , Tianjiao Yu

Theses/Dissertations from 1997 1997

Effective Environmental Enforcement: The Missing Link to Achieving Sustainable Development , Linda Francis Duncan

Development Projects and Project-Affected Peoples: The Need to Advance Sustainable Development by Establishing an International Development Institutions Inspection Panel to Redress Grievances , Ram Anand Shankar

Theses/Dissertations from 1995 1995

Contaminated Site Liability: The Need for a Remediation Fund , Kathryn Belle Aitkenhead

Dispute Settlement Procedures and the World Trade Organization: A Move Towards an Adjudicative Model , Seema Monga

The Defense of Seaworthiness in Marine Cargo Claims: A Philippine Perspective , Alan Siquijor

Theses/Dissertations from 1994 1994

The Need for a Specialized and Multi-Agency Prosecution Process for Sexual Assault Offences in Nova Scotia , Catherine Cogswell

Theses/Dissertations from 1993 1993

Protecting the Environment During Warfare , Catherine Margaret Campbell

Sortir les fonctionnaires de l'ombre , Michèle L. Caron

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Home > Dean Rusk Center > LLM Theses and Essays

LLM Theses and Essays

Submissions from 2013 2013.

Some Important Causes for Settlement in American Civil Litigation , Felipe Forte Cobo

Submissions from 2011 2011

TO REVEAL OR CONCEAL?—AN ISP’S DILEMMA, Presenting a New “Anonymous Public Concern Test” for Evaluating ISP Subpoenas in Online Defamation Suits , Cayce Myers

Submissions from 2008 2008

Infrastructure Development in Emerging Economies and the Roles Played by Multilateral Institutions , Amjad Ahasan Basheer

Universal Human Rights and Threat to International Peace and Security: The United Nations' Obligation to Intervene , Godfrey Mhlanga

Submissions from 2007 2007

Applicable Law Provisions in International Uniform Commercial Law Conventions , Paolo E. Conci

Licenses, Leases and Other Contractual Arrangements for the Exploration and Production of Petroleum A Comparative Study Between Nigeria and the United States , Omolara Elumelu

Judicial Review of International Commercial Arbitral Awards by National Courts in the United States and India , Aparna D. JUJJAVARAPU

Ethiopia's Sovereign Right of Access to the Sea under International Law , Abebe T. Kahsay

Comfort Women: Human Rights of Women from Then to Present , Jinyang Koh

Imports or Made-in-China: Comparison of Two Constitutional Cases in China and the United States , Xiao Li

Taxing Emotional Distress Recoveries: Does Murphy Show the Way? , Kaushal P. Mahaseth

The Land of the Free: Human Rights Violations at Immigration Detention Facilities in America , Caitlin J. Mitchel

International Legal Standards Governing the Use of Child Soldiers , Dorcas B. Mulira

Corporate Restrictions in Mexico and the United States , Dennis Rios

Regulating Transnational Corporation for Environmental Damage , Sonal Sahu

The Need for a Transnational Appellate Arbitral Review Body , Priya Sampath

A Consumption Tax versus a Federal Income Tax in the United States , Shelly-Ann R. Tomlinson

Financial Holding Company System and Relevant Legislation , Ye Wang

Submissions from 2006 2006

The Hamburg Rules , Kweku G. Ainuson

Tourism in Antarctica: History, Current Challenges and Proposals for Regulation , Juan Y. Harcha

Reconsidering the Medical Expert Witness System , Yunwei Jiang

A Comparative Study of the Legal Responses to Domestic Violence in the United States and Hungary , Adam Keri

Enforcement of Human Rights under Regional Mechanisms: a Comparative Analysis , Fekadeselassie F. Kidanemariam

Shareholders' Agreements in Close Corporations and Their Enforcement , Ricardo Molano Leon

A Comparative Study on the Trade Barriers Regulation and Foreign Trade Barriers Investigation Rules , Junrong Song

How to Deal with Multi-party Nominations of Arbitrators in International Commercial Arbitration - a Comparative Study of Appointment Procedures with Emphasis on U.S.-European Commerce between Private Entities , Marie-Beatrix Tupy

Balancing Regulations and Incentives for Foreign Direct Investment: a Case Study of Mexico and Kazakhstan , Dauren B. Tynybekov

Submissions from 2005 2005

The Legality of Humanitarian Intervention , Eric Adjei

A Comparative Assessment of U.S. Direct Investment in China and India , Kalpana Arjunan

Pre-contractual Obligations in France and the United States , Florence Caterini

Comparative Law: Alcohol, Drug Abuse & Jurisprudence from the United States to Korea , Hyun J. Cho

Commercial Speech in the United States and Europe , Oxana Valeryevna Gassy-Wright

Accountability of Transnational Corporations under International Standards , Lea Hanakova

Protection of "Persona" in the EU and in the US: a Comparative Analysis , Anna E. Helling

Income Tax Preferences to Foreign Investment in China since the Late 1970s , Xiaoyang Hou

Role of the World Bank and IMF in Issuing Loans to Russia: Responsibility, Tricks, Corruption, Mafia, and Important Use of Legal Enforcement , Elmira A. Makova

Governance and Responsibility of Multinational Enterprises: the Use of Codes of Conduct and Litigation to Change Multinational Enterprises' Behavior , Maria Fernanda Matach

Free Movement of Goods: a Comparative Analysis of the European Community Treaty and the North American Free Trade Agreement , Pedro A. Perichart

The Drafting Process For a Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Judgements with Special Consideration of Intellectual Property and E-Commerce , Knut Woestehoff

The Drafting Process for a Hague Convention on Jurisdiction and Judgments with Special Consideration of Intellectual Property and E-commerce , Knut Woestehoff

Trade-related Environmental Measures and GATT: the Conflict between Trade Libralization and Environmental Protection , Fang Zheng

Submissions from 2004 2004

The Question of Non-trade Issues in the WTO from a Developing Country Perspective , Cecilia Alzamora

Cybercrime , Karissa Ayala

Protection of Children from Exploitation in West Africa: Illusion or Reality? , Afua Brown-Eyeson

Legal Structures of European Security and Defense Policy and War Powers under the U.S. Constitution , Heiko Buesing

U.S. Antidumping Law and Practices against Korean Exports , Jinwook Choi

Regulation of Hate Speech , Haiping Deng

The Institutional Framework of the European Union for the Conduct of Foreign Affairs , Frederic Eggermont

Comparison of New Zealand and United States Securities Markets through the Looking Glass of the Efficient Market Hypothesis , Carla Natalia Gargiulo

Private Party Participation in the World Trade Organizations , Taehyung Im

Issues Regarding the Most Effective Tool of U.S. Bankruptcy Law , Zeenat Kera

Contracts and Electronic Agents , Sabrina Kis

Historical Aspects of State Arbitration Policy , Elton R. Lanier

Regulating Non-territorial Commercial Environments in Territorial-based Legal Systems , Pedro Martin G. Less Andrade

Unilateral Refusals to Deal in Intellectual Property as Monopolistic Conduct , Bolanle Meshida

Comparative Analysis of Federal Income Tax Imposed on U.S. C Corporations and Russian Joint Stock Companies , Alina Y. Mitskevich

Legislation and Implementation of International Environmental Law by African Countries: a Case Study of Ghana , Brigitte L. Okley

The Challenges of Tax Collection in Developing Economies (with Special Reference to India) , Pramod K. Rai

Family Businesses, Choices of Legal Entity , Martina L. Rojo

Sound Record Producers' Rights and the Problem of Sound Recording Piracy , Stanislava N. Staykova

The Change of Corporate Governance Structure in the United States and Taiwan , Yifan Tseng

Fiduciary Duties of Directors in the Context of Going-private Transactions to the Minority Shareholders under Delaware Law , Yuan Wang

Recognition and Enforcement of International Commercial Arbitration Awards , Shouhua Yu

Submissions from 2003 2003

Interim Measures in International Commercial Arbitration: Past, Present and Future , Sandeep Adhipathi

Reservations, Human Rights Treaties in the 21st century: from Universality to Integrity , Pierrick Devidal

Technological Advances Leading to the Diminishing of Privacy Rights , Anabelle Maria D'Souza

Protection of Consumer Privacy in E-commerce , Choong L. Ha

Mergers and Acquisitions in Europe: Analysis of EC Competition Regulations , YoungJun Lee

Security Interests in Intellectual Property Rights: the Time Has Come for the Enactment of New Laws , Esteban Mazzucco

The Convergence of Trade and Environment and the Relative Role of WTO , Xiaoxi Meng

The Main Characteristics of State's Jurisdiction to Tax in International Dimension , Alfred Nizamiev

U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: a Case Study of Malaysia, Mexico and South Africa , Abenaa A. Oti-Prempeh

Free movement of goods: A comparative analysis of the European community treaty and the north American free trade agreement , Pedro A. Perichart

A Historical View of Intellectual Property Rights in the Palestinian Territories , Ihab G. Samaan

Submissions from 2002 2002

An Analysis of the Duty to Negotiate in Good Faith: Precontractual Liability and Preliminary Agreement , Aarti Arunachalam

Multinational Corporations Facing the Varying Concepts of Jurisdiction : "forum non-conveniens", Contrasts between the Anglo-American and the European Law Systems , Sandrine Buttin

Minority Shareholders and Oppression in Close Corporations: Contracting as an Effective Protection Device , Marcella Machado Carneiro

Freedom of Speech, Cinema and Censorship: a Comparative Analysis of Issues of Freedom of Speech Violations as a Result of the Rating Regulation Authorities in the Motion Picture Industry in France and the United States , Stephanie Grenier

International Corporate Governance Practices and Their Implications on Investors , Namwandi Hamanyanga

Current Problems of International Taxation of Electronic Commerce , Nuran G. Kerimov

An End to the Political Question Doctrine in Korea?: A Comparative Analysis , Myeong-Sik Kim

The Evolution of the Law's Treatment of the Confessions of Mentally Disabled Criminal Suspects , John E. Knight

Public and Private Interests in Copyright Law: Creativity, Science and Democracy vs. Property and Market , Daryana I. Kotzeva

The Intra-enterprise Conspiracy Doctrine as Applied to Affiliated Corporations under Section 1 of the Sherman Act , Michael B. Menz

Privacy and Personal Data Protection in the Information Age: A Comparative Evaluation , Emeka B. Obasi

The Right to Freedom of Religion vis a vis Religious Intolerance in the New Millennium , Buihe P. Okenu

Conflict of Laws in the Enforcement of Foreign Awards and Foreign Judgments: the Public Policy Defense and Practice in U.S. Courts , Anupama Parameshwaran

Balancing Interests: Statute of Limitations and Repose in Medical Malpractice Cases , Laurie L. Paterson

A Comparison of Environmental Impact Assessment Process between the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA) and the Basic Environmental Protection Act (BEPA) , V An Rhee

Offshore Investments , Ana Maura M. Safrin

Lawyers' Value in Mergers and Acquisitions under the New World of Multidisciplinary Practices , Yunling Wu

Submissions from 2001 2001

FAIR USE AND THE DIGITAL DISTRIBUTION OF MUSIC - RECORDING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA v. NAPSTER, INC. (A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A RESTRAINT ON COPYRIGHT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO) , MICHELLE LISA ALEXANDER

THE IMPACT OF MODERNIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT ON MUSLIM WOMEN IN EGYPT: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE , MAZAHIR MUHAMMED ATA EL-SID

David vs. Goliath (2001): An Analysis of the OECD Harmful Tax Competition Policy , Truman Butler

Transfer Pricing: A Comparative Study of the French and U.S. Legal Systems , Valerie Ciancia

REFORMING CHINA'S PARTNERSHIP LAW: ACHIEVEMENTS, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS , HONGBING FAN

SHOULD AN EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT HAVE PRIMACY OR BE COMPLEMENTARY TO NATIONAL COURTS? AN ANALYSIS OF CONCURRENT JURISDICTION IN THE AD HOC TRIBUNALS AND THE ROME STATUTE , GODWIN YENIKA FONYE

Foreign Direct Investment in Colombia , Juliana Gomez

LEGALIZE IT? -OSP AND PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK LIABILITY FOR ONLINE MUSIC COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY , CHRISTIAN NILS JOCHEN ENGELHARDT

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100 Law Dissertation Topics For LLM in India

100 Law Dissertation Topics For LLM in India – A Master of Laws (LLM) is a postgraduate degree that focuses on specialized legal training for individuals who already possess a law degree. In India, pursuing an LLM is a popular option for law graduates who wish to further their education and specialize in a particular area of law. A crucial aspect of completing an LLM in India is writing a dissertation, which involves conducting independent research on a legal topic of the student’s choice. Here are some Law Dissertation Topics for LLM in India.

• The role of the judiciary in promoting social justice in India
• Human rights and the Indian constitution
• The effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution mechanisms in India
• Intellectual Property Rights and the Indian legal framework
• The impact of the Right to Information Act on Indian democracy
• The legal and ethical implications of surrogacy in India
• The regulation of cryptocurrencies in India
• Cybersecurity laws in India: current status and future prospects
• The intersection of gender and law in India
• The liability of online intermediaries under Indian law
• The legal and ethical implications of artificial intelligence in India
• The regulation of e-commerce in India: challenges and opportunities
• The intersection of law and medicine in India
• The role of NGOs in promoting access to justice in India
• The legal framework for environmental protection in India
• The Indian judiciary and the separation of powers
• The constitutional validity of the death penalty in India
• The regulation of insider trading in India
• The impact of the Goods and Services Tax on Indian businesses
• The regulation of foreign investment in India: challenges and opportunities
• The role of the National Green Tribunal in environmental protection in India
• The Indian banking sector and the prevention of financial crimes
• The Indian judiciary and the protection of fundamental rights
• The legal framework for corporate social responsibility in India
• The regulation of medical negligence in India
• The impact of intellectual property rights on pharmaceutical innovation in India
• The Indian legal framework for data protection and privacy
• The legal and ethical implications of genetically modified organisms in India
• The Indian legal framework for child protection and welfare
• The regulation of online defamation in India
• The Indian legal framework for labor rights and industrial relations
• The impact of globalization on Indian competition law
• The legal and ethical implications of assisted suicide in India
• The Indian legal framework for consumer protection
• The regulation of food safety and standards in India
• The Indian legal framework for animal rights and welfare
• The role of the media in shaping public opinion on legal issues in India
• The regulation of medical malpractice in India
• The Indian legal framework for juvenile justice
• The impact of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code on the Indian economy
• The Indian legal framework for disaster management
• The legal and ethical implications of artificial reproductive technologies in India
• The regulation of online gambling in India
• The Indian legal framework for child marriage prevention
• The impact of the Companies Act, 2013 on Indian corporate governance
• The Indian legal framework for intellectual property licensing
• The regulation of medical research in India
• The Indian legal framework for renewable energy
• The legal and ethical implications of animal testing in India
• The regulation of multi-level marketing in India
• The Indian legal framework for copyright infringement
• The impact of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act on the Indian real estate sector
• The Indian legal framework for data retention and surveillance
• The regulation of ride-hailing services in India
• The legal and ethical implications of climate change in India
• The Indian legal framework for franchise agreements
• The impact of demonetization on the Indian economy and its legal implications
• The Indian legal framework for cross-border insolvency
• The regulation of drone operations in India
• The legal and ethical implications of biometric authentication in India
• The role of the Indian Constitution in protecting fundamental rights.
• The scope and limitations of the right to freedom of speech and expression in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of minorities in India.
• The constitutional validity of affirmative action policies in India.
• The evolution of the doctrine of basic structure and its impact on Indian constitutional law.
• The constitutional protection of religious freedom in India.
• The intersection between environmental law and constitutional law in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring accountability in public governance in India.
• The constitutional validity of the death penalty in India.
• The role of the judiciary in protecting human rights under the Indian Constitution.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of women in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of children in India.
• The constitutional validity of the right to privacy in India.
• The role of the President and Governors under the Indian Constitution.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring social justice in India.
• The constitutional validity of anti-defection laws in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of disabled persons in India.
• The constitutional validity of the Right to Education Act in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring economic rights in India.
• The constitutional protection of property rights in India.
• The role of the Election Commission of India under the Indian Constitution.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring the independence of the judiciary in India.
• The constitutional validity of the sedition law in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of LGBTQ+ persons in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring the right to a fair trial in India.
• The constitutional validity of reservation policies in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of migrant workers in India.
• The constitutional validity of the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of prisoners in India.
• The constitutional validity of the Triple Talaq law in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of indigenous peoples in India.
• The constitutional validity of the Right to Information Act in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring transparency and accountability in the governance of political parties in India.
• The constitutional validity of the Aadhaar (UID) scheme in India.
• The constitutional framework for ensuring the right to health in India.
• The constitutional protection of the right to protest in India.
• The constitutional validity of the anti-conversion laws in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of persons with mental illnesses in India.
• The constitutional framework for protecting the rights of refugees in India.

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Intellectual Property Law LLM

Year of entry 2024, sign up for masters updates.

Receive the latest information on events, scholarships, important deadlines and subject information. Sign up now

Course overview

This course offers a detailed insight into law, management and policy relating to patents, copyright, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights.

Providing both international and comparative perspectives, you’ll cover traditional intellectual property issues such as industrial property, artistic works and brands, and also emerging areas of policy including the digital economy and biotechnology.

The course reflects the growing importance of international developments in intellectual property and confronts growing controversies. These include the relationships between intellectual property and human rights norms, access to knowledge, new technologies and economic development.

Throughout the course we’ll encourage you to:

explore the international norms and institutions relating to intellectual property such as the World Trade Organisation’s TRIPS Agreement

consider the wider social and economic implications of intellectual property for health, culture, education, technology, innovation, and economic development

Research insight

You’ll benefit from the expertise of leading academics in a stimulating research environment. Our research groups include:

Centre for Innovation and Research in Legal Education (CIRLE)

Centre for Business Law and Practice (CBLP)

Centre for Criminal Justice Studies (CCJS)

Centre for Law & Social Justice (LSJ)

Pre-sessional study at Leeds - watch our recorded talk

Studying in the school of law.

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Course details

Compulsory modules will give you the opportunity to:

study the key principles and features, rules and court decisions concerning patents, copyright and trademarks

examine the key cases that have shaped intellectual property rights law in the major legal jurisdictions

discover other rights such as designs and geographical indications

learn how businesses acquire and deploy intellectual property rights

They will also enable you to hone your legal research and writing skills, which you’ll be able to demonstrate in your dissertation – an independent piece of research on your chosen topic.

The wide-ranging list of optional modules means that you can explore a mixture of related subjects of interest to you.

Our School-based Skills Team will help you to develop the key academic skills necessary to thrive on your course. Through one-to-one appointments, we offer individual skills development advice for your module assessments, dissertation and wider studies. Moreover, our workshop series offers training in key skills areas including critical thinking, researching, planning, time management and editing. These skills will help you both during your studies and in the workplace.

Course structure

The list shown below represents typical modules/components studied and may change from time to time. Read more in our terms and conditions.

For more information and a full list of typical modules available on this course, please read Intellectual Property Law LLM in the course catalogue

Year 1 compulsory modules

Year 1 optional modules (selection of typical options shown below)

You will also choose 60 credits from the below:

Learning and teaching

At Leeds we use a variety of teaching and learning methods to help you make the most of your studies and develop the specialist skills that will become indispensable in your career.

These include a range of weekly seminars, lectures, online learning and workshops.

You’ll need to prepare for your seminars and lectures, undertaking any exercises that might be prescribed in advance. Independent study is integral to this course – not just to prepare for classes but to develop research and other critical skills.

On this course you’ll be taught by our expert academics, from lecturers through to professors. You may also be taught by industry professionals with years of experience, as well as trained postgraduate researchers, connecting you to some of the brightest minds on campus.

Assessment is undertaken by a variety of methods but typically involves the writing of an essay at the end of each module. We assess the dissertation through your submission of a written piece of work of up to 10,000 words.

Entry requirements

A bachelor degree with a 2:1 (hons) in law. Applicants with good degrees in other subjects will be considered.

We accept a range of international equivalent qualifications.

Please note that meeting the entry requirements of this course doesn't guarantee an offer of a place.

English language requirements

IELTS 6.5 overall, with no less than 6.0 in any component. For other English qualifications, read English language equivalent qualifications .

Improve your English

International students who do not meet the English language requirements for this programme may be able to study our postgraduate pre-sessional English course, to help improve your English language level.

This pre-sessional course is designed with a progression route to your degree programme and you’ll learn academic English in the context of your subject area. To find out more, read  Language for Law (6 weeks) and Language for Social Sciences and Arts: Law (10 weeks) .

We also offer online pre-sessionals alongside our on-campus pre-sessionals.  Find out more about our six week online pre-sessional .

You can also study pre-sessionals for longer periods – read about our postgraduate pre-sessional English courses .

How to apply

Application deadlines

International – Friday 28 June 2024

UK – Friday 16 August 2024

If you intend to apply for funding, you should submit an application for a place on your chosen course at least one month before any specific scholarship deadline.

The ‘Apply’ link at the top of this page takes you to information on applying for taught programmes and to the University's online application system.

If you're unsure about the application process, contact the admissions team for help.

Documents and information you will need include:

• original or certified copies of your transcripts
• original or certified copies of your degree certificate
• original or certified copy of your IELTS/TOEFL results (if English is not your first language).

Read about visas, immigration and other information in International students . We recommend that international students apply as early as possible to ensure that they have time to apply for their visa.

Admissions policy

University of Leeds Admissions Policy 2025

This course is taught by

School of Law

School of Law Postgraduate Admissions Office

Email: [email protected] Telephone:

UK: £13,000 (Total)

International: £26,500 (Total)

Read more about paying fees and charges .

For fees information for international taught postgraduate students, read Masters fees .

Additional cost information

There may be additional costs related to your course or programme of study, or related to being a student at the University of Leeds. Read more on our living costs and budgeting page .

Scholarships and financial support

If you have the talent and drive, we want you to be able to study with us, whatever your financial circumstances. There may be help for students in the form of loans and non-repayable grants from the University and from the government.  Find out more at Masters funding overview .

The School of Law usually offers a number of scholarships each year.

Find out more on the School’s scholarships page .

Career opportunities

From day one, we encourage you to think beyond your time at Leeds and reflect on a meaningful career.

This course, which is also accessible to non-lawyers, provides essential knowledge and skills should you wish to embark upon a career in the legal professions, and in knowledge-intensive commercial sectors. These include the technology and creative industries as well as their representative organisations.

Recent graduates have gone on to work in a range of sectors and professions ranging from academia, law firms, charities and intellectual property specialists.

The degree will also attract employers in other occupations where an in-depth understanding of intellectual property is considered economically or strategically important. These include government services as well as intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations.

Careers support

The School of Law offers career and personal development support through the School’s dedicated Employability Officers. You can book one-to-one appointments with our Employability Officers throughout the year to discuss your career aspirations and get advice on how to make the most of your time at Leeds.

The School also arranges a number of  community engagement  (pro bono) and work experience opportunities, career development workshops, guest speaker events and careers fairs throughout the year. These opportunities will allow you to develop new skills, enhance your career prospects and network with prospective employers.

Find out more about how we support your career development.

In addition to the School-specific careers support, you will also have access to the University’s award-winning Careers Centre. It offers one-to-one appointments, advice on starting your own business, careers events, mentoring schemes and support with your CV, applications and interviews.

Find out more about the Careers Service

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