ib extended essay topics geography

IB Geography Extended Essay Topics

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Writing Metier

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on “Geography Extended Essay Topics” for all you aspiring geographers out there. My team of IB experts from Writing Metier has collected this list for all the IB students who are currently searching for inspiration or exact ideas. Hence, if you’re passionate about exploring the complexities of our world, you’re in the right place.

In this article, we’ll delve into a variety of intriguing topics that span across transportation, rural landscapes, health, politics, tourism, disaster management, and water resources.

Below, you will find a more detailed explanation of each category of Geography extended essay topics we will cover in this read.

Transportation Geography

Urban Transportation Networks : Examining the development and impacts of transportation networks in urban areas.
Sustainable Transportation : Investigating strategies for promoting sustainable transportation modes.
Transportation and Economic Development : Analyzing the relationship between transportation infrastructure and economic development.

Rural Geography

Rural Depopulation : Exploring the causes and consequences of depopulation in rural areas.
Agricultural Diversification : Investigating the impact of agricultural diversification on rural economies.
Rural Tourism : Examining the effects of tourism on rural communities and landscapes.

Health Geography

Spatial Patterns of Disease : Analyzing the spatial distribution of diseases and their determinants.
Access to Healthcare : Investigating disparities in access to healthcare services.
Health Impacts of Environmental Factors : Examining the relationship between environmental factors and health outcomes.

Political Geography

Geopolitical Conflicts : Investigating the geographical dimensions of international conflicts.
Electoral Geography : Analyzing the spatial patterns of voting behavior and political representation.
Borderlands and Identity : Exploring the impact of borders on cultural and political identities.

Tourism Geography

Sustainable Tourism : Evaluating the principles and practices of sustainable tourism.
Tourism and Cultural Exchange : Investigating the impacts of tourism on cultural exchange and understanding.
Ecotourism : Examining the benefits and challenges of ecotourism in conservation areas.

Disaster Management and Resilience

Natural Disasters and Vulnerability : Analyzing the factors that contribute to vulnerability to natural disasters.
Disaster Risk Reduction : Investigating strategies for reducing the risk and impact of disasters.
Community Resilience : Examining the factors that contribute to community resilience in the face of disasters.

Water Resources

Water Scarcity : Investigating the causes and impacts of water scarcity in a specific region.
Integrated Water Resource Management : Evaluating the effectiveness of integrated water resource management approaches.
Transboundary Water Conflicts : Analyzing the geopolitical dimensions of transboundary water conflicts and cooperation.

Don’t be stuck in a rut ! Whether you’re fascinated by the dynamics of urban transportation networks, curious about the effects of rural depopulation, or eager to understand the geopolitical dimensions of international conflicts, we’ve got you covered.

Our goal is to ignite your curiosity and provide you with a wealth of ideas to kickstart your research . So, grab your map, and let’s start this exciting adventure through the diverse and captivating world of geography!

List of IB Geography EE Topics and RQs

Let’s start with a list of working Geography extended essay topics and research questions.

Let’s start with Transportation Geography, where we’ll explore how transportation networks shape our cities and impact our lives. From urban planning to economic growth , we’ll dive into the fascinating world of movement and connectivity.

Urban Transportation Networks

Research Question: How have bike-sharing programs influenced commuting patterns and urban mobility in major cities?
Research Question: To what extent has the expansion of public transportation systems reduced traffic congestion in metropolitan areas?
Research Question: How has the introduction of light rail transit systems affected urban development and land use patterns in cities?

Sustainable Transportation

Research Question: How effective are carpooling initiatives in reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable transportation?
Research Question: To what extent can the adoption of electric vehicles contribute to sustainable transportation in urban areas?
Research Question: How does the pedestrianization of city centers affect urban sustainability and the quality of life for residents?

Transportation and Economic Development

Research Question: What are the economic impacts of high-speed rail on regional development and connectivity?
Research Question: How does port infrastructure development contribute to economic growth and trade in coastal regions?
Research Question: How does the development of transportation infrastructure influence tourism growth in remote destinations?

Here, we’ll delve into the unique challenges and opportunities of rural areas. From depopulation to agricultural diversification , we’ll uncover the dynamics of rural life and landscapes.

Rural Depopulation

Research Question: What are the main causes of rural depopulation in mountainous regions, and what are its socio-economic consequences?
Research Question: What strategies have been successful in counteracting rural depopulation in agricultural communities?
Research Question: How does rural depopulation affect the preservation of cultural heritage in traditional villages?

Agricultural Diversification

Research Question: How does the adoption of organic farming practices contribute to agricultural diversification and sustainability in rural areas?
Research Question: To what extent does agrotourism contribute to economic diversification and resilience in rural communities?
Research Question: How does crop diversification affect soil health and agricultural productivity in smallholder farms?

Rural Tourism

Research Question: How does rural tourism contribute to the preservation of traditional lifestyles and cultural heritage in rural areas?
Research Question: What are the economic and environmental impacts of rural tourism development in ecologically sensitive areas?
Research Question: How does community involvement in rural tourism planning and management influence the success and sustainability of tourism initiatives?

In Health Geography, we’re going to examine how health and well-being are influenced by where we live.

We’ll look at spatial patterns of diseases, access to healthcare, and the environmental factors affecting our health.

Spatial Patterns of Disease

Research Question: What are the spatial patterns of malaria incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa, and what factors contribute to these patterns?
Research Question: How does urbanization influence the spread of infectious diseases in developing countries?
Research Question: How is climate change affecting the geographical distribution of vector-borne diseases, such as dengue fever and Zika virus?

Access to Healthcare

Research Question: How does access to healthcare services impact maternal health outcomes in rural regions?
Research Question: To what extent does telemedicine improve healthcare access and outcomes in remote and underserved areas?
Research Question: What are the spatial disparities in access to mental health services, and what are the implications for public health policy?

This section is all about understanding the geographical dimensions of power and politics . From geopolitical conflicts to electoral geography, we’ll explore how space and politics intersect.

Geopolitical Conflicts

Research Question: How do natural resources influence geopolitical conflicts and power dynamics in the Middle East?
Research Question: How do geopolitical conflicts affect refugee migration patterns and the spatial distribution of refugee populations?
Research Question: What are the geopolitical implications of the South China Sea dispute for regional stability and international relations?

Electoral Geography

Research Question: What are the spatial patterns of voting behavior in recent presidential elections , and what factors contribute to these patterns?
Research Question: How does gerrymandering affect electoral outcomes and political representation in legislative districts?
Research Question: How does urbanization influence electoral geography and voting behavior in urban vs. rural areas?

Borderlands and Identity

Research Question: How do borders and borderlands contribute to the formation and expression of national identity?
Research Question: How does cross-border migration affect cultural identity and social integration in border regions?
Research Question: How have border disputes and ethnic divisions contributed to conflict and political instability in the Balkans?

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In Tourism Geography, we’ll dive into the world of travel and its impacts on places and cultures. We’ll explore sustainable tourism , cultural exchange, and the challenges and opportunities of ecotourism.

Sustainable Tourism

Research Question: How effective are eco-labels in encouraging sustainable tourism practices among hotels and resorts?
Research Question: How does community-based sustainable tourism contribute to economic development and environmental conservation in rural areas?
Research Question: How does sustainable tourism contribute to biodiversity conservation in protected areas?

Tourism and Cultural Exchange

Research Question: How do cultural festivals promote tourism and cultural exchange, and what are their impacts on local communities?
Research Question: How does social media influence tourism and cultural perceptions among international travelers?
Research Question: How does heritage tourism contribute to the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage sites?
Research Question: How does ecotourism support conservation efforts and sustainable development in protected areas?
Research Question: What are the social and environmental impacts of ecotourism on local communities and ecosystems?
Research Question: What are the opportunities and challenges of ecotourism for indigenous peoples and their traditional lands?

Here, we’ll tackle the critical issues of natural disasters, risk reduction, and community resilience.

We’ll explore strategies to prepare for and recover from disasters, ensuring safer and more resilient communities .

Natural Disasters and Vulnerability

Research Question: What factors contribute to the vulnerability of coastal communities to tsunamis, and how can they be mitigated?
Research Question: How does climate change affect the frequency and severity of natural disasters, such as hurricanes and floods?
Research Question: How can earthquake vulnerability be assessed and reduced in densely populated urban areas?

Disaster Risk Reduction

Research Question: How effective are early warning systems in reducing disaster risk and enhancing community preparedness?
Research Question: How does land use planning contribute to disaster risk reduction and resilience in hazard-prone areas?
Research Question: How does disaster risk reduction education impact community resilience and preparedness for natural disasters?

Community Resilience

Research Question: What strategies can be implemented to build community resilience to flooding in urban areas?
Topic:The Role of Social Capital in Enhancing Community Resilience to Disasters
Research Question: How does social capital contribute to community resilience in the aftermath of natural disasters?
Research Question: How do community-based approaches contribute to enhancing resilience to climate change impacts, such as droughts and heatwaves?

In Water Resources, we’re going to investigate the vital topic of water in our world. From water scarcity to integrated management and transboundary conflicts, we’ll explore the challenges and solutions for sustainable water use.

Water Scarcity

Research Question: How do agricultural practices contribute to water scarcity in arid regions, and what sustainable solutions can be implemented?
Research Question: What urban water management strategies are effective in addressing water scarcity in rapidly growing cities?
Research Question: How effective is desalination as a solution to water scarcity in coastal areas, and what are its environmental impacts?

Integrated Water Resource Management

Research Question: How effective is integrated water resource management in achieving sustainable water use in river basins?
Research Question: How does stakeholder participation influence the success of integrated water resource management initiatives?
Research Question: How can integrated water resource management contribute to climate change adaptation in water-scarce regions?

Transboundary Water Conflicts

Research Question: What are the geopolitical factors driving transboundary water conflicts in the Nile River Basin, and how can they be resolved?
Research Question: How effective is international water law in resolving transboundary water disputes and promoting cooperation?
Research Question: How does transboundary water management promote cooperation and sustainable development in the Mekong River Basin?

And there you have it, folks! A diverse array of Geography Extended Essay topics to fuel your passion for exploration and discovery. As you dive into your research , remember that geography is not just about maps and landscapes; it’s a lens through which we can understand the intricate relationships between people, places, and the environment.

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Choose an extended essay topic that resonates with you, and don’t be afraid to venture into uncharted territories. With dedication, creativity, and a keen eye for detail, you’re well on your way to crafting an insightful and impactful extended essay.

AND ALWAYS remember – Writing Metier is here to help you out with topic suggestions or with writing your Geography EE from scratch and plagiarism-free.

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100 IB Extended Essay Topic Ideas!

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Read on to find inspiration for topics across a wide range of subjects.

Extended Essay: The Love/Hate aspect of the IB

One of the biggest keys to the Extended Essay is choosing which subject you want to write your work in and developing that crucial research question. Annoyingly, coming up with that idea and research question can be the toughest part of the entire process. Writing 4,000 words about something you are interested in is a big ask and it often feels impossible to narrow down your thoughts. To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to create your own research question !

Get Support from A Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today !

How to Begin Your IB Extended Essay

To make everything super clear, here are 100 Extended Essay Topics for you to draw inspiration from! Use these as a springboard to create your own research question !

Get Support from a Top Tutor Today

At Lanterna, we have over 300 tutors who smashed their Extended Essay. They know exactly how to get an A in your EE and can give you tips and tricks on how you can do the same. What are you waiting for? Get your own tutor today!

10 Steps to Writing an Extended Essay

Before we look at specific topics for your essay, let’s recap the 10-steps you’ll need to follow to complete your extended essay.

1. Define the Topic and Draft the Research Question

2. Create a Timeline

3. Identify and gather Sources

4. Set Deadlines

5. Plan the structure according to the total word count

6. Evaluate

7. independent Research

8. Write the extended essay draft

10. Present

By following the steps above, you should be able to produce a logical and coherent rationale to follow when writing the extended essay for your IB diploma programme.

By starting with a solid research question, you’ll be able to put an extended essay of global significance together, from the research and writing process all the way through to your final submission with a favourable extended essay grade.

Below, we’re sharing 10 topics across 10 subjects to inspire your next IB extended essay.

1. How the change of habitat affects an X organism?

2. How does climate affect the growth of X plant?

3. Can photosynthesis take place without sunlight?

4. What is the effect of age and gender on the photoreceptor cells in the human retina?

5. How is climate change impacting the appearance of coral reefs?

6. An evaluation of how antioxidants work in our bodies?

7. Does hand sanitizer, hand soap or antibacterial wipes have the greatest ability to inhibit the growth of E. Coli?

8. To what extent do live cultures in yogurts/milk/other dairy products reduce the concentration of lactose present over the course of a 2 hour incubation period at x°C?

9. What is the relationship between population density between X and population size of X?

10. What is the relationship between indoleacetic acid, a growth hormone, and the growth of X (a crop)?

11. How does human influence impact an aquatic ecosystem?

12. How can one organize a pollution check along a X canal in X?

13. What is the effect of the increased ecological footprint in the Amazon ?

14. What are the forest and woodland restoration in Siberia, Russia and which one is most effective?

15. How does human interference cause ecological imbalances in an X city/country/continent?

16. What is the impact of urban development on the bee population in X city?

17. What are the differences in the conversation efforts in Yosemite National Park (California, USA) and the Lake District National Park (UK)?

18. To what extent have healthcare policies in X country influenced their human population curve?

19. How have changes in environmental systems influenced the value system of X country?

20. How has X landfill site affected the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem?

21. What is the profitability of airline companies ?

22. How does unemployment affect the market?

23. Why did X recession occur?

24. How did the financial Policy affect the economy in X?

25. How effective are government policies in reducing overconsumption of alcohol (specifically hard liquor)?

26. To what extent are public buses and subways substitute goods in a country?

27. How did the tax reform in country x affect its growth and development? (many countries to choose from)

28. To what extent was weak government policy responsible for the Latin American financial crisis of 1997?

29. How effective is the Big Mac Index in measuring purchasing power parity?

30. To what extent would the UK suffer from leaving the European Customs Union if Brexit happens?

31. Is there an association between viewing violence on television and the display of violent acts?

32. What motivational climate should a coach employ in order to achieve optimal performance in athletes?

33. How does X hormone affect human behavior ?

34. Compare theories explaining altruism in human behaviour

35. Discuss short-term and long-term consequences of exposure to violence

36. Why do relationships change or end?

37. Discuss how social variables (poverty, parenting, educational environment) may the affect cognitive environment.

38. To what extent do mirror neurons play a role in empathy? (2014)

39. To what extent does Mindfulness help people cope with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

40. To what extent is drug therapy effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder?

41. Does the British Parliamentary reforms act of 1832 deserve its title as the great reform act?

42. To what extent are there similarities in Hitler and Mussolini’s Rise to Power?

43. To what extent did Mao’s tackle the problems which he faced?

44. Was Tsar Alexander II of Russia reforms a success or failure?

45. To what extent was the bombing of Dresden in 1945 justifiable?

46. To what extent can Sweden be considered neutral during WWII ?

47. The impact of structural economic weakness on the collapse of the Soviet Union.

48. How were women treated differently in 1920s and 1950s Great Britain?

49. Why did Israel win the Six Day War of 1967?

50. What role did economics play in the unification of Germany from 1834 to 1871?

English Literature

51. What are the Compare and Contrast Jane Austen Books?

52. How does Joseph Conrad’s portray Racism in A Heart of Darkness?

53. How does Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman critique today’s capitalist society? The American Dream?

54. To what extent does Chris McCandless in Jon Krakauer’s Into the Wild escape familial influence?

55. What are the similarities and differences between J.K. Rowling’s characterization of Severus Snape in Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows?

56. How does Yaa Gyasi use structure in her novel Homegoing to portray the evolution of time?

57. What is the impact of the social context on Holden Caufield and Huckleberry Finn?

58. How does Sylvia Path’s use of Inanimate objects in Bell Jar?

59. How is the empowerment of Feminine portrayed in the Lord of the Rings?

60. Compare the political rhetoric as used in the inaugural addresses of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump.

61. The design, construction and calibration of an apparatus for measuring lipid concentration in milk.

62. What is the effect of a change in the optimal lift on the horizontal gliding distance of an aircraft?

63. How does the sugar concentration affect the refractive index of water?

64. How does temperature affect the viscosity of X juice/soda?

65. Is the relationship between temperature and conductivity and insulators and conductors?

66. What is the Oberth Effect?

67. What is the temperature dependence of work performed on an AA battery?

68. How can the rotational frequency of a fan driven by a flame measure distance?

69. Do wine bottles of different shapes behave as Helmholtz resonators?

70. How does the diameter of a wheel affect stability in different weather conditions?

71. What factors influence the location of industries in country/city X?

72. An investigation into the significance of preserving the quality of water in a continent/country/city?

73. An investigation into the degree to which City X can be considered a Sustainable City/Community.

74. To what extent is Biodiversity being managed successfully in city X?

75. To what extent does the education and employment of women affect Country x’s fertility rate?

76. To what extent do gender, educational attainment, and working parameters influence obesity risk?

77. To what extent has urban development affected human thermal comfort levels in Country/city x (a country/city that has developed in a rapid rate over the past decades)?

78. To what extent is the Company x corporate waste management program effective, demonstrating environmental sustainability?

79. To what extent is biodiversity being managed successfully at National Park X?

80. What types of urban design encourage high rates of vandalism in X neighbourhoods?

81. The kinetics of Enzymatic Reactions.

82. How do Iron Intake Diets differ in X country?

83. What are the different factors that affect the iodine values in cooking oils?

84. What is the effect of standing time and temperate on the acid content in X juice or soda?

85. Can caffeine in tea or coffee be reduced?

86. What is the effect of temperature on the souring of milk?

87. What are the sources of error in calorimetry?

88. Does brushing your teeth affect the pH in your mouth after eating?

89. How does changing the concentration of the reagents affect the formation and spacing between Liesehang rings in the reaction between X chloride and X when conducted in a test tube?

90. What effect does the coating of aspirin tablets have on the hydrolysis of aspirin?

Social and Cultural Anthropology

91. How clothing relates to the cultural anthropology of X culture.

92. The extent to which social media networks affect different societies.

93. The relationship between ritual, myths and faith in an X society.

94. The history of rituals in X culture.

95. How different marriage rituals inform the cultural anthropology of X culture.

96. Climate change and its impact on the evolution of different creatures on the planet.

97. Understanding the social and cultural anthropology of the supernatural in X culture.

98. An analysis of body modification in relation to social and cultural anthropology.

100. Chaste systems and social ranks in societies.

There are so many class subjects that can form the basis of your extended essay, including these popular six subjects:

– Information technology

– Computer science

– Health science

– World studies

– Visual arts

– Business management

Extended essays are a great way to improve your writing skills in academic writing. Essays of a high standard that demonstrate critical thinking and in depth analysis can be submitted to academic journals. These have the potential to reach the global society.

Start Writing Your Extended Essay Topic

We hope this gave you some great inspiration for the variation of topics available for your Extended Essay . The research question you select is what will carry you through the entire process, so be sure to choose wisely!

Remember, if you are looking for more help with your Extended Essay, make sure to check out our guide which will tell you exactly how to plan, structure, research and write your Extended Essay!

Grab Free Extended Essay Resources!

No matter the subject groups in your diploma program, we’re here to help all of our IB students. Whether you’re writing about social and cultural anthropology, business management, design technology, or scientific methods for your IB diploma, Lanterna has you covered.

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Geography Extended Essay Topic Suggestions

As an experienced IB tutor with a profound understanding of the complexities of human and physical geography, I am excited to share a selection of intriguing topics for your Geography Extended Essay.

This collection is meticulously crafted to span the breadth of geographical inquiry, offering students topics that encapsulate both the physical contours of the Earth and the intricate patterns of human interaction within diverse landscapes. In guiding students through their academic explorations, I’ve witnessed how a well-chosen topic is not merely a task but a meaningful avenue for students to critically examine the intertwined relationship between environments and societies.

List of IB Geography EE Topics

This endeavor is an invitation for students to construct a comprehensive and insightful narrative, showcasing their ability to navigate the multifaceted dimensions of geography and present their findings with clarity and depth.

1. Human Geography

Urbanization and its Impact on Quality of Life : How has urbanization in a specific city impacted the quality of life of its residents?
Gentrification and Socioeconomic Change : How has gentrification in a particular neighborhood affected the socioeconomic status of its residents?
Migration Patterns and Cultural Integration : How do migration patterns affect cultural integration in a specific urban area?
The Geography of Homelessness : What are the spatial patterns of homelessness in a major city?
Rural to Urban Migration : How does rural to urban migration impact the economic development of a specific area?
The Impact of Tourism on Local Communities : How does tourism affect the economic and social fabric of a small community?
Gender Inequality in Urban Spaces : How is gender inequality manifested in the urban planning of a specific city?
The Effects of Globalization on Small Businesses : How has globalization impacted small businesses in a specific region?
Urban Planning and Sustainable Development : How does urban planning contribute to sustainable development in a specific city?
The Role of Public Transportation in Urban Development : How does public transportation impact urban development in a major city?

2. Physical Geography

Climate Change and Coastal Erosion : How is climate change impacting coastal erosion in a specific coastal region?
The Impact of Deforestation on Local Climate : How does deforestation affect the local climate in a tropical rainforest area?
Glacial Retreat and Its Environmental Impact : What are the environmental impacts of glacial retreat in the Himalayas?
Renewable Energy and Landscape Changes : How do renewable energy projects (like wind farms) impact the landscape in rural areas?
Soil Erosion in Agricultural Regions : What factors contribute to soil erosion in a major agricultural region?
The Impact of Natural Disasters on Landforms : How did a specific natural disaster (e.g., a hurricane) alter the landforms in its path?
Water Resource Management in Arid Regions : How is water resource management conducted in a specific arid region?
The Effects of Urbanization on Local Wildlife : How does urban expansion impact wildlife in surrounding areas?
Mountain Ecosystems and Climate Change : How is climate change affecting mountain ecosystems in a specific region?
Coral Reef Degradation and Environmental Factors : What environmental factors are contributing to coral reef degradation in a specific area?

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3. environmental geography.

Sustainable Practices in Urban Areas : How are sustainable practices being implemented in a specific urban area?
The Impact of Pollution on Urban Health : How does air or water pollution affect health outcomes in a major city?
Waste Management and Recycling Efforts : How effective are waste management and recycling efforts in a specific city?
Environmental Policies and Their Local Impact : How have recent environmental policies impacted a specific local ecosystem?
The Role of Green Spaces in Urban Environments : How do urban green spaces contribute to the environmental health of a city?
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Cities : What strategies are coastal cities using to adapt to climate change?
The Environmental Impact of Agriculture : How does intensive agriculture impact the environment in a specific region?
Conservation Efforts in Endangered Ecosystems : How are conservation efforts impacting an endangered ecosystem in a specific area?
Urban Heat Islands and Mitigation Strategies : What are the causes of urban heat islands in a major city, and how are they being mitigated?
The Impact of Industrialization on Local Environments : How has industrialization affected the local environment in a specific area?

4. Economic Geography

The Geography of Industry Location : Why are certain industries concentrated in specific geographic areas?
Global Trade Patterns and Their Local Impact : How do global trade patterns affect the economy of a specific region?
The Economic Impact of Natural Resources : How do natural resources contribute to the economic development of a specific area?
Agricultural Practices and Economic Development : How do different agricultural practices impact economic development in a rural area?
The Role of Technology in Economic Growth : How has technology-driven economic growth in a specific region?
Economic Disparities in Urban Areas : What factors contribute to economic disparities in different urban neighborhoods?
The Impact of Tourism on Local Economies : How does tourism economically impact a specific small town or region?
Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries : What is the impact of foreign direct investment on the economy of a specific developing country?
The Economic Effects of Urban Sprawl : How does urban sprawl affect the economies of suburban areas?
The Role of Transportation in Economic Development : How does transportation infrastructure impact economic development in a specific region?

5. Geopolitical Issues

Border Disputes and Their Geographic Implications : How do border disputes impact the geography of a specific region?
The Geopolitics of Water Resources : How do geopolitical tensions arise over water resources in a specific area?
The Impact of Colonialism on Modern Geopolitical Maps : How has colonialism shaped the current geopolitical landscape of a specific region?
Resource Control and Political Power : How does control over natural resources (like oil) impact political power in a specific country?
Geographic Factors in International Conflicts : How have geographic factors contributed to an international conflict in a specific area?
Climate Change and Geopolitical Tensions : How is climate change exacerbating geopolitical tensions in a specific region?
The Role of Geography in International Trade Agreements : How does geography play a role in shaping international trade agreements?
Territorial Changes Post-War : How have territorial changes post-conflict affected the geography of a specific region?
The Geopolitics of Energy Resources : How do energy resources influence geopolitical relationships in the Middle East?
Maritime Boundaries and International Law : How do maritime boundaries affect international relations in the South China Sea?

Bringing our exploration of Geography Extended Essay topics to a close, I trust these suggestions have sparked your intellectual curiosity and geographic imagination. The journey of composing a Geography Extended Essay is a rich tapestry of detailed research, critical spatial analysis, and thoughtful synthesis of information.

As you fine-tune your topic and advance your investigation, consider this your opportunity to make a significant contribution to the field of geographic scholarship.

Your essay is a space to demonstrate your analytical acumen, your capacity for innovative thinking, and your ability to connect geographic theory with the complexities of the real world. Let your work be a reflection of your academic commitment and a celebration of geography’s pivotal role in shaping our understanding of the world’s diverse landscapes and cultures.

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Geography Extended Essay: Definition, Rubric, And Topics for IB

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The IB program requires you to write a 4,000-word extended essay on any subject of your choice. So if you’ve picked Geography as your focus area, you’ll find this guide incredibly helpful.

This guide to Geography extended essay covers the following:

Choice of topic
Treatment of your selected topic and
The assessment criteria

What’s Geography Extended Essay?

An extended essay in Geography provide students the opportunity to employ a wide variety of abilities and develops an original and in-depth geographic investigation. Spatial focus as well as the application of geographical theories characterize the length of this assignment.

Choosing a Geography Extended Essay Topic

One thing you have to get right before you start writing an extended essay in Geography is topic selection.

1. Pick a Narrow, Focused Topic

The topic you choose should have a geographical focus because you’ll have to ensure the research topic guides you down a route that uses acceptable geographical materials and fosters the application of pertinent geographical concepts, theories, or ideas.

To be abundantly clear, the topic you choose should not be excessively broad because essays written on broad topics are rarely successful.

Make your topic narrowly targeted to promote in-depth investigation as opposed to a broad one. Additionally, it is essential that you establish the geographical background of the essay early on.

2. Base Your Topic on Local Research

Investigations conducted on a local basis often receive the best grades. This restricted emphasis discourages an excessive dependence on existing information and promotes original research.

Extended essays written on topics known and accessible to the student have a larger probability of success due to the student’s stronger personal connection, which stimulates more in-depth research.

3. Choose a Topic that Encourages Original Research

The cornerstone of a successful geography extended essay is a robust technique that includes the collecting of high-quality facts.

Good data allows the IB learner to conduct the sort of in-depth examination that distinguishes the finest works. It’s unlikely that an essay relying solely on published textbooks will receive a high grade.

How to Treat Your Geography EE Topic

You don’t want to view a geography extended essay as merely an extended piece of fieldwork.

Although there may be parallels in technique, the extended essay doesn’t have to lay a heavy focus on original field data. In other words, you can rely on already existing research ideas on previously published data to get the work done.

When researching the topic you’ve selected, pay more attention on written analysis, interpretation, and assessment, as well as the development of an argument rather than data collection and processing procedures.

Supporting Your Geography Extended Essay

A geography extended essay must include proper ways for showing information or data. You should include diagrams, sketch maps, tables, and graphs, making sure you acknowledge their origin if you draw them from other sources.

We strongly recommend the use of maps at the beginning to provide a clear geographical backdrop for the inquiry. Every map must provide an indication of direction and size, as well as a key.

As supporting data, the usage of sketch maps and labeled or annotated diagrams is strongly encouraged.
You can use computer-generated maps provided you identify the computer software used.
Hand-drawn maps should be neat and legible, with appropriate use of color shading, a scale, and a key.
If you include photographs in your work, make sure they’re integral to the text and not just decorative.

IB Geography Extended Essay Assessment Criteria Explained

The following is the assessment criteria used for the extended essay in Geography:

Criterion A: Research Question

The research question must be specific, relevant to the topic of geography, provide a geographical context for the essay, and inspire an inquisitive approach.

Many effective essays in geography explore the research issue through the formation of one or more hypotheses. If you include a hypothesis in your work, make sure it’s well constructed, testable, grounded in geographical theory, and incorporate proper investigation channels.

Criterion B: Introduction

It is essential to contextualize the study issue geographically and theoretically. Therefore, the introduction should define the scope and location of the inquiry and illustrate the relevance of the issue to existing geographical knowledge and theory.

There should be an explanation of why you chose the issue and why it merits examination. The introduction of the essay should be simple and straightforward.

Criterion C: Investigation

It is essential that the inquiry utilize a variety of data sources, including those specified in the “Treatment of the issue” section. The materials you pick for the essay must be pertinent to the subject and give the evidence that will support your argument.

The essay must employ adequate qualitative and quantitative data and/or information. For instance, questionnaires must have enough respondents for the results to be reliable.

Adopting a technique that begins with the gathering and selection of relevant material leads to a methodical analysis with legitimate results, interpretation, and conclusions, and concludes with a critical review of the evidence and the strategy used is the correct essay planning.

Criterion D: Knowledge of the Topic

A successful essay requires knowledge and comprehension of the theoretical basis and an awareness of the academic setting.

Using both primary and secondary sources , you should integrate their own ideas with current geographical theory to accomplish this.

Criterion E: Reasoned Argument

The argument can be personal, but it must also be rational and well balanced. By using proper maps, diagrams, drawings, pictures, and charts/graphs, you can convey evidence in graphical as well as textual format.

If and where applicable, the argument you present should give evidence that leads to the acceptance or rejection of the initial hypothesis. Avoid prejudice in the context of an issue, dispute, or problem inquiry.

Criterion F: Application Analysis & Skill Evaluation

The majority of the evidence supplied to support an argument in a geography extended essay comes from data analysis. This necessitates the application of proper analytical procedures and tests of significance.

The use of interaction and gravity models, network analysis, correlation techniques, dispersion measurements, sampling procedures, and standard error estimates are among the legitimate tools distinctive of geographical investigation.

When analyzing qualitative data, you must employ the right analytic procedures. Your research should demonstrate an understanding of the data’s legitimacy, validity, and limits, as well as the methodologies employed.

It is possible that the outcomes of the study are surprising or do not appear to conform to prevailing trends. This might lead to the absence of data. Even if that’s the case, the essay must nonetheless include a critical examination and evaluation of the material presented.

Criterion G: Language Selection

This criterion examines whether you’ve utilized Geographical terminology and language correctly and consistently throughout the essay.

It is essential to adopt a style that is impartial, avoids long personal assertions and viewpoints, and conveys geographical facts and concepts clearly and precisely.

Criterion H: Conclusion

The conclusion should include a summary of the investigation’s conclusions and quickly recap the pertinent evidence. If and where applicable, you should indicate which hypotheses have been accepted or rejected – and give an explanation.

The conclusion of your essay should examine the adequacy of the approach and identify any defects or constraints in the investigational procedure.

The conclusion should not be an emotional personal remark about a topic, dispute, or problem, nor should it bring new facts not presented throughout the argument.

Criterion I: Formal Presentation

This criterion addresses the extent to which the essay complies with academic norms about the format of research papers. It is inappropriate to offer an essay without a bibliography or citations.

Essays that remove one of the required extended essay outline get a rating of no higher than good, and those that omit two of them get a rating of subpar.

All graphic material mentioned in the body of the article (maps, pictures, field drawings, charts, and so forth) should be at the appropriate locations, not at the conclusion or in appendices. It should be well organized and utilized to complement the textual material and clarify explanations.

Big data tables, published large maps, transcripts of interviews, and lengthy series of computations go to the appendices. It is not necessary to add field notes as an appendix, but you can include at least one completed questionnaire form.

You need to cite source of any data, diagrams, graphs, charts, tables, and pictures where feasible.

Criterion J: Abstract

The abstract should clearly express the research topic, describe how you conducted the study, the techniques employed, and the types of data collected.

Also, it should provide a concise summary of the findings as stated in the conclusion.

Criterion K: Holistic Judgement

For holistic judgment, you need to make sure your Geography extended essay reflects the following characteristics:

Intellectual initiative: You can demonstrate this by creating a hard research subject, applying unique or imaginative techniques of data collecting and data analysis, and generating an original work.
Understand the topic’s theoretical context and maintain it as the focus of the inquiry.
Utilize introspection in the construction of your argument and assessment of your writing.
Pick and employ inventive illustrative ways
Overcome difficulties that emerge
Modify views based on fresh facts.

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The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, and Ideas

International Baccalaureate (IB)

IB students around the globe fear writing the Extended Essay, but it doesn't have to be a source of stress! In this article, I'll get you excited about writing your Extended Essay and provide you with the resources you need to get an A on it.

If you're reading this article, I'm going to assume you're an IB student getting ready to write your Extended Essay. If you're looking at this as a potential future IB student, I recommend reading our introductory IB articles first, including our guide to what the IB program is and our full coverage of the IB curriculum .

IB Extended Essay: Why Should You Trust My Advice?

I myself am a recipient of an IB Diploma, and I happened to receive an A on my IB Extended Essay. Don't believe me? The proof is in the IBO pudding:

If you're confused by what this report means, EE is short for Extended Essay , and English A1 is the subject that my Extended Essay topic coordinated with. In layman's terms, my IB Diploma was graded in May 2010, I wrote my Extended Essay in the English A1 category, and I received an A grade on it.

What Is the Extended Essay in the IB Diploma Programme?

The IB Extended Essay, or EE , is a mini-thesis you write under the supervision of an IB advisor (an IB teacher at your school), which counts toward your IB Diploma (learn more about the major IB Diploma requirements in our guide) . I will explain exactly how the EE affects your Diploma later in this article.

For the Extended Essay, you will choose a research question as a topic, conduct the research independently, then write an essay on your findings . The essay itself is a long one—although there's a cap of 4,000 words, most successful essays get very close to this limit.

Keep in mind that the IB requires this essay to be a "formal piece of academic writing," meaning you'll have to do outside research and cite additional sources.

The IB Extended Essay must include the following:

A title page
Contents page
Introduction
Body of the essay
References and bibliography

Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories , or IB subject groups, which are as follows:

Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature
Group 2: Language Acquisition
Group 3: Individuals and Societies
Group 4: Sciences
Group 5: Mathematics
Group 6: The Arts

Once you figure out your category and have identified a potential research topic, it's time to pick your advisor, who is normally an IB teacher at your school (though you can also find one online ). This person will help direct your research, and they'll conduct the reflection sessions you'll have to do as part of your Extended Essay.

As of 2018, the IB requires a "reflection process" as part of your EE supervision process. To fulfill this requirement, you have to meet at least three times with your supervisor in what the IB calls "reflection sessions." These meetings are not only mandatory but are also part of the formal assessment of the EE and your research methods.

According to the IB, the purpose of these meetings is to "provide an opportunity for students to reflect on their engagement with the research process." Basically, these meetings give your supervisor the opportunity to offer feedback, push you to think differently, and encourage you to evaluate your research process.

The final reflection session is called the viva voce, and it's a short 10- to 15-minute interview between you and your advisor. This happens at the very end of the EE process, and it's designed to help your advisor write their report, which factors into your EE grade.

Here are the topics covered in your viva voce :

A check on plagiarism and malpractice
Your reflection on your project's successes and difficulties
Your reflection on what you've learned during the EE process

Your completed Extended Essay, along with your supervisor's report, will then be sent to the IB to be graded. We'll cover the assessment criteria in just a moment.

We'll help you learn how to have those "lightbulb" moments...even on test day!

What Should You Write About in Your IB Extended Essay?

You can technically write about anything, so long as it falls within one of the approved categories listed above.

It's best to choose a topic that matches one of the IB courses , (such as Theatre, Film, Spanish, French, Math, Biology, etc.), which shouldn't be difficult because there are so many class subjects.

Here is a range of sample topics with the attached extended essay:

Biology: The Effect of Age and Gender on the Photoreceptor Cells in the Human Retina
Chemistry: How Does Reflux Time Affect the Yield and Purity of Ethyl Aminobenzoate (Benzocaine), and How Effective is Recrystallisation as a Purification Technique for This Compound?
English: An Exploration of Jane Austen's Use of the Outdoors in Emma
Geography: The Effect of Location on the Educational Attainment of Indigenous Secondary Students in Queensland, Australia
Math: Alhazen's Billiard Problem
Visual Arts: Can Luc Tuymans Be Classified as a Political Painter?

You can see from how varied the topics are that you have a lot of freedom when it comes to picking a topic . So how do you pick when the options are limitless?

How to Write a Stellar IB Extended Essay: 6 Essential Tips

Below are six key tips to keep in mind as you work on your Extended Essay for the IB DP. Follow these and you're sure to get an A!

#1: Write About Something You Enjoy

You can't expect to write a compelling essay if you're not a fan of the topic on which you're writing. For example, I just love British theatre and ended up writing my Extended Essay on a revolution in post-WWII British theatre. (Yes, I'm definitely a #TheatreNerd.)

I really encourage anyone who pursues an IB Diploma to take the Extended Essay seriously. I was fortunate enough to receive a full-tuition merit scholarship to USC's School of Dramatic Arts program. In my interview for the scholarship, I spoke passionately about my Extended Essay; thus, I genuinely think my Extended Essay helped me get my scholarship.

But how do you find a topic you're passionate about? Start by thinking about which classes you enjoy the most and why . Do you like math classes because you like to solve problems? Or do you enjoy English because you like to analyze literary texts?

Keep in mind that there's no right or wrong answer when it comes to choosing your Extended Essay topic. You're not more likely to get high marks because you're writing about science, just like you're not doomed to failure because you've chosen to tackle the social sciences. The quality of what you produce—not the field you choose to research within—will determine your grade.

Once you've figured out your category, you should brainstorm more specific topics by putting pen to paper . What was your favorite chapter you learned in that class? Was it astrophysics or mechanics? What did you like about that specific chapter? Is there something you want to learn more about? I recommend spending a few hours on this type of brainstorming.

One last note: if you're truly stumped on what to research, pick a topic that will help you in your future major or career . That way you can use your Extended Essay as a talking point in your college essays (and it will prepare you for your studies to come too!).

#2: Select a Topic That Is Neither Too Broad nor Too Narrow

There's a fine line between broad and narrow. You need to write about something specific, but not so specific that you can't write 4,000 words on it.

You can't write about WWII because that would be a book's worth of material. You also don't want to write about what type of soup prisoners of war received behind enemy lines, because you probably won’t be able to come up with 4,000 words of material about it. However, you could possibly write about how the conditions in German POW camps—and the rations provided—were directly affected by the Nazis' successes and failures on the front, including the use of captured factories and prison labor in Eastern Europe to increase production. WWII military history might be a little overdone, but you get my point.

If you're really stuck trying to pinpoint a not-too-broad-or-too-narrow topic, I suggest trying to brainstorm a topic that uses a comparison. Once you begin looking through the list of sample essays below, you'll notice that many use comparisons to formulate their main arguments.

I also used a comparison in my EE, contrasting Harold Pinter's Party Time with John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in order to show a transition in British theatre. Topics with comparisons of two to three plays, books, and so on tend to be the sweet spot. You can analyze each item and then compare them with one another after doing some in-depth analysis of each individually. The ways these items compare and contrast will end up forming the thesis of your essay!

When choosing a comparative topic, the key is that the comparison should be significant. I compared two plays to illustrate the transition in British theatre, but you could compare the ways different regional dialects affect people's job prospects or how different temperatures may or may not affect the mating patterns of lightning bugs. The point here is that comparisons not only help you limit your topic, but they also help you build your argument.

Comparisons are not the only way to get a grade-A EE, though. If after brainstorming, you pick a non-comparison-based topic and are still unsure whether your topic is too broad or narrow, spend about 30 minutes doing some basic research and see how much material is out there.

If there are more than 1,000 books, articles, or documentaries out there on that exact topic, it may be too broad. But if there are only two books that have any connection to your topic, it may be too narrow. If you're still unsure, ask your advisor—it's what they're there for! Speaking of advisors...

Don't get stuck with a narrow topic!

#3: Choose an Advisor Who Is Familiar With Your Topic

If you're not certain of who you would like to be your advisor, create a list of your top three choices. Next, write down the pros and cons of each possibility (I know this sounds tedious, but it really helps!).

For example, Mr. Green is my favorite teacher and we get along really well, but he teaches English. For my EE, I want to conduct an experiment that compares the efficiency of American electric cars with foreign electric cars.

I had Ms. White a year ago. She teaches physics and enjoyed having me in her class. Unlike Mr. Green, Ms. White could help me design my experiment.

Based on my topic and what I need from my advisor, Ms. White would be a better fit for me than would Mr. Green (even though I like him a lot).

The moral of my story is this: do not just ask your favorite teacher to be your advisor . They might be a hindrance to you if they teach another subject. For example, I would not recommend asking your biology teacher to guide you in writing an English literature-based EE.

There can, of course, be exceptions to this rule. If you have a teacher who's passionate and knowledgeable about your topic (as my English teacher was about my theatre topic), you could ask that instructor. Consider all your options before you do this. There was no theatre teacher at my high school, so I couldn't find a theatre-specific advisor, but I chose the next best thing.

Before you approach a teacher to serve as your advisor, check with your high school to see what requirements they have for this process. Some IB high schools require your IB Extended Essay advisor to sign an Agreement Form , for instance.

Make sure that you ask your IB coordinator whether there is any required paperwork to fill out. If your school needs a specific form signed, bring it with you when you ask your teacher to be your EE advisor.

#4: Pick an Advisor Who Will Push You to Be Your Best

Some teachers might just take on students because they have to and aren't very passionate about reading drafts, only giving you minimal feedback. Choose a teacher who will take the time to read several drafts of your essay and give you extensive notes. I would not have gotten my A without being pushed to make my Extended Essay draft better.

Ask a teacher that you have experience with through class or an extracurricular activity. Do not ask a teacher that you have absolutely no connection to. If a teacher already knows you, that means they already know your strengths and weaknesses, so they know what to look for, where you need to improve, and how to encourage your best work.

Also, don't forget that your supervisor's assessment is part of your overall EE score . If you're meeting with someone who pushes you to do better—and you actually take their advice—they'll have more impressive things to say about you than a supervisor who doesn't know you well and isn't heavily involved in your research process.

Be aware that the IB only allows advisors to make suggestions and give constructive criticism. Your teacher cannot actually help you write your EE. The IB recommends that the supervisor spends approximately two to three hours in total with the candidate discussing the EE.

#5: Make Sure Your Essay Has a Clear Structure and Flow

The IB likes structure. Your EE needs a clear introduction (which should be one to two double-spaced pages), research question/focus (i.e., what you're investigating), a body, and a conclusion (about one double-spaced page). An essay with unclear organization will be graded poorly.

The body of your EE should make up the bulk of the essay. It should be about eight to 18 pages long (again, depending on your topic). Your body can be split into multiple parts. For example, if you were doing a comparison, you might have one third of your body as Novel A Analysis, another third as Novel B Analysis, and the final third as your comparison of Novels A and B.

If you're conducting an experiment or analyzing data, such as in this EE , your EE body should have a clear structure that aligns with the scientific method ; you should state the research question, discuss your method, present the data, analyze the data, explain any uncertainties, and draw a conclusion and/or evaluate the success of the experiment.

#6: Start Writing Sooner Rather Than Later!

You will not be able to crank out a 4,000-word essay in just a week and get an A on it. You'll be reading many, many articles (and, depending on your topic, possibly books and plays as well!). As such, it's imperative that you start your research as soon as possible.

Each school has a slightly different deadline for the Extended Essay. Some schools want them as soon as November of your senior year; others will take them as late as February. Your school will tell you what your deadline is. If they haven't mentioned it by February of your junior year, ask your IB coordinator about it.

Some high schools will provide you with a timeline of when you need to come up with a topic, when you need to meet with your advisor, and when certain drafts are due. Not all schools do this. Ask your IB coordinator if you are unsure whether you are on a specific timeline.

Below is my recommended EE timeline. While it's earlier than most schools, it'll save you a ton of heartache (trust me, I remember how hard this process was!):

January/February of Junior Year: Come up with your final research topic (or at least your top three options).
February of Junior Year: Approach a teacher about being your EE advisor. If they decline, keep asking others until you find one. See my notes above on how to pick an EE advisor.
April/May of Junior Year: Submit an outline of your EE and a bibliography of potential research sources (I recommend at least seven to 10) to your EE advisor. Meet with your EE advisor to discuss your outline.
Summer Between Junior and Senior Year: Complete your first full draft over the summer between your junior and senior year. I know, I know—no one wants to work during the summer, but trust me—this will save you so much stress come fall when you are busy with college applications and other internal assessments for your IB classes. You will want to have this first full draft done because you will want to complete a couple of draft cycles as you likely won't be able to get everything you want to say into 4,000 articulate words on the first attempt. Try to get this first draft into the best possible shape so you don't have to work on too many revisions during the school year on top of your homework, college applications, and extracurriculars.
August/September of Senior Year: Turn in your first draft of your EE to your advisor and receive feedback. Work on incorporating their feedback into your essay. If they have a lot of suggestions for improvement, ask if they will read one more draft before the final draft.
September/October of Senior Year: Submit the second draft of your EE to your advisor (if necessary) and look at their feedback. Work on creating the best possible final draft.
November-February of Senior Year: Schedule your viva voce. Submit two copies of your final draft to your school to be sent off to the IB. You likely will not get your grade until after you graduate.

Remember that in the middle of these milestones, you'll need to schedule two other reflection sessions with your advisor . (Your teachers will actually take notes on these sessions on a form like this one , which then gets submitted to the IB.)

I recommend doing them when you get feedback on your drafts, but these meetings will ultimately be up to your supervisor. Just don't forget to do them!

The early bird DOES get the worm!

How Is the IB Extended Essay Graded?

Extended Essays are graded by examiners appointed by the IB on a scale of 0 to 34 . You'll be graded on five criteria, each with its own set of points. You can learn more about how EE scoring works by reading the IB guide to extended essays .

Criterion A: Focus and Method (6 points maximum)
Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding (6 points maximum)
Criterion C: Critical Thinking (12 points maximum)
Criterion D: Presentation (4 points maximum)
Criterion E: Engagement (6 points maximum)

How well you do on each of these criteria will determine the final letter grade you get for your EE. You must earn at least a D to be eligible to receive your IB Diploma.

Although each criterion has a point value, the IB explicitly states that graders are not converting point totals into grades; instead, they're using qualitative grade descriptors to determine the final grade of your Extended Essay . Grade descriptors are on pages 102-103 of this document .

Here's a rough estimate of how these different point values translate to letter grades based on previous scoring methods for the EE. This is just an estimate —you should read and understand the grade descriptors so you know exactly what the scorers are looking for.

Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2021 bulletin):

How Does the Extended Essay Grade Affect Your IB Diploma?

The Extended Essay grade is combined with your TOK (Theory of Knowledge) grade to determine how many points you get toward your IB Diploma.

To learn about Theory of Knowledge or how many points you need to receive an IB Diploma, read our complete guide to the IB program and our guide to the IB Diploma requirements .

This diagram shows how the two scores are combined to determine how many points you receive for your IB diploma (3 being the most, 0 being the least). In order to get your IB Diploma, you have to earn 24 points across both categories (the TOK and EE). The highest score anyone can earn is 45 points.

Let's say you get an A on your EE and a B on TOK. You will get 3 points toward your Diploma. As of 2014, a student who scores an E on either the extended essay or TOK essay will not be eligible to receive an IB Diploma .

Prior to the class of 2010, a Diploma candidate could receive a failing grade in either the Extended Essay or Theory of Knowledge and still be awarded a Diploma, but this is no longer true.

Figuring out how you're assessed can be a little tricky. Luckily, the IB breaks everything down here in this document . (The assessment information begins on page 219.)

40+ Sample Extended Essays for the IB Diploma Programme

In case you want a little more guidance on how to get an A on your EE, here are over 40 excellent (grade A) sample extended essays for your reading pleasure. Essays are grouped by IB subject.

Business Management 1
Chemistry 1
Chemistry 2
Chemistry 3
Chemistry 4
Chemistry 5
Chemistry 6
Chemistry 7
Computer Science 1
Economics 1
Design Technology 1
Design Technology 2
Environmental Systems and Societies 1
Geography 1
Geography 2
Geography 3
Geography 4
Geography 5
Geography 6
Literature and Performance 1
Mathematics 1
Mathematics 2
Mathematics 3
Mathematics 4
Mathematics 5
Philosophy 1
Philosophy 2
Philosophy 3
Philosophy 4
Philosophy 5
Psychology 1
Psychology 2
Psychology 3
Psychology 4
Psychology 5
Social and Cultural Anthropology 1
Social and Cultural Anthropology 2
Social and Cultural Anthropology 3
Sports, Exercise and Health Science 1
Sports, Exercise and Health Science 2
Visual Arts 1
Visual Arts 2
Visual Arts 3
Visual Arts 4
Visual Arts 5
World Religion 1
World Religion 2
World Religion 3

What's Next?

Trying to figure out what extracurriculars you should do? Learn more about participating in the Science Olympiad , starting a club , doing volunteer work , and joining Student Government .

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Not sure where you want to go to college? Read our guide to finding your target school . Also, determine your target SAT score or target ACT score .

Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download them for free now:

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2016-2025 IB Extended Essay: Sample IB EE's

Workshop 1: Getting started
Workshop 2: EE Options
Workshop 3: Selecting a topic
Workshop 4:Research Questions
Workshop 5: Supervisors and Reflections
Finding Books & Ebooks
Primary Sources
Citation Guide
Subject guidance
Sample IB EE's
Biology (2018 new rubric)
Biology Light Intensity
Does Age Have an Effect on Short-term Memory of 6 to 18 Year Old Students?

Chemistry:

Chemistry 1
What are the Alternative Fuels for the Depleting Fossil Fuels and which is the Best Fuel in Accordance with the Energy Output?
A Copper Ions
Chemistry 3

Design Technology

Does Hull Trim and Balance Affect the Speed of a Boat?

Individuals & Society:

Market Form of the Retail Petroleum Supply Industry in Parklands
Economics 1
Economics 2
Economics 3

I have an exemplar but the file is too big to upload. If you are interested in this topic I can share the essay with you.

Geography 2
History EE (2018 new rubric)
To What Extent was the Establishment of the State of Israel in Palestine in 1948, Influenced by Theodor Herzl?

Information Technology in a Global Society

Philosophy 1
Philosophy 2
Philosophy 3
Philosophy 4
Psychology EE (2018 new rubric)
Applied Behavior Analysis and Early Intervention: The Extent of Recovery from Autism
Psychology 1
Psychology 2
Psychology 3

Social & Cultural Anthropology

Social & Cultural Anthropology 1
Social & Cultural Anthropology 2

World Religions

To What Extent do the Core Scriptural Teachings of Sikhism Permit them to Marry Outside of the Religion?
World Religions 1
World Religions 2

Language Acquisition:

French: Les Liaisons Dangereuses

Literature & Language

Journeys in the Inferno and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Toni Morrison

Math:

Cryptography and Rubik's Cube: An Investigative Analysis
Pascal's Triangle

Visual Arts:

How Does the work of Yinka Shonibare Illustrate the Changing Role of African Art in a Global Society?
Ballet's Accessibility and Costumes Affecting Society's View of the Art Form
Visual Arts 1
Visual Arts 4

Interdisciplinary Essays:

Environmental Systems & Societies

ESS Extended Essay (2018 new rubric)

World Studies

World Studies EE History, Economics, & Politics (2018 new rubric)
Does the Production of Dairy and Meat from Dairy Cows in the United States affect the Environment and Well Being of Animals and Humans?
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Last Updated: Nov 7, 2024 12:56 PM
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How to write?

IB Tutor’s Guide to Writing a Geography Extended Essay

Luke MacQuoid

October 16, 2023

As a seasoned IB tutor, I’ve encountered numerous students grappling with penning a compelling Geography extended essay. Based on my experience and understanding of the IB criteria , I aim to share a few pointers that could be instrumental in your academic path.

IB Geography Extended Essay: Specifics and Assessment Criteria

The golden number for the extended essay is 4,000 words. It’s a strict maximum, and it’s crucial to adhere to it. The 4,000-word limit does not include the abstract, footnotes and endnotes, bibliography or works cited, or appendices. Maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, annotated figures, and tables are not counted.

This type of essay also has specific assessment criteria for evaluating students’ work. Each has different weightings and is used to assess various aspects of the paper. Here is a general overview of the assessment criteria for the IB Geography extended essay as of that time.

Criterion A: Focus and Method

From my time working closely with the IB curriculum, one of the critical pillars of a geography extended essay is its focus and method. According to general IB criteria, this aspect evaluates the clarity of your topic and how well you’ve framed your research question. A well-defined topic appropriate for a Geography extended essay, combined with a systematic research approach, can set a solid foundation.

Criterion B: Knowledge and Understanding

Over the years, I’ve realized that genuine success in the extended essay lies in demonstrating profound knowledge and understanding of your chosen topic. As far as I know, evaluators look for the depth of your context and how well you wield subject-specific terminologies.

Criterion C: Critical Thinking

In all my years as an IB tutor, if there’s one thing I’ve consistently emphasized, it’s the importance of critical thinking. According to general IB criteria, this section assesses your ability to analyze, discuss, and evaluate your research question. Writing a well-structured argument and ensuring the reliability of your research is crucial.

Criterion D: Presentation

Presentation might seem minor, but as I’ve seen time and again, it can significantly impact the reader’s experience. The structure, layout, and elements like tables and charts should be presented meticulously. And, of course, always ensure your sources are cited using a recognized convention. A well-presented essay is like a well-wrapped gift — it heightens the anticipation and enriches the experience.

Criterion E: Engagement

Engagement is all about showcasing your connection with the topic. From my extensive interactions with students, I’ve found that those who display genuine personal engagement produce more compelling essays. According to general IB criteria, this section seeks to understand your relationship with your research, making it an integral aspect of the essay.

Criterion F: Use of Subject-specific Terminology and Conventions

Lastly, but by no means least, is the use of subject-specific terminology. Geography has its unique terms, maps, diagrams, and conventions. Employing these accurately and consistently raises the quality of your essay and showcases your expertise in the subject.

Choosing the Right Topic for Your Geography Extended Essay

Ah, the challenge of finding the perfect topic! I know from countless student interactions that this initial stage can often be daunting. But fret not! There’s a wealth of Geography extended essay topics out there. Focus on areas that genuinely pique your interest, as your enthusiasm will shine through in your writing .

How to Find Geography Extended Essay Topics

One effective way to develop ideas is to reflect on recent global events, geographical phenomena, or even localized issues with global implications. Reading recent publications, geographical journals, or news outlets that highlight environmental and geographical stories can offer many ideas. The vast scope of geography, from human interactions to intricate environmental processes, provides a canvas for many topics .

Reputable books can improve the quality of your Geography extended essay.

Research and Planning: Using Trustworthy and Academic Sources

A well-researched essay is like a well-cooked meal — satisfying and leaves a lasting impression. Always prioritize reputable academic sources . Remember, the quality of your sources can make or break your essay:

School’s Library . In my experience, school or university libraries are goldmines of reliable academic books, journals, and other publications. They often provide access to databases that can be incredibly valuable.
Books with High Publisher’s Reputation . Established academic publishers often have stringent editorial standards. Look for names like Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press, and Routledge.
Online Scholarly Databases . Websites like Google Scholar , JSTOR , and ScienceDirect offer many peer-reviewed articles and papers. From my experience, these are goldmines for researchers.
Geographical Journals . Given the subject, journals such as Geographical Journal or Area often publish the latest research in Geography. They’re both current and highly reputable.
Expert Opinions . If possible, engage with geography professors or professionals in the field. Their insights can offer depth and a fresh perspective to your essay.
Current Events . They can play a significant role in a subject like geography. Keep an eye on global news that relates to your topic.
Other Source Types . While journals and articles are valuable, don’t avoid documentaries, interviews, or reputable podcasts. Different mediums can offer varied viewpoints.

Sites like Wikipedia, while informative, should be something other than your primary sources. They can be a starting point but always verify the information. As you research, keep track of all your sources. Tools like Zotero or Mendeley can help organize your references. It saves time and ensures you keep track of all valuable information.

Always ensure that any facts or data you obtain from one source can be verified with another reliable source. It adds a layer of authenticity to your research. As you progress, regularly review your collected data and sources. Ensure that they align with your research question and adjust if necessary.

Structuring Your IB Geography Extended Essay

The structure is the scaffold upon which your ideas are built. In line with general IB criteria, a well-structured essay comprises an introduction, body, and conclusion, each flowing seamlessly into the other. Transition paragraphs are invaluable in maintaining coherence as you move from one section to another.

Introduction: Setting the Stage

Your introduction is the gateway to your essay. In this section, clearly state your research question, briefly outline the scope of your investigation, and hint at the conclusion. In my experience, a compelling introduction draws the reader in and makes them want to read more about your work.

Need help with your IB extended essay?

From research and analysis to structuring and editing, our skilled mentors will be by your side, helping you craft an exceptional extended essay that not only meets the wordcount and stringent IB criteria but also reflects your passion for selected IB group .

Body: The Heart of Your Argument

It is where you’ll get into the meat of your research, presenting arguments, evidence, analysis, and perspectives. Typically, the body is subdivided into several sections, each focusing on specific aspects of your topic.

Also, remember:

Use subheadings to segment your ideas.
Present evidence and follow it with analysis. It ensures the reader understands the relevance of each piece of evidence you present.
Transition paragraphs or sentences are crucial here to ensure that one section flows smoothly to the next.

Ensuring each section has a clear focus and contributes to your overall argument is paramount.

Case Studies and Real-World Examples

For a Geography extended essay , integrating case studies can be invaluable. It bolsters your arguments and provides practical examples, making your essay relatable and grounded.

Wrapping It Up

Your conclusion is where you revisit your research question, summarizing your findings and reflecting on the implications of your research. In my experience, a firm conclusion doesn’t merely restate the introduction but provides a synthesis of your main points, leaving the reader with a lasting impression.

Appendices and Footnotes

While not part of the main content, supplementary information, data sets, or detailed explanations can be included in the appendices. Footnotes, however, are excellent for clarification without breaking your essay’s flow.

Bibliography: Giving Credit Where It’s Due

A comprehensive list of all the sources you’ve consulted is essential. It adds credibility to your essay and adheres to academic conventions. Trust me, proper citation can affect how your essay is received.

To wrap things up, writing a Geography extended essay is rewarding, especially when you’re equipped with the right insights. Take it from someone who’s been there and done that; with dedication and the right approach, you’re well on your way to creating a commendable piece.

Lastly, staying updated with the latest geographical findings and trends is essential. They can be invaluable in adding depth and contemporary relevance to your paper. If you need help with a Geography extended essay , our IB writers are always ready to help!

Luke MacQuoid has extensive experience teaching English as a foreign language in Japan, having worked with students of all ages for over 12 years. Currently, he is teaching at the tertiary level. Luke holds a BA from the University of Sussex and an MA in TESOL from Lancaster University, both located in England. As well to his work as an IB Examiner and Master Tutor, Luke also enjoys sharing his experiences and insights with others through writing articles for various websites, including extendedessaywriters.com blog

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The Complete Extended Essay Guide | 100 Topics & Examples

Published by Ellie Cross at November 3rd, 2021 , Revised On July 10, 2023

One of the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme’s mandatory requirements is to produce a 4,000 words long extended essay, which should be submitted as an independent piece of research.

All IB students must complete the extended essay assignment regardless of the subjects they are taking because, together with CAS and TOK, it is a core module of the IB programme.

An extended essay allows students to choose any suitable topic of their choice and demonstrate their knowledge and capability beyond what they learn in the classroom. This assignment sets the stage for students to hone their research and writing skills for Bachelor’s and Master’s level coursework.

Students write an extended essay in the second term of the IB program’s first year. All students are expected to work closely with their supervisor to finalise the essay topic and the research questions.

The project involves submitting one extended essay draft to get the supervisor’s feedback before submitting the second and final version. A short viva voce must be included at the end of the essay.

Extended Essay Facts

The length of the essay should not be more than 4,000 words.
The project is expected to be completed over a period of one year.
Significance of the extended essay
In 2019 – approximately 200,000 students took the IB Programme exam
International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme is for students in the age group of 16 to 19 years.

Significance of Extended Essay

So how significantly does the extended essay assignment contribute towards the overall grade?

The extended essay is of critical importance for the following reasons:

It allows students to polish their skills for undergraduate and Masters’s level essay assignments.
They can independently explore the topic of their interest, which relates to one of the six modules of the IB Programme.
Students learn to conduct desk-based research to find appropriate and manageable topics.
They learn the basics of how to formulate research questions
They learn to develop an argument.
Successful completion of this assignment enhances their ability to analyse and assess information critically.

If you choose to undertake the extended essay in world studies, you will be required to conduct extensive interdisciplinary research on an issue of global significance.

Extended Essay Assessment Criteria

Extended essays are marked on a scale from 0 to 34 by external examines chosen by the IB itself. The score you will achieve in the assignment will relate to one of the following bands:

A – work of an excellent standard.
B- work of a good standard.
C – work of a satisfactory standard.
D- work of a mediocre standard.
E- work of an elementary standard.

Please click here to check how your grade in the extended essay assignment affects the overall diploma score. Here is the breakdown of EE scores (from the May 2019 bulletin)

How to Select a Topic for the Extended Essay?

Selecting an enjoyable and manageable topic for the extended essay is perhaps the most exciting yet challenging part of the whole process. In a nutshell, you will be required to research a topic in one of the six subjects you are undertaking for the IB Programme. The selection criteria are based on the analysis of an issue of global significance in a specific context. For example, you can investigate technological, environmental, medical, or cultural trends from the local perspective. Here are some tips for choosing the best extended essay topic:

It should neither be too broad nor too narrow.
Choose a topic you are passionate about.
Are there any global trends you are curious to explore and understand?

Choosing the topic can often be overwhelming. Think about the issues you enjoy the most, and more specifically, why you want to learn about them. This will help you develop many ideas that you can review, compare, and pick from. Note: The IBO approves the proposed topic.

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How to Formulate Research Questions for the Extended Essay?

Once the topic has been approved, you can proceed to formulate the research questions (s). A poorly planned research question can cause complications at a later stage, so make sure to take your time to develop a question that would genuinely add value to the existing literature.

The answer to the formulated research question should not be a simple yes or no. It should instead provide valuable information in a larger context. The research question should be focused and relevant to the title. If the research question includes a hypothesis, then there is no obligation on your part to provide it right or wrong. Your job is to test the hypothesis and reveal the facts only.

The question should not necessarily start with words like “Is”, “Will”, “Should”, “Why”, “How”, or “Does”. Merely asserting that “yes, this is correct”, or “no, this is not correct” is inappropriate.

The highest-scoring essays usually address a research question that starts with broader phrases such as, “An investigation of”, “Exploring the idea”, “An analysis of”, “To what extent”, “A review of”, or “Examining the role”. Or it could simply be a hypothesis statement that you aim to test.

If you set out to answer a research question without contemplating the resources required to address it, then you are making a fatal mistake. Whether the essay research is primary or secondary, we cannot understate the importance of a well-thought-out plan to gather relevant supporting academic sources.

However, in most cases, it is only possible to base your essay on secondary data because conducting primary research can involve time and money. But make sure to state your reasons for choosing one research method over another.

Finally, if you cannot find a sufficient number of sources for your research question, you can alter it with your supervisor’s help.

Choosing the Supervisor

Here are some suggestions on how to choose an advisor

If you are unsure about who you would like to work with, create a list of potential advisors.
The supervisor should be familiar with your topic.
Pick an advisor who would get the best out of you.
An advisor who is patient with you would not mind reviewing several drafts of your essay and providing feedback.
It would be best if you were comfortable discussing ideas with them.
The supervisor should know you well personally because their assessment will contribute towards your final EE score. A teacher who does not know you well may not assess you fairly.
Simply having your favourite teacher as an advisor may not be a good idea because they may not be familiar with the topic.
Check whether your school requires the advisor to sign a consent form and make the necessary arrangements.

Structure of an Extended Essay

The extended essay follows the standard essay structure , including the introduction , main body , and conclusion. However, always check with your supervisor about the structure you must follow to avoid complications later.

Your supervisor will provide the necessary guidance and advice to support you throughout the research and writing process.

The project includes up to three reflection rounds with the assigned supervisor, with the final round consisting of an interview, also known as the viva voce.

The extended essay and the reflection meetings provide a much-needed impetus, especially to those required to pass an interview assessment for a place at university and before acceptance for employment.

There are six required components of an extended essay structure:

The title page is where you state the research question you set out to address, the subject you are studying, your school name, your name, total word count of the essay, and category (for language essays).

Contents Page

This is where you must list the heading and the subheadings with corresponding page numbers. All pages should be numbered using the Microsoft page numbering feature.

Introduction

The extended essay’s introduction should provide a brief background to the research question, thesis statement , and the central argument presented in the essay.

This is where you present your arguments, evaluation, comparison, discussion, and analysis of the subject matter. This section’s structure varies according to the subject of the essay, but the supporting evidence should accompany every piece of information.

The conclusion section should relate to the thesis statement, the overall scope of the research, and the line of argument taken. It should also reflect any open questions, research limitations, and unexplained problems.

References and Bibliography

A list of academic sources used is provided in the required citation style at the end of the essay. The citation style you need to follow varies subject to subject, but make sure you consistently use it throughout the essay.

The deadline you Need to Meet

Your school will let you know the deadline for the extended essay assignment. Each school has a different official IB deadline. You will have a year to complete the essay, but unfortunately, most students leave their essay to the last week before the deadline.

Careful planning can help you complete the task promptly and avoid a last-minute crunch. Many students make the fatal mistake of giving too much time to research and reading and with very little time to write an essay .

Most schools set their deadlines for different project milestones to help students stay on schedule. Keep in regular contact with your advisor and management to ensure each section is completed in due time.

The viva voce Interview

The viva voice interview allows students to demonstrate the significance of the research results. More specifically, students can provide details of the challenges and the successes of their research during the interview.

For example, you could tell your supervisor about the problem you faced during the data collection process, the strategies you used to overcome them, and how the exercise helped improve your writing skills.

Free Extended Essay Topics

Here are some amazing topic ideas in various subjects that you can consider for your extended essay.

Biology Extended Essay Topics

Investigate the relationship between indole acetic acid, a growth hormone, and the growth of X (a crop).
To examine the relationship between the population size of X and population density between X.
How significantly do live cultures in dairy products such as milk, yoghurt, and cheese reduce the concentration of lactose present for a 2 hour incubation period at x °C?
Discuss the relationship between the production process of plants and the climate.
To examine the possibility of manufacturing flowers.
An investigation into the idea of planting healing a disease.
The impact of various drugs on the functioning of the human brain
Does the change of habitat affect the life of an organism?
Investigate the process of storing cow’s milk safely.
The relationship between the photoreceptor cells in the human retina and “the age and gender”.
Examining the growth of an X plant when the climate changes
Neadderthalian DNA in people who have European ancestors

Psychology Extended Essay Topics

Discuss the relationship between violent acts and viewing the violence shown on social media platforms.

Can drug therapy heal bipolar disorder?
Can General Anxiety Disorder be healed through meditation?
Examining the relationship between cognitive environment and social variables such as educational setting, poverty, culture, parenting, and more
How do our relationships evolve? Why causes a relationship to an end?
Investigate the effects of domestic violence on the human brain.
Discuss the causes of depression from a psychological perspective.
Different between female and male schizophrenia.
The relationship between General Anxiety Disorder and stress
The relationship between stress and bulimia medical condition
The relationship between obesity and our social media-oriented lifestyle
What causes suicide? How do suicidal behaviours develop over time?

English Extended Essay Topics

The importance of learning English literature in the modern world
Examine the importance of the literary function of the English language.
Explore the relationship between politics and social Darwinism.
Sexual and ethnic identity in the twenty-first century
The impact of the English language on any other language of your choice
Comparing English learning bend with other languages
The distinct patterns of the United States English phonetics.
Identifying the use of the Sanskrit language in English
Tracing the differences between British English and American English in a systematic way
Identify the English phrases and words embraced by other Hindi and Urdu languages during the British Raj
The influence of the French language on the evolution of the English language.

Literature Extended Essay Topics

Examine the significance of different Noble prize winners in the literature on the stylistic evolution.
An analysis of the controversy surrounding Bob Dylan’s Noble prize award
The Role of Emile Zola’s “J’accuse” in the Dreyfus Affair.
Analysing Jane Austen
Jame’s Baldwin’s illustration of Racism.
The evolution of an ideal woman in English literature
The traits of the Islamic religious text
Emma by Jane Austen and the importance of Dance
An investigation of Severus Snape’s character in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows and Harry Potter and the Chambers of Secret. What are the similarities and differences between J.K Rowling’s characterization of Severus in the two novels?
The evolution of the character of Bilbo Baggins from Lord of the Rings to the Hobbit Sequel

Economics extended essay topics

The impact of Covid-19 on the global airline industry
How Covid-19 has forced car manufacturers around the work to redesign its economic model
The growing importance of the role of India in the world economy
China’s plans to take over the world economy by 2050 – How valid is this statement?
The role of the road infrastructure in the development of a growing country such as Afghanistan
The relationship between an increase in exports and empowerment of the local farmers in an agricultural country like India
Tax handling in a world dominated by multinationals.
The impact of an ageing population on Japan’s economy
Offshore tax havens and the corruption of politicians. How can this trend be stopped?
The impact of Brexit on the UK’s economy. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages from the UK’s perspective.

Movie and Film Extended Essay Topics

The elements of social protest in Charlie Chaplin’s films
How modern have computer capabilities revolutionized conventional cinematography?
Avoiding the “soap opera” effect – why movies stay at 24 frames per second (including future predictions)
Moving camera – revolutionary ideas (for example, as depicted in the Matrix and the Tenet)
Correlation between IMDB marks and differing nationwide and film that is international
Metamorphosis of masculinity in our contemporary world as depicted in battle club
Kinds of timeline manipulation approach to paper writing service cinematography
Massively distorted scientist or systematic technique depiction in Sci-Fi films

History Extended Essay Topics

The rise of the Ottoman Empire – An analysis of the role of King Salman-II
How significant was the battle of Vienna in European history?
The implications of the British Raj on the Indian Subcontinent
Discuss the reasons that caused the Arabs to lose in six days against resurging Israel?
The treatment of women in India of the 1950s vs India of 2000s
The history behind the animosity between two nuclear-armed neighbours – India and Pakistan
An investigation of the events led to Hitler’s rise to power in Germany.
The simultaneous invasion of Poland by the USSR and Nazi Germany in the second world war
An examination of the pearl harbour attack from the Japanese perspective
What caused the abnormal expansion of the Islamic empire between the 8 th century and the 10 th

Geography Extended Essay Topics

The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) significance for Chinese economic domination
An analysis of the current climate change trends and their impact on our oceans
Discuss and evaluate the various strategies used to prevent power outages caused by solar storms.
India’s improving fertility rate’s relationship with women empowerment and improved women education environment
To what extent is biodiversity being managed in Regent’s Park in London.
The relationship between obesity risk and parameters such as educational environment, gender, genes, and social settings
Examine the affectivity of the environmental sustainability programme initiated by company X.
Compare a country with no access to the sea with the one that has access to it.
An analysis of the agricultural revolution impact on the world’s environment
Does geography influence the social relationships between people?

Mathematics and Physics Extended Essay Topics

General functions of the theory of partitions
General relativity and cosmology
Symmetries of plane tessellations
Egyptian forces in arithmetic
A review of the various methodological approaches employed by academic researchers
Why do planets move the way they do? What causes their circular motion?
An investigation into the string theory
How quantum physics has the potential to change the rules of science?
The basics of dynamics – forces and motion
Discuss the different types of forces, including magnetic force, quantum force, and physical
The quantum movement of particles
How much of an influence does the quantum slit experiment have on traditional Newtonian physics?
The nature and behaviour of light
The cosmic patterns of stars and planets
Gravitational waves – generation, propagation rules, detection on Earth?
Is there scientific proof of the existence of another intelligent species in the universe like humans?

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an extended essay.

The Extended Essay is a research-based academic project undertaken by International Baccalaureate (IB) students. It allows them to investigate a topic of interest in depth, develop critical thinking skills, and produce a 4000-word essay.

IB Extended Essay Topics: Geography

Choosing the right topic for your IB DP Geography extended essay can seem daunting. However, with a little guidance and insider knowledge, this task can transform from a formidable challenge into an exciting opportunity to showcase your passion for this subject. Today, I’m here to share some invaluable insights that can make your Geography extended essay stand out.

5. Consult with Your Supervisor

Understanding the geography extended essay.

First, let’s clarify what the Geography extended essay involves. This significant component of the IB DP curriculum offers a unique opportunity to conduct extensive research on a topic that sparks your interest within the broad and dynamic field. According to the general IB criteria, your essay should showcase extensive research and evidence of your capacity to connect coherent, well-founded arguments.

Significantly, ensuring that your chosen topic aligns with the IB Geography syllabus is crucial. It guarantees that your research remains relevant and adheres to the rigorous standards set by the International Baccalaureate Organization. Based on my experience and IB guidelines, here are key aspects that your Geography extended essay should cover:

Formulate a straightforward, focused research question that guides your investigation. The question should be specific, researchable, and grounded in geographical theory.
Use various research methods, including primary and secondary data collection. It could range from fieldwork and surveys to analyzing geographical data and reviewing relevant literature.
Analyze the collected data using appropriate geographical techniques. Depending on your topic, this might involve statistical analysis, mapping, or thematic analysis.
Develop a coherent argument that is directly related to your research question. Use the data and findings from your research to support your arguments and conclusions.
Reflect on the research process, including the successes and challenges you encountered. This reflection should demonstrate your growth as a researcher and your understanding of the geographical concepts and theories applied.

In addition, it’s essential to engage critically with your topic, offering not just descriptions but also insightful analyses and evaluations.

If you’re looking for inspiration, our guide on Geography IA topics offers a variety of research questions tailored to your needs.

How to Choose a Topic for a Geography Extended Essay?

Choosing a topic for your IB Geography extended essay can feel like standing at a crossroads, with numerous paths before you, each leading to its unique destination. Based on my experience and that of others, here’s a guide to help you with this crucial decision-making process.

1. Identify Your Interests

First and foremost, reflect on the aspects of geography that genuinely spark your curiosity. Is it the intricate dance between human societies and their environments, the raw power of natural processes, or the innovative strategies for sustainable development? Your topic should ignite your passion and sustain it throughout the research process. As I know from experience, choosing a topic close to your heart makes the extended essay more fulfilling.

2. Scope and Feasibility

Once you’ve determined your area of interest, the following step is to ensure your topic is doable. An ideal topic is like a focused beam of light: concentrated and strong. It should be limited enough to allow for in-depth study within the extended essay’s 4,000-word limit while being wide enough to guarantee you have adequate material and resources.

Conduct a preliminary investigation to determine the availability of data and resources. According to my experience, this phase is critical in avoiding the problem of selecting a topic that appears good on the surface but turns out to be excessively broad or data-poor.

3. Alignment with the IB Syllabus

Your topic should resonate with the themes and concepts outlined in the IB Geography syllabus. This alignment ensures that your essay is relevant and allows you to apply and extend the knowledge you’ve acquired during your course. Diп into the syllabus and identify areas that intersect with your interests. This process can spark ideas for an intriguing research question grounded in geographical theory and principles.

4. Originality and Perspective

Seek to add a unique twist or look at your topic from a fresh angle. The IB values originality and critical thinking, so consider bringing a new perspective to your chosen study area. It could involve comparing different geographical contexts, applying a new methodology to study a well-known issue, or researching an emerging trend. As I know, the most memorable essays often come from students who dare to look at traditional topics from a new perspective.

Your IB supervisor is an invaluable resource in the topic selection process. Share your ideas and get feedback on their viability and scope. Supervisors have a wealth of experience and can provide insights you might not have considered. Moreover, they can help refine your topic and research question to align with IB criteria and expectations.

IB DP Geography Extended Essay Topics

Here are topics and research questions that will inspire and challenge you to push your geographic understanding and analytical skills to new heights:

The Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs . How has climate change affected the Great Barrier Reef coral reef ecosystems over the past decade?
Urban Sprawl and Its Effects on Socioeconomic Dynamics . What are the socioeconomic impacts of urban sprawl on the outskirts of major European cities?
Sustainable Tourism Practices in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) . How do sustainable tourism practices impact SIDS’ economic and environmental sustainability?
The Influence of Globalization on Eating Habits in Urban Areas . To what extent has globalization influenced the diversity of eating habits in urban areas of Southeast Asia?
Renewable Energy Sources and Their Adoption in Rural Communities . What are the barriers to adopting renewable energy sources in rural African communities?
Deforestation and Its Effects on Biodiversity in the Amazon Rainforest . How does deforestation impact biodiversity in specific areas of the Amazon Rainforest?
The Effects of Population Density on Public Transportation Systems . How does population density influence the efficiency and sustainability of public transportation systems in megacities?
Water Scarcity and Conflict in the Middle East . How does water scarcity contribute to conflict in the Middle Eastern region?
Plastic Pollution in the World’s Oceans . What are the most effective strategies for mitigating plastic pollution in the Pacific Ocean?
The Role of Green Spaces in Urban Mental Health . How do urban green spaces contribute to mental health and well-being in densely populated areas?
The Economic Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture . What are the projected economic impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector in the Midwest United States by 2050?
Sea Level Rise and Its Impact on Coastal Communities . How are coastal communities in Bangladesh adapting to the impacts of sea level rise?
The Geography of Pandemics: COVID-19 as a Case Study . How did geographic factors influence the spread and impact of COVID-19 in different regions?
Glacier Retreat and Its Global Implications . What are the global implications of glacier retreat observed in the Himalayas?
The Impact of Social Media on Tourism Destinations . To what extent does social media influence European millennials’ choice of tourism destinations?
The Influence of Urban Green Roofs on Local Climates . To what extent do urban green roofs affect local temperature regulation in cities in Northern Europe?
Migration Patterns and Their Impact on Urban Infrastructure . How have recent migration patterns impacted urban infrastructure in major Canadian cities?
The Geopolitics of Water in the Nile Basin . What are the geopolitical implications of water resource management in the Nile Basin countries?
Land Use Changes and Their Effects on Local Ecosystems . How have land use changes affected the Amazon basin’s local ecosystems over the last twenty years?
The Role of Ecotourism in Conserving Biodiversity . Can ecotourism be considered an effective strategy for biodiversity conservation in Costa Rica?
Impact of Sea Ice Melt on Indigenous Communities . What are the socioeconomic impacts of sea ice melt on indigenous communities in the Arctic region?
Urbanization and Its Effects on Groundwater Quality . How does rapid urbanization affect groundwater quality in peri-urban areas of India?
The Economic Effects of Geographical Indications on Local Communities . What impact do geographical indications have on the economic development of local communities in France?
Natural Disasters and Urban Resilience Planning . How effective are urban resilience planning measures in mitigating the impact of earthquakes in Japan?
The Influence of Geographic Location on Renewable Energy Potential . How does geographic location influence the potential for solar energy development in sub-Saharan Africa?
Food Deserts and Their Impact on Public Health . How do food deserts impact public health in urban areas of the United States?
The Effects of Tourism on Coral Reef Health . To what extent does tourism contribute to the degradation of coral reef health in the Caribbean?
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Coastal Cities . What are the most effective climate change adaptation strategies for coastal cities facing rising sea levels?
The Impact of Smart Cities on Transportation Efficiency . How have smart city initiatives improved transportation efficiency in Singapore?
Waste Management Practices and Their Environmental Impact . What are the environmental impacts of different waste management practices in Germany?
The Impact of Agricultural Practices on Regional Climate . How do different agricultural practices affect regional climate patterns in the Midwest USA?
Gentrification and its Effects on Urban Culture . What are the cultural impacts of gentrification in the neighborhoods of East London?
Volcanic Activity and Tourism . How does volcanic activity influence tourism industries in Iceland?
Effects of Dams on River Ecosystems . What are the ecological impacts of dam construction on the river ecosystems in the Amazon Basin?
Urban Heat Islands and Public Health . How do urban heat islands affect public health in major cities like Tokyo?
Coastal Erosion and Property Values . How does coastal erosion impact property values along the Florida Gulf Coast?
The Geography of Internet Access . What are the geographical patterns of internet access disparity in rural versus urban areas of India?
Impact of Refugees on Host Communities . What are the geographical impacts of Syrian refugees on host communities in Germany?
Wildlife Corridors and Biodiversity . How effective are wildlife corridors in promoting biodiversity in the Rocky Mountains?
Desertification and Migration . How does desertification influence migration patterns in sub-Saharan Africa?
The Role of Geographical Indicators in Promoting Local Economies . How do geographical indicators affect the economic development of rural communities in France?
The Impact of High-Speed Rail on Regional Development . What has been the impact of high-speed rail systems on regional development in Spain?
Sustainable Water Management in Arid Regions . How do sustainable water management practices affect the livelihoods of communities in arid regions of Morocco?
The Geopolitics of Rare Earth Elements . How does the distribution of rare earth elements influence geopolitical relations in East Asia?
Urban Planning and Disaster Resilience . How do urban planning practices influence disaster resilience in earthquake-prone cities in Japan?
The Economic Geography of the Coffee Trade . What are the economic impacts of coffee trade on small-scale farmers in Colombia?
Cultural Landscapes and National Identity . How do cultural landscapes contribute to national identity in New Zealand?
The Impact of Climate Change on Alpine Ski Resorts . What are the long-term impacts of climate change on the viability of alpine ski resorts in Switzerland?
Green Urban Spaces and Environmental Justice . How do green urban spaces contribute to environmental justice in cities like Detroit?
The Changing Geography of the Global Wine Industry . How is climate change reshaping the global geography of the wine industry?
The Impact of Light Pollution on Urban Ecosystems . How does light pollution affect nocturnal wildlife in major metropolitan areas like New York City?
The Role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Disaster Management. How have Geographic Information Systems (GIS) been used to improve disaster response strategies during hurricanes on the Gulf Coast of the United States?
The Effect of Border Policies on Cross-Border Tribal Lands . How have recent border policy changes impacted traditional land use patterns of the Navajo Nation along the US-Mexico border?
The Geography of Cryptocurrency Mining . What are the geographical patterns and environmental impacts of cryptocurrency mining operations in China?
The Influence of Microclimates on Urban Agriculture . How do urban microclimates influence the success of rooftop gardens in cities like Chicago?

All these topics and questions are formulated to be broad enough to allow for in-depth, step-by-step research and analysis yet focused enough to be manageable within the scope of an extended essay.

Need Help with Your IB Extended Essay?

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In conclusion, choosing and developing a topic for your Geography extended essay is much easier than it might seem at first glance. By taking advantage of this opportunity, you have the power to add valuable perspectives to the world of Geography. Remember, researching is just as important as the essay itself, and if you need help with EE writing , just contact our experts. 😉

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Liliana Duman has a strong background in teaching English language, having graduated from Hacettepe University’s English Language Teaching Department in 2008. With over two decades of experience in the field, she has a wealth of knowledge and expertise to share with her students. In addition to her bachelor’s degree, Liliana holds a master’s in Teaching Turkish as a Second Language and has previously worked at Başkent and Hacettepe University in Ankara. Currently, she is an EFL instructor at Sakarya University, teaching various skills, including methodology, speaking, reading, writing, and listening. In addition to her teaching, Liliana has also contributed to material development and testing efforts. As well as her work as a teacher, Liliana is an experienced private online ToK essay tutor, providing personal help for both IB ToK students and teachers in all aspects of IB ToK essays and exhibitions. She is dedicated to helping her students succeed and achieve their full potential. In her spare time, Liliana also writes articles for buytokessay.com, sharing her expertise and insights on ToK with a wider audience.

IB Extended Essay Topics: Business and Management

IB Extended Essay Topics: Sports and Health Science

IB World Studies Extended Essay Ideas

IB Extended Essay Topics: Global Politics

IB English A Extended Essay Topics

English B Extended Essay Topics for IB Students

The IB Extended Essay: Topic ideas and research Questions

Details of the EE
Topic ideas and research Questions
Subject Guides & documents you need
Writing a research paper
Check the list of available subjects here
Read the IB's criteria for your subject
Read an exemplar essay in your subject
Decide on a topic within this subject
This means you will need to do some research!
During the first meeting with your advisor, discuss the research you've done, your ideas, and the requirements for your subject.
Your revised research question proposal is due May 16.

Adapted from O'Farrell, Finbar. Approach your assessment the IB Way: Extended Essay. pg. 13

Examples of marked EEs in all subjects

From the IB website Have a look at the specific subject you plan on writing your EE for a marked example. You will be able to identify what you need to be successful.

Design Technology

Guide on writing an EE in DT The pdf explains everything clearly and is full of ideas and topics to write about.

Question: Has the introduction of new materials improved the performance of modern racing bicycles?

Question: What are the most ethical and efficient methods--through current technologies--private organizations can use to make Mars habitable for Human life?

History or Geography

Question : In what ways did the Cold War impact American public education? Question: To what extent have Maori non-violent struggles for their land been effective? Question: How could the UN intervention in the Rwandan genocide be justified? Question :Is it politically possible for the US government to win the drugs war? (Politics)

Question: How are the depictions of Marie Antoinette in politics and portraiture significant to the French revolution and the fall of the French Monarchy?

Question: To what extent was film able to further pro-Nazi sentiment in Germany during the early 1930s to mid 1940s?

Question: To what extent were the Vietnam War and cultural shifts occurring in the 1960s and early 1970s vital factors in the development of the student activism on college campuses in the United States and abroad?

Question: To what extent was Matthew Perry’s 1853 arrival in Edo Bay the leading motivator for Japan’s rapid modernization during the Meiji Restoration?

Question: What made the Federal Theatre Project such a success when after only four years of operation it was disbanded by the House of un-American Activities Committee?

Question: To what extent were Kepler’s scientific discoveries revolutionary and how did they impact the development of science in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries?

Question: In what ways did the Hitler Youth organization impact the youth of Nazi Germany?

Question: How did the works of classical Greek philosophers influence the domestic policy of Thomas Jefferson?

Question: How did the Bushido Code influence the meaning of tattoos in Asian culture?

Question: In what way did the Catholic Church affect politics in the Kingdom of Spain during the Dark Ages?

Question: What are the impacts of melting ice in the North and South Poles on the coastlines of the continental United States?

English EEs - ideas for Language and Literature

The EE Guide says the following on p 112 (EE Guide 2018, revised Jan 2017) - remember EACH subject has their own EE guides too.

Quote The EE may relate to work students have already completed during the course, but they must also demonstrate relevant wider reading and individual study. It is the responsibility of the student to ensure that the topic of their EE does not overlap with any other work they are preparing for assessment in language A—for example, the written assignment in the literature course, or the written task in the language and literature course.

Question: How did Eugene Gladstone O'Neill express the themes of family relationship and sadness in his work Long Day's Journey Into Night?

Question: How does the writing of Japanese horror artist and novelist Junji Ito contrast with the writing of American horror novelist Stephen King?

Question: How do the final movies of the Harry Potter series compare to the final book? What has been changed or depicted differently in terms of characterization and storylines?

Sport Science

Question: How does age affect the process of instant muscle reaction?

Economics or ITGS

Question: What impact does public healthcare have on low income households in the United States compared to those in Canada?

Question: To what extent has deforestation influenced Indonesia's economic and environmental growth?

Physics, Chemistry or Biology Ideas

Question: How have climate change and forestry practices contributed to the spread of the mountain pine beetle in the Pacific Northwest in recent decades, and what does the outbreak show us about the ecological intricacies of climate change?

Question: What evidence is there to support the theory of life on Mars?

Question: How does the DNA sequence of a transthyretin (TTR) gene affect whether Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP), Familial Amyloidotic Cardiomyopathy (FAC) or Senile Systemic Amyloidosis (SSA) form?

Arts - Visual/Performing

Question : What female stereotypes did Brecht employ in his plays, and how can these be compared and contrasted in performance, based on an analysis of a selection of Brecht's plays? Question : Picasso: individual genius or cultural thief?

Question: How does Rachmaninoff apply thematic development in his composition, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini ?

Question: How do the Peanuts comics, written by Charles Schultz, show visual language?

Question: How did the casting of the leading lady in Cole Porter's Anything Goes affect each production on Broadway?

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Extended Essay

Hints and tips.

If you can, base your EE on a geographical model e.g. Bradshaw model. The examiners really want to see that your title is tightly related to the subject of Geography and models or a direct link to theorists will help this.

Show that your EE has a clear spatial element. A location map and saying where you are studying no longer seems good enough. You need to now say why you have chosen a particular area and why there may be differences within that area. If you can, then follow that up by using some sort of map to show your results would be great. Also, try and say why your particular issue e.g. crime, gun ownership or flooding is an important issue for geographers to study.

The examiners now seem to want you to try and incorporate some form of statistical analysis to show that you have collected enough data and can prove there is a correlation, especially if this is a primary data focused EE.

Useful Resources

Campus des Nations - EE Website

Campus des Nations - Reflective Project Website

Suggested Structure

While you will be given lots of help from the librarian and the EE coordinator the EE can still be daunting to start. Here are a few suggestions of how you could structure your EE - do be aware though that this is not the only way that you can do it.

Potential Structure

Use subheadings to divide up the different sections of your EE. Suggested subheadings:

1.0 - Introduction - Why is this an important issue to study? How does it fit in the context of the discipline(s) of 'Geography (and another)'. State your research question - 1 paragraph - this is short as you will expand on it in 1.1 and 1.2.

1.1 - The Global Context - Why is this an important issue on the global scale? It would be good to include evidence such as a graph to illustrate the importance. For example, increase in population and more migration has impacted the growth of urban areas, which has lead to increased pollution in cities, consider the graphs that would show this on a global scale. - 2 paragraphs

1.2 - Area of Research - geographical theory. What models can you use to put the focus of your EE into context? For example, rise of the middle classes, the nexus, land use models, climate change, etc.

1.3 - The Focus - Restate your rsearch question. Put your research question it in to context of why it is important at the local scale.

2.0 - Background

2.1 - Locational Context - What location are you focusing on? Why are you focusing on this area? Graphs and maps are useful here to help you to illustrate your points.

3.0 - Methodology - How are you collecting your information? Think of it like a recipe as the idea is someone could replicate your study in a different area. Why is this a valid way to undertake the research? Justify why you have chosen the methods behind your research or primary data collection. For the different websites or reports you are using how reliable are these sources? Remember this could be primary or secondary data EE.

4.0 - Discussion - As you do for a 10 or 16 mark EAQ you need to create an argument. So the inital part of your discussion will need to discuss to what extent your ascertain is correct and then you need to suggest other factors that may have impacted the results you have found. Use further subheadings to break up this section. You must include graphs and maps in this section. (Remember if you can't map or graph it it probably shouldn't be a Geography related EE.)

5.0 - Conclusion - Summarise your findings and relate it back to the global setting. How could this inform us of how to deal with the issue on a global scale?

6.0 - Bibliography - MLA format.

Formal Presentation

Size 11 or 12 font.

Double spaced

Font - Times New Roman/ Lato/ Tahoma

Create a header and write the subject (Geography) and your candidate code on the right.

Insert page numbers on every page.

Front Cover needs to include:

The Subject

The Research Title

The Research Question

Your Candidate Code

Include a contents page.

Footnotes for intext citations.

Bibliography for all our sources including any images, maps or graphs that you are using - do this as you write your essay as it is hard to go back and refind all of your sources. MLA format.

Reflections

Reflections - The first and second reflection should be no more than 150 words and they need to show how you are engaging with the EE e.g. things that you have learnt, evolved or been encouraged to read from the initial investigations.

How to Reflect From the IBO

Extended Essay Writing Reflections - A how to with examples including sentence starters.

JK Geography - Extended Essay Help

Geography - Checklist

Examples of Geography Extended Essays

It sometimes difficult to know where to start when it comes to the EEs. It is always good to have a look at what the style and structure of an EE is like for our subject. Click on the link below for IBO assessed Geography EEs.

Useful Resource

Geography EEs - Recommend read example B - 32/34

How to Write a Conclusion for Your IB Extended Essay? Tips and Tricks

Wrapping up your IB Extended Essay isn’t just about slapping on a last paragraph; it’s your final chance to flex the importance of your research. From my time grinding through IB writing, I’ve learned that a solid conclusion can change how the assessors view your work, wrapping up your argument and locking your points.

In this post, I will drop some solid tips and insights for nailing that EE conclusion. These hacks have helped many IB students finish their essays like pros.

Why the Effective Extended Essay Conclusion Matters?

The Extended Essay conclusion isn’t just about recapping; the last bit brings it all together. From what I’ve seen, a solid conclusion is like the glue that holds your EE body together, keeping the reader locked in on your research and points.

A dope Extended Essay conclusion doesn’t just sum up your paper but also hits them with the realness of your work’s worth. This is your final shot at convincing examiners why your argument is a big deal, ensuring readers get your main points and why they matter.

The conclusion isn’t just a final bow — it’s super important because it backs up the paper’s purpose. So, when wrapping up your IB essay, ensure your conclusion connects with the main themes. It’s all about giving your work that complete and balanced feel, you know?

In addition to discussing your key points, the conclusion should return to the research question. Consider it the last answer that backs up everything you’ve said in the essay’s introduction and body. Here are a few essential reasons why this part is so important:

When you restate your thesis in the conclusion, you remind the reader of your essay and draw their attention back to your main point.
By summarizing your research results, you help the reader remember the most important parts of your study.
A firm conclusion that stresses the relevance of your research question makes it clear why your work is essential.
The conclusion is an excellent way to end the essay because it ties up any open ends and answers all the questions raised.

I’ve seen that readers may feel something is missing if the conclusion doesn’t directly answer the research question. They need that one clear answer showing the essay has done what it was supposed to.

What Are the Elements of a Strong Extended Essay Conclusion?

Wrapping up your paper isn’t just about rehashing what you said; you must bring it home with some flair. A solid conclusion hits differently, making your essay’s idea stick with the reader and showing why it matters.

From what I’ve seen, there are three must-haves for a killer conclusion: hitting the thesis again, wrapping up the main points, and tackling the research question straight on. Every piece resonates to make your conclusion super solid and engaging.

How to write an conclusion for Your IB Extended Essay?

Your Thesis

Don’t just regurgitate your thesis, fam. Flip it around in a way that shows off your essay’s real depth and insight. This low-key restatement can be one of the best parts of a conclusion. It reminds readers quickly of your Extended Essay and shows how your work tackles the research question.

However, this isn’t just about copying your original thesis statement — it’s all about flipping it around so it sounds conclusive and definitive.

Key Findings

You must keep your reader interested by summarizing your main points. Instead of repeatedly reviewing each point, your outline should focus on the most important ideas that support your argument. You can use this to show how vital your main points are. This method makes your point more precise and helps people remember the point of the Extended Essay.

You might want to use a short list to organize your summary and make it easier to understand. Here’s an easy way to put your main points together:

The main point . Start by drawing attention to the main point you made throughout the essay.
Supporting proof . List the most critical evidence or cases supporting your main points.
Implications of findings . At the end of the report, think about what your results mean for the research question.

This organized method makes it easy for the reader to remember the most important parts of your work, which leaves them with a strong image of your analysis.

Research Question

In my experience, it’s important to directly answer the research question in the conclusion so that the paper feels complete. In this part, you should show that your essay has a clear, meaningful ending that doesn’t confuse the reader.

IB guidelines say that a reasonable conclusion should give a clear answer to the research question, which brings the whole essay full circle. Ensure your answer fits the proof and points you’ve already discussed. It will help your essay end in a way that makes sense.

How Long Should Your EE Conclusion Be?

The conclusion of your Extended Essay must be short but thorough enough to support your key points without being too long for the reader. I’ve found that a reasonable EE conclusion takes up about 5 to 10 percent of the whole paper. Your conclusion should be between 200 and 400 words for the IB Extended Essay with a strict word cap of 4,000 words.

Why is this length the way it is? If your conclusion is too short, it might feel unfinished, and you might miss the chance to connect all of your ideas fully. On the other hand, a conclusion that is too long could weaken the significance of your main points and confuse readers with too much information. Use this as a guide to keep your conclusion on track:

Rephrase your thesis briefly, stressing its importance (1-2 sentences).
Briefly summarize the main points (3-5 sentences).
Directly answer the research question in a way that wraps up the essay’s main point (2–3 sentences).
If there is room, discuss any broader effects or thoughts on the subject (1-2 sentences).

From my point of view, sticking to these elements within the word limit will ensure that your conclusion is firm and to the point, leaving an effect without staying too long. Remember that quality is more important than number. A short, solid conclusion is better than a long, vague one.

How to Write an Extended Essay Conclusion?

The last chance to show how important your research is and to strengthen your main points is to write an interesting conclusion for your Extended Essay. If you follow these steps, your conclusion will successfully sum up your research and significantly impact your reader.

Step 1. Restate Your Thesis

Wrap up your conclusion by freshly rephrasing your main point. Don’t just copy-paste your thesis. Switch it up and show off how deep your data analysis goes. From my point of view, this backs up your essay’s vibe and gives the reader a solid reminder of your main argument.

Step 2. Summarize Key Points

Next, hit me with a quick rundown of your main findings. Keep it accurate and stick to the main points that back up your thesis; no need to go overboard with the details. Consider this a chill recap that vibes with the main points of your essay.

From what I’ve seen, this summary should be short, just a couple of sentences to jog the reader’s memory on the main points without going overboard.

Step 3. Address the Research Question

Wrapping up your paper means you gotta hit that research question straight on, no beating around the bush. This method connects your essay to its vibe, proving that your argument nails the question.

So, when you wrap up your essay, it gives off the vibe of being complete, making sure the reader knows you nailed it and hit your research methods and goals.

Step 4. Reflect on the Broader Implications

If your topic has some dope connections, consider how your findings relate to bigger stuff or real-life situations. This can level up your conclusion, making it more impactful.

Keep this reflection short and ensure it vibes with your research question to avoid interrupting the essay’s flow.

Step 5. Keep It Concise

Lastly, make sure your conclusion is short and well-written. Try to write a clear, well-organized text that doesn’t add new ideas or extraneous information.

From my experience, a well-edited conclusion is one of the best ways to make a good impact because it shows that you took the time to make your case clear and professional.

Want to make your work stand out? Check out this guide to interdisciplinary topics in Extended Essays for unique ideas across multiple disciplines.

Don’t let the stress of the IB curriculum hold you back.

Are you having trouble coming up with topic suggestions for your IB Extended Essay? Or do you need help with Internal Assessment?

Our experienced writers can help you choose the perfect topic and assist you with any assignment.

You can order an Extended Essay tailored to your specific subject and requirements.

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What Are the Tips for a Good EE Conclusion?

Following a few smart strategies from our IB writing service will make your conclusion powerful and stick with people. Here are some helpful EE conclusion tips to help you finish your essay well.

Use Concise and Precise Language

One problem that many people have is using too many words, especially when describing complicated ideas. This is why precise, simple wording is so important. From what I’ve seen, using simple language to explain your points can make your case more robust and more accessible for people to understand. Focus on making each point as straightforward as possible instead of using long words or complicated terms.

Edit and Proofread Your Conclusion

One of the most essential EE conclusion tips is carefully editing and reviewing your work. A well-thought-out conclusion can distinguish between an essay that looks well-written and one that seems like it was written quickly. Here is a list to help you with your last few changes:

Ensure the tone and words of the conclusion are the same as those in the essay’s body.
Look for flow and changes. Using transition words between sentences will help the conclusion feel more like a whole instead of several separate points.
Fix your grammar and spelling. Even small mistakes can distract readers and make you look less professional, so check again for typos.
Reading the conclusion out loud can help you find an odd language or words used more than once.

From my point of view, carefully editing your conclusion will ensure it is clean and powerful, giving your readers a clear, strong image of your essay. This last review may seem like a small step, but it can improve your conclusion.

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IB DP Geography Extended Essay
Geography Extended Essay Topics: 30+ Ideas to Get You Started
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💣 Ib geography extended essay examples. Extended Essay in Geography
IB Geography Extended Essay Topics

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COMMENTS

Geography Extended Essay Topics: 30+ Ideas to Get You Started
30+ Best IB Geography Extended Essay Topics . To help make the topic selection process easier, we've put together a list of 30+ IB Geography Extended Essay topics for inspiration. Check them out below. How much does the risk of arsenic poisoning diminish when one moves away from certain Bangladeshi river routes and irrigated areas?
IB Geography EE examples
EE Geography B. "To what extent can ecotourism at the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve, Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam be considered successful?". EE Geography B. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of High-Risk Dengue Clusters in Bedok and Jurong Areas of Singapore. EE Geography A. Fast track your coursework with mark schemes moderated by IB examiners.
IB DP Geography Extended Essay Topics: The Best Ideas
The best topics allow for deep analytical thinking. Look for areas where you can apply geographical theories and concepts to real-world scenarios. In light of these considerations, choosing the perfect topic becomes integral to the extended essay-writing process. It requires careful thought, creativity, and strategic planning.
Geography EE Topic ideas + examples
Geography EE ideas. Mitigation strategies for global climate change: If you decide to pursue this topic, you could analyse how air pollution from the transportation sector decreased. This extended essay assesses the impact of mitigation strategies on air pollution and climate change in Paris, France.
IB Geography Extended Essay Topics
Biology Extended Essay Topics and RQs for IBDP. Whether you're fascinated by the intricate workings of ecosystems or intrigued by the complexities of cellular processes, this article offers a diverse range of IB Biology extended essay topics collected by expert academic writers to suit your interests. 100+ IB extended essay topic ideas for your ...
100 IB Extended Essay Topic Ideas!
An analysis of body modification in relation to social and cultural anthropology. 100. Chaste systems and social ranks in societies. There are so many class subjects that can form the basis of your extended essay, including these popular six subjects: - Information technology. - Computer science. - Health science.
Geography Extended Essay Topics
An extended essay in Geography is a research paper written as a requirement for the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme.It is an independent, self-directed piece of research, finishing with a 4,000-word paper. The essay should focus on a specific topic within the field of geography, such as a geographical issue, phenomenon, or concept.
IB Geography Extended Essays
List of IB Geography EE Topics. ... Bringing our exploration of Geography Extended Essay topics to a close, I trust these suggestions have sparked your intellectual curiosity and geographic imagination. The journey of composing a Geography Extended Essay is a rich tapestry of detailed research, critical spatial analysis, and thoughtful ...
Geography Extended Essay: Definition, Rubric, And Topics for IB
The cornerstone of a successful geography extended essay is a robust technique that includes the collecting of high-quality facts. Good data allows the IB learner to conduct the sort of in-depth examination that distinguishes the finest works. It's unlikely that an essay relying solely on published textbooks will receive a high grade.
The Complete IB Extended Essay Guide: Examples, Topics, Ideas
Body of the essay. Conclusion. References and bibliography. Additionally, your research topic must fall into one of the six approved DP categories, or IB subject groups, which are as follows: Group 1: Studies in Language and Literature. Group 2: Language Acquisition. Group 3: Individuals and Societies. Group 4: Sciences.
Extended essay
The extended essay is an independent, self-directed piece of research, finishing with a 4,000-word paper. One component of the International Baccalaureate® (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) core, the extended essay is mandatory for all students. Read about the extended essay in greater detail. You can also read about how the IB sets deadlines for ...
John R. Lewis Library: 2016-2025 IB Extended Essay: Sample IB EE's
2016-2025 IB Extended Essay: Sample IB EE's. Home; Workshops Toggle Dropdown. Workshop 1: Getting started ; ... Geography. I have an exemplar but the file is too big to upload. ... If you are interested in this topic I can share the essay with you. Geography 2. History. History EE (2018 new rubric) History 1.
How o Write a Geography Extended Essay? An IB Tutor's Insights
IB Geography Extended Essay: Specifics and Assessment Criteria. The golden number for the extended essay is 4,000 words. It's a strict maximum, and it's crucial to adhere to it. The 4,000-word limit does not include the abstract, footnotes and endnotes, bibliography or works cited, or appendices. Maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, annotated ...
The Complete Extended Essay Guide
Extended Essay Facts. The length of the essay should not be more than 4,000 words. The project is expected to be completed over a period of one year. Significance of the extended essay. In 2019 - approximately 200,000 students took the IB Programme exam. International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme is for students in the age group of 16 to ...
Examples
These highlight the diverse range of topics covered by International Baccalaureate® (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) students during their extended essays. Some examples are: "An analysis of costume as a source for understanding the inner life of the character". "A study of malnourished children in Indonesia and the extent of their recovery ...
Top Geography Extended Essay Topics for IB Students
Choosing a topic for your IB Geography extended essay can feel like standing at a crossroads, with numerous paths before you, each leading to its unique destination. Based on my experience and that of others, here's a guide to help you with this crucial decision-making process. 1. Identify Your Interests
The IB Extended Essay: Topic ideas and research Questions
During the first meeting with your advisor, discuss the research you've done, your ideas, and the requirements for your subject. Decide on the most suitable research question. Your revised research question proposal is due May 16. Adapted from O'Farrell, Finbar. Approach your assessment the IB Way: Extended Essay. pg. 13.
Extended Essay in Geography
The extended essay is a piece of independent research on a topic chosen by the student in consultation with a supervisor in the school. It is presented as a formal piece of sustained academic writing containing no more than 4,000 words accompanied by a reflection form of no more than 500 words. It is the result of approximately 40 hours of work ...
Extended Essay
1.0 - Introduction - Why is this an important issue to study? How does it fit in the context of the discipline (s) of 'Geography (and another)'. State your research question - 1 paragraph - this is short as you will expand on it in 1.1 and 1.2. 1.1 - The Global Context - Why is this an important issue on the global scale?
Extended Essay resources
The International Baccalaureate® (IB) provides several resources for IB World Schools. These include support materials for the extended essay. Items in the IB store are available to everyone. Publications include: 50 more extended essays, a DVD of essays submitted in the DP that all fulfil the requirements for an 'A' grade in the current ...
How to Write an IB Extended Essay Conclusion: Tips & Tricks
To make an impact on your readers and IB assessors, you need to write a strong conclusion for your IB Extended Essay. As an experienced IB writer, I think that a good conclusion does more than just recap your research. It strengthens your thesis, answers your research question directly, and wraps up your points well.
IB Course Descriptions
Theory of Knowledge, along with CAS and the Extended Essay, serves as a component of the core of the IB Diploma Program. ... relating today's events. The course investigates what civilizations are and how they might be evaluated. Topics include how geography shapes culture, how technology affects societies, how groups have faced and resolved ...

IB Geography Extended Essay Topics

Transportation Geography

Rural Geography

Health Geography

Political Geography

Tourism Geography

Disaster Management and Resilience

Water Resources

List of IB Geography EE Topics and RQs

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IB Geography Extended Essays

List of IB Geography EE Topics

1. Human Geography

2. Physical Geography

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4. Economic Geography

5. Geopolitical Issues

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What’s Geography Extended Essay?

Choosing a Geography Extended Essay Topic

1. Pick a Narrow, Focused Topic

2. Base Your Topic on Local Research

3. Choose a Topic that Encourages Original Research

How to Treat Your Geography EE Topic

Supporting Your Geography Extended Essay

IB Geography Extended Essay Assessment Criteria Explained

Criterion A: Research Question

Criterion B: Introduction

Criterion C: Investigation

Criterion D: Knowledge of the Topic

Criterion E: Reasoned Argument

Criterion F: Application Analysis & Skill Evaluation

Criterion G: Language Selection

Criterion H: Conclusion

Criterion I: Formal Presentation

Criterion J: Abstract

Criterion K: Holistic Judgement

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