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Farmers have died waiting: Malacañang reviews DAR’s flip flop on conversion of irrigated farmland

Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism

Enduring the current — a photo essay

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BY BERNADETTE UY

Inclusive development has always been the outcry of the Filipino people but these calls usually fall onto the deaf ears of the government. Uy’s photo essay features Eduardo, a fisherman in Manila Bay, whose livelihood is just one of those that are in danger as the development plan in the bay is being pushed for implementation.

Early in the morning, the coastal community of Navotas is abuzz with small fishing boats unloading their catch. But Eduardo Dabandan, 49, lugs behind him several slabs of polystyrene foam held together by wooden sticks. For the past 10 years, this contraption has served as his main source of livelihood.

Eduardo grew up in Daram, Samar Province foraging for seashells. When he became a teenager, he went with older fisherfolk to the sea. He moved with his family to Navotas in 1997 and stayed there until 2010, when they were relocated to San Jose Del Monte in Bulacan after a fire razed their house.

Like a fish taken out of water, Eduardo found few opportunities for him in Bulacan. He offered his services as a sweeper at the relocation office. At first, the family was able to make ends meet with his P200 weekly salary. After a month, he realized it was not enough and opted to move back to Navotas to resume fishing.

Whatever money he saved, he sent to his family in Bulacan to pay for their house and other needs. His wife Maricris Dela Cruz, 45, and one of his sons later followed him to Navotas to help him earn money, while four other children stayed in Bulacan.

“Ayokong mawala yung bahay namin sa Bulacan, sayang naman. Para sa mga anak ko iyon, kaya heto tiis muna dito, nakakauwi na lang kami kapag may sobrang perang pamasahe (I don’t want to lose our home in Bulacan. It’s for my children, that’s why we persevere. We go home when there’s extra money for the fare),” Eduardo said.

He’s worried about the children, knowing that it’s different without parents around them.

When he got back to fishing in Navotas, Eduardo found a sidewalk where he could hang a hammock to rest on. Later, he and Maricris built a makeshift structure that became their temporary home. He’s worried they would be asked to move again to Bulacan with the implementation of the Manila Bay Sustainable Development Master Plan (MBSDMP), which involves reclamation. Their shack is just meters away from a backhoe being used for a reclamation project on the coast.

Eduardo is among the many fisherfolk relying on Manila Bay for their day-to-day subsistence, struggling amid the blooming commercial developments around them.

They are almost invisible to the rest of Metro Manila, whose collective memory of Manila Bay usually includes the scenic sunset, people strolling or jogging on the bay walk, and sailing boats at the yacht club. This is just a portion of the key harbor that spans eight provinces. Manila Bay is a strategic location for trade, livelihood, and other non-formal economic activities.

In 2017, the National Economic and Development Authority released the Manila Bay master plan and identified projects, programs and activities for the rehabilitation and development of the bay.

It has four “pillars”: Intercoastal Zone Management Framework, Priority Measures, Enabling Environments, and Optimizing Stakeholder Engagement. According to Rex Victor Cruz, leader of the team of experts in the Manila Bay Task Force, the master plan will fail without any one of the four pillars.

Cruz however clarified that the MBSDMP was not a “complete” plan. It provides guidance to local government units, national government agencies, and other stakeholders in charge of its implementation.

Devralin Lagos, a community worker who attended two meetings to craft strategies for the master plan in 2018, said fisherfolk needed to be consulted as their livelihoods would be affected by reclamation and other projects at Manila Bay.

“Based on my experience in Cavite and Bulacan, people are unaware of the master plan,” Lagos said. “[They should be consulted] if the project really aspires to reflect the concerns of stakeholders, not only of the development designers and government.”

Cruz said the master plan was not set in stone and could still be revised in three to five years. The Manila Bay Task Force is working on three scoping studies focused on liquid and solid waste management and preventing flooding. 

Eduardo is hopeful after buying a new outrigger that finally replaced his makeshift boat. The money came from life savings. For him and other fisherfolk in Navotas, every day is a challenge to protect and sustain their livelihoods. Rather than sink them, the master plan, Eduardo said, should help keep them afloat.

Navotas City’s coastal villages are part of the Manila Bay Sustainable Development Master Plan. Some 4,000 households depend on fishing.

Eduardo Dabandan, 49, has lived in Navotas since 1997, but had to relocate to Bulacan after a fire that razed their house in 2010. The lack of livelihood for fisherfolk in Bulacan forced him to return to Navotas. For more than a decade, Eduardo has used a makeshift boat made of polystyrene foam and sticks for fishing. It does not provide any kind of protection, but Eduardo knows how to swim and observe the environment and weather before going to the sea. 

Eduardo carries his makeshift boat as he goes out fishing with his new outrigger. Eduardo and his son Edwin will have to travel more than 30 minutes to reach their fishing spot, where they will stay overnight hoping to catch enough fish to eat and to sell. Pollution and competition with bigger vessels have made it harder to catch fish in recent years.

After 10 years of saving money, Eduardo has bought a new boat, named after his youngest son “Marby.” The maiden voyage of “Marby” the boat brings a subtle smile to Eddie’s eyes. Eddie is proud to have made both ends meet and save enough to buy a new outrigger.

Eduardo earns between P300 to P500 daily from his catch, but on a bad day, this could go down to zero. His wife Maricris Dela Cruz makes sure there’s enough money to buy food, while saving whatever they can to send to their children in Bulacan. If anything, they do not have to worry about their daily meals, because they can get what they need from the sea.

Eduardo and his family eat lunch inside their makeshift tent. In between cooking and preparing for his fishing trip later that day, what worries him is how his four children in Bulacan are coping without their parents. He smiles as he recalls how happy they were during meal time.

A backhoe used for reclamation sits idle on top of dirt. In this area alone, there are 10 families taking shelter in makeshift tents, all of them fisherfolk who depend on the sea for daily subsistence. Some families staying here are also from the relocation site in Bulacan like Eduardo’s. What they earned at the relocation site was not enough to make ends meet.

People forage for shellfish as water gets shallow during low tide along the coast of Barangay Tangos South in Navotas City. In the background, a backhoe is parked on a reclamation site. People there have been told they would need to relocate soon to give way to the development of the coast.

Fisherfolk gather krill as the sun sets. Others harvest what they can as they expect lean days ahead. According to a longtime resident, thousands of birds may be quite a sight, but is actually a bad omen to fisherfolk. The presence of these birds signifies that there will be no fish for the next couple of days. Birds flock near the shore to eat krill and fish that have surfaced because of pollution.

This story is one of the twelve photo essays produced under the Capturing Human Rights fellowship program, a seminar and mentoring project

organized by the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism and the Photojournalists’ Center of the Philippines. 

Check the other photo essays here.

Larry Monserate Piojo – “Terminal: The constant agony of commuting amid the pandemic”

Orange Omengan – “Filipinos face the mental toll of the Covid-19 pandemic”

Lauren Alimondo – “In loving memory”

Gerimara Manuel – “Pinagtatagpi-tagpi: Mother, daughter struggle between making a living and modular learning”

Pau Villanueva – “Hinubog ng panata: The vanishing spiritual traditions of Aetas of Capas, Tarlac”

Bernice Beltran – “Women’s ‘invisible work'”

Dada Grifon – “From the cause”

Bernadette Uy – “Enduring the current”

Mark Saludes – “Mission in peril”

EC Toledo – “From sea to shelf: The story before a can is sealed”

Ria Torrente – “HIV positive mother struggles through the Covid-19 pandemic”

Sharlene Festin – “Paradise lost”

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Katangian Ng Larawang Sanaysay – Kahulugan At Halimbawa Nito

Ano ang mga katangian ng larawang sanaysay (sagot).

LARAWANG SANAYSAY – Sa paksang ito, ating aalamin kung ano nga ba ang mga katangian ng isang larawang sanaysay at ang mga halimbawa nito.

Maraming halimbawa ng sanaysay. Depende sa iyong mga talento, estilo ng pagsulat, o pagpapahayay, may iba’t-ibang uri ng sanaysay na maaari mong gamitin. Isa sa mga halimbawa nito ay ang larawang sanaysay.

Ang mga larawang sanaysay ay matatawag rin na photo essay sa Ingles. Ito ay isang pagsasama na sining ng potograpiya at wika. Ang mga ito ay grupo ng mga laraway na isinasaayos ng magkakasunod para maipakita ang pangyayari, damdamin, o konsepto ng paksang tinatalakay.

Ito’y isang halimbawa ng sining na nagpapakita ng emosyong gamit ang  paghahanay ng mga larawan . Lahat ng mga larawan ay may maiikling o deskripsyon. Samantala ang  picture story  ay nakaayos ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayari upang magsalaysay o magkwento.

Heto ang mga katangian:

• Malinaw na Paksa
• Orihinalidad
• Lohikal na Estruktura
• Komposisyon
• Mahusay na Paggamit ng Wika

Salamat sa inyong maiiging pagbabasa. Aming sinisiguro ang pagserbisyo ng bago at pinaka-tinatangkilik na balita. Hanggang sa susunod na mga bagong balita mula dito lamang sa Philnews.

BASAHIN DIN: Paano Ginagamit Ang Modal Sa Mga Pangungusap? (Sagot)

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The Filipino Community of Santa Clara County

Our Story in Pictures: The Filipino Community of Santa Clara County's Journey to Make a Difference

Moments of hope: our journey in photos.

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        © 2024 The Filipino Community of Santa Clara County.- Registered 501(c)(7) social club, non-profit organization.   All Rights Reserved.

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Looking Back: Filipino Americans in Santa Clara Valley

You’ll Never See Me Again

“… There were the four of us walking along the dirt road in April of 1924, from Barangay Pañgada to Vigan , the capital of the Province of Ilocos Sur [Philippines]. I was carrying a little bag of clothes and 180 pesos in my pocket…The 180 pesos was the money I was given to start my life in Hawai’i as a contract laborer in the plantations…I was seventeen years old and didn’t know anything about leaving home…My father said he would let me go, but my mother didn't want to and cried when she first found out, ‘If you go, you'll never see me again!’  She was right; I never saw them again after that day in Vigan, when I got on the truck with the other young Ilocano boys for the ride to Manila. …”  Sergio Ragsac

Glittering Streets of Gold

In the 1920s, young Pinoy (Filipino) men began emigrating to Hawaii and the mainland, drawn by offers from plantation owners and the promise of education and employment. Most of the early arrivals to the mainland were students, such as those who formed the Filipino Club at San Jose State Teachers College in 1923. They had an advantage over their Chinese and Japanese predecessors in that they were U.S. nationals (the Philippines was a U.S. territory ), and no passports were needed.  But like their Asian counterparts, they found themselves subject to prejudice, intolerance, and hardship. When work was found, it was for low-paying, menial positions such as farm workers, houseboys, bellboys, and kitchen helpers. One early immigrant to the Valley, Jacinto Siquig, reflected, “…I couldn’t make a go of it…Every book I’d read said gold was glittering on the streets, but when I got here…[he laughs]”

Farm Workers

The first generation, also known as the Manong generation , often found work on farms along the Pacific Coast.  As agricultural work was seasonal, many would follow the crops up and down the coast. Many Filipinos were drawn to the Santa Clara Valley, though their numbers were concentrated in Stockton, especially in the Spring for the cultivation of asparagus. In 1920, the U.S. census counted forty-five Filipinos in Santa Clara County. By 1930, this number had grown to 857. In 1940, Stockton had the largest Filipino population outside of the Philippines, with over 10,000 during harvest season, while the number in the state at the time was over 30,000.  There were few women in the first wave of immigrants. It wasn’t until the second wave after WWII that more women and families were able to immigrate. A third wave began in the late 1960s.

Like the early Japanese immigrants that preceded them, Filipino immigrants were drawn to San Jose’s Heinlenville Chinatown . By the early 1930s, a number of Filipino businesses and organizations began appearing within this growing Asian community, primarily along North Sixth Street between Jackson and Taylor Streets. The Filipino community was particularly active in this area during WWII, though even with the loss of many businesses on the east side of the street, three properties were joined and remain in the hands of the Filipino community to this day. Efforts to preserve the history of the Filipino enclave in this area has resulted in the coining of the term Pinoytown by local historian Robert Ragsac . The Filipino community’s presence is also represented with the Jacinto “Tony” Siquig Northside Community Center and the adjacent Mabuhay Court senior housing.

Exhibit and Special Event: Pinoytown Rising: Filipino Americans in Santa Clara Valley

Further reading from the california room:.

• Pinoy: The First Wave by Dr. Roberto V. Vallangca
• Pinoytown Virtual Tour
• San Jose Japantown: A Journey by Curt Fukuda and Ralph M. Pearce
• Filipino Americans: Forever Our Legacy FANHS
• Video: Pinky Reintar on the Filipino Boarding House and Dimas Alang Hall in San Jose
• Video: Pantoc Association Meeting, Filipino Community Center, San Jose

More by Ralph Pearce

Looking Back: Our Santa Clara County Fairgrounds

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Looking Back: Take Me Out to the Ball Game!

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Pinoytown Rising: Filipino Americans in Santa Clara Valley

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By Rick Tejada-Flores

Cesario Estrada Chavez, the most important Latino leader in U.S. history, was born in Yuma, Arizona on March 31, 1927 to Librado Chavez and Juana Chavez. He was the second of 5 children.