art gallery essay

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General Advice For Composing An Essay About An Art Gallery

Teachers often ask students to write descriptive essays to improve their writing skills. Sometimes, they give students the opportunity to select any topics, but most frequently they provide students with exact subjects to write about. If you’re instructed to compose a descriptive paper about an art gallery, you may follow the tips below to complete your assignment successfully.

Steps to Take to Write an Impressive Paper

• Choose a specific gallery.

It’s advisable to write about a real gallery rather than about an imaginary place. This will allow you to create better descriptions and make your text more interesting for a person to read. You may pick a gallery from your hometown.

• Visit the gallery.

If you’ve never been to the gallery that you’re going to write about, you should visit it before you start writing. If you’ve seen the subject of your description essay for real, it’ll be much easier for you to succeed with your assignment.

• Write a thesis statement.

A thesis is a sentence that determines the purpose of a paper. It’s advisable to compose it before you start writing the actual paper because all your body paragraphs should be directly connected to your thesis statement.

• Outline your paper.

To structure your text properly, it’s advisable to plan its contents in advance. Divide your work into three main parts: an introduction, body, and conclusion. Then, you should indicate what you want to include in each part.

• Write your introduction.

In the first paragraph, you should present the subject of your description and explain why you decided to write about this particular gallery. The introduction should end with a clear thesis statement.

• Write your body paragraphs.

This is the part where you provide actual descriptions. Make sure to describe not only what you saw but also what you heard, sensed, and touched during your visit to the gallery. Try to describe everything gradually so that the reader understands your text clearly.

• Write your conclusion.

Here, you should summarize your points and write about the general impression that you’ve got from visiting the gallery. Indicate the importance of keeping art galleries and attending them once in a while.

Final Steps to Take

After the main work has been done, you should proofread your essay to make sure that there are no mistakes and format it in accordance with the requirements stated in your assignment guidelines. Make sure to complete your task and submit your paper in time to earn the highest score. Services that provide cheap term papers can help you a lot with that.

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Art Critique Examples & Essay Writing Guide

Art is an integral part of the human experience, as it inspires and helps us develop a sense of beauty. It can catch you off guard during a visit to an art gallery or on a forest walk in the autumn. Even such a mundane thing as a sunset can invoke expressive feelings you can’t quite explain. And oftentimes, the emotion spectrum of a painted sunset differs from a photograph. However, writing your critique review about art can be more challenging than admiring it.

Don’t stress and fret if you get an art critique assignment and need to improve your skills. Our team has created a guide that contains everything you need to know about writing this type of essay. We will also explain its four components and provide art critique examples that can inspire your own writing.

🎭 What Is an Art Criticism Essay?

• 🖼️ How to Write an Art Critique
• 🧐 10 Questions to Ask
• 👩‍🎨 Tips for Writing Art Criticism

🎨 Artwork Critique Examples

• 💡 Essay Topic Ideas

📎 References

“Why do you even need to criticize art?” is a legitimate question that you might be asking. Isn’t it enough that someone spent their time and made something? What’s the point of breaking down their work?

While it is true that the word “critique” evokes negative associations, there is more to it than just pointing out an artwork’s flaws. A well put criticism allows you, your audience, and the artist themselves to see the work from a different angle.

A good critique paper provides several things:

• An outside opinion of the work. Despite the common misconception, artists love to discuss their creations and those of their peers. A critique provides valuable data for their subsequent artistic pursuits and may point towards things artists didn’t consider because of their limited scope of work.
• A better understanding of one’s skills. A well-written art critique never seeks to tear down its subject. Instead, it serves as an assessment of the person’s artistic skills . A good analysis helps them pay attention to unexplored parts of their work.
• A new perspective. An artist can grow only when they know what needs improvement. Listening to praise all the time limits their development. A critical paper can point them in a better direction without being obnoxious or judgmental.
• A more profound sense of community. An art critique helps artists develop and see themselves from the other side. It makes them more open to discussing their opinions and values. That gives them a better understanding of what motivates and guides others.

An art critique is an outside opinion of the creator’s work that helps them improve their style and techniques. A well-made art critique tells what other people think of the artist’s efforts and draws attention to issues that must be solved, which leads to better professional and personal growth. Additionally, it lets us understand the work of old masters on a deeper level, evaluating where they succeeded or failed.

🖼️ Guide: How to Write an Art Critique

When you get down to basics, criticizing a creative work is also an art form in itself. That’s why students often struggle to describe works of art, especially if it’s their first time doing so.

When working on a critique, you must include several components we’ll cover later:

• Description of the work.
• Artist’s intentions and analysis.
• Response and interpretation.
• Conclusions and evaluation.

This approach is also known as the Feldman model and is widely used in art. Let’s look at each part and its role in writing an excellent art critique.

Description of the Work

When making an art critique, examining the subject thoroughly is essential. Your first impression and initial response to the piece are critical, so take the time to absorb it. When evaluating an artwork, learn about its background (author, significance, prominent motifs , and techniques.) You can also discuss the work’s medium, brushstrokes, color scheme, or any other relevant details.

Next, address the content of the work: the scene, figures, and objects depicted on the canvas or in the sculpture. You can mention the size of the work, texture, lines, composition, and perspective. If you’re looking for excellent art to examine, check out Caravaggio’s The Calling of St. Matthew . It’s a masterpiece that combines light, shadow, expressions, and movement to tell a story in a single frame.

Artist’s Intentions & Analysis

After you’re done admiring the piece, it’s time to determine what makes it work. When going through your visual findings, try answering the reason behind their use. For example, why did the artist use a particular type of paint or composed the frame in a certain way? It helps to establish an artist’s intent behind their work.

To make a comprehensive art criticism essay, look at the larger context. Learn about the artist, what drove them to create, and the biggest influences on their work. This helps better understand why they chose to create a particular piece during a certain artistic period. For example, Carravagio made some of his best paintings as church commissions, hence the wide use of Christian symbolism in many of his works.

Response & Interpretation

Art critique essays often hyperfocus on the artist and their work, forgetting that, ultimately, spectators are the ones experiencing it. In this part of the analysis, share what feelings the painting or sculpture evokes in your mind. There are no wrong answers here, as everybody sees art from their perspective. Look past what the artist tries to depict and explain the meaning you see behind the art.

When evaluating a work of art, think about what it makes you feel (joy, anger, sadness, and so on.) Next, think about the area or figure that draws your attention. Note the artistic choices that brought the whole thing together. Addressing these things will make your analysis more comprehensive.

Conclusions & Evaluation

Remember that a criticism is largely a personal opinion based on your experience and interpretation. The conclusion section of the art criticism essay should also evaluate the effectiveness of the artist’s choices in creating the right impact on the viewers and seeing their vision through. Think about how the artwork made you feel, using personal thoughts and feelings.

Once everything is said, you have to provide a summary of the art piece. Don’t try to imagine what the person could have done with the work. Instead, evaluate what they achieved with it. When working on this part of the essay, analyze the author’s intention, whether they were successful, and whether the piece was worth evaluating.

🧐 Artwork Critique – 10 Questions to Ask

In addition to this guide, we would like to provide a set of questions that will help you with your art criticism essay. There’s no need to answer all of them in your work, but knowing about them won’t hurt. Whether you’re writing a work about one of the classical pieces or contemporary abstract art, these questions can guide you. They can help you overcome your writer’s block, provide new ideas, or ensure that you stay on the right track.

• Is the choice of colors balanced, or do they clash?
• Where is the horizon line placed, and how does it influence the work?
• How does the color scheme work to set the piece’s mood?
• Is the composition set to make the scene look three-dimensional?
• Are the elements of the art piece positioned the right way?
• What idea did the artist want to convey in the work?
• Does the author use light and shadow properly?
• How does the artist express human emotions?
• Are there any errors with the composition?
• What is the main focus of the artwork?

👩‍🎨 Helpful Tips for Writing Constructive Art Criticism Essay

Sometimes, it is challenging to describe some details or set the tone for a critical essay. So, we’ve picked tips to help you create the perfect analysis paper.

To provide a better understanding of writing an art criticism essay, we’d like to give you a couple of examples to think about. These small samples will help you choose the proper language and paragraph structure to create a good artwork analysis. We hope you’ll find our art critique essay examples inspiring.

Raphael’s Madonna in a Chair .

Rightfully admired as one of the best painters of the High Renaissance era , Raphael showed a human side of the divine, most notably in his works related to the Madonna and baby Christ. Even the small-scale Madonna in a Chair showcases his talent despite the size of the canvas. The title is a bit misleading, as its main focus is the Son of God. Here, he is depicted in the embrace of Mary, cradling him with both her arms. The piece heavily utilizes the U shape in the figures of the Madonna, Christ, and the praying child who’ll grow up to be John the Baptist. The latter looks at them with awe and adoration, hands clasped in prayer. As in all his works, Raphael depicted the Mother of Christ not as a divine figure but as a mother, fearful and protective of her child. A slight off-balance to the left makes this scene more warm and intimate, with Christ’s and Madonna’s shapes radiant with an inner light. The color scheme used lighter hues for parts of the shawl, dress, and cloth the baby was wrapped in. Raphael showed a true mastery of color, light, and shadow to capture the essence of motherhood. He deliberately dimmed the colors on the sides of the painting to make its centerpiece more vibrant and life-like. The rounded shape of the work accentuates the effect of looking at people through an open window. This is how the painter made it feel like we have witnessed the tender moment and have been discovered, with both Madonna and Christ looking at us.

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere by Edouard Manet.

Edouard Manet is a figure well-known to the admirers of the French impressionist movement. His works gave a rare insight into Paris’s everyday and social life during the mid-1800s. One of Manet’s later works, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, continues this pursuit and takes us to the rowdy scene of a nightclub in the historical district of the capital. Instead of painting a vibrant scene, Manet focused on a single person working at the establishment’s bar. She’s a young woman (probably in her 20s) who stands behind the counter selling fruit and alcohol to the patrons of Folies-Bergère . Despite the atmosphere of the place, the woman looks detached from things happening around her. She’s the only person to have distinguishing features. Manet used multiple brushstrokes for each object to make them look distorted and out of focus. The further we get from the center of the piece, the blurrier the lines become. Sometimes, they turn into haze, erasing the lines between individuals. The use of dark and gray tones in the mirror’s reflection further emphasizes the cold feel of the place despite its intended atmosphere. In my opinion, the mirror lets the audience perceive the scene from the eyes of the woman as if we were the ones looking at the bar. The painting beautifully depicts two things: isolation and movement. Although visitors surround her, the person in the center of the image doesn’t seem to enjoy it. Her eyes are slightly cast down, perhaps in contemplation or daydreaming. Despite her state, the world carries on.

Artwork Critique: How to Choose Masterpiece for Analysis

In this section, we’ve compiled a little guide for picking the perfect piece of art for you to analyze. Check it out:

📌 Make preliminary research to understand different art forms, styles, or movements. It’s beneficial to familiarize yourself with artists’ backgrounds and historical context.

📌 Think about the themes and concepts you want to reveal in your analysis. Do you want to explore the artwork’s symbolism, aesthetic qualities, or historical significance?

📌 Select an artwork that personally resonates with you or piques your interest. A genuine connection with the piece will make the analysis more enjoyable and insightful.

📌 Consider exploring a diverse range of art periods. Analyzing a variety of artworks will broaden your perspective and enhance your critical analysis skills.

💡 Art Criticism Essay Topic Ideas

Finally, we’d like to offer a list of topics on which you can write your following critical paper. Perhaps here you’ll find something inspiring for your next piece of work.

• The role of Christian symbolism in Caravaggio’s works.
• Van Gogh’s Starry Night and the impressionist movement.
• Claude Monet’s Poppies : a study in perspective.
• Pablo Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon and 20th century art.
• Explore the composition of Sandro Botticelli’s Adoration of the Magi .
• Describe the main focus of Raphael’s The School of Athens piece .
• Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks and social isolation.
• Evaluate the use of light and shadow in Rembrandt’s The Night’s Watch.
• How did Johannes Vermeer achieve the realistic effect in his Girl with a Pearl Earring portrait?
• Discuss the symbolism of The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo.
• What message did Hieronymus Bosch try to convey in The Garden of Earthly Delights ?
• Explore the minimalist style used in Georges Seurat’s A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte .
• Comparison of the Caravaggio, Bernini, and Rembrandt Artworks.
• Describe the artistic significance of Emanuel Leutze’s Washington Crossing the Delaware .
• The use of color in J. W. Waterhouse’s The Lady of Shalott .
• Explain the use of the perspective in Claude Monet’s Woman with a Parasol .
• Which techniques were used to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling?
• Peter Paul Rubens’ The Raising of the Cross .
• Explore the use of color in Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa .
• Which events are depicted in Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People ?
• The Persistence of Memory and the surrealist movement.
• The Swing by Jean-Honoré Fragonard.
• Analyze The Great Wave of Kanagawa and its influence on the ukiyo-e genre.
• Wanderer above the Sea of Fog and solitude.
• Explore the themes of Pieter Bruegel’s The Hunters in the Snow .
• Claude Monet’s Water Lilies .
• Examine the use of color in Leighton’s Flaming June .
• How Renoir composed the scene in Bal du moulin de la Galette .
• A critical look at The Sistine Madonna .
• Gustav Klimt’s The Kiss.

Our guide will help you write a better art critique essay about ancient and contemporary masterpieces. We’re sure that it has all the answers you seek. And if you still need to come up with a topic, you can always try our essay topic generator.

• Guidelines for Analysis of Art. – UA Little Rock, School of Art and Design
• Art History Writing Guide. – Swarthmore College
• How to Critique a Work of Art. – Holland Central School District, Finalsite
• The Value of a Good Critique. – Georgia Schumacher, The Arts Institutes International
• How to Become an Art Critic in 5 Steps (Definition and FAQs). – Indeed
• 4 Reasons Critiques Need to Be Part of Your Curriculum. – Debi West, The Art of Education University
• Elemental Questions for Art Critique. – Lyric Montgomery Kinard
• How to Approach Writing Art Criticism. – Collin Kavanaugh, The Wheaton College Writing Center Blog
• Art Critique Vs. Art Bashing: How To Art Critique Right. – Nicole Adamson
• What is the Purpose of Art Criticism Today? – Elena Martinique, WideWalls

IELTS Essay: Museums and Art Galleries

by Dave | Real Past Tests | 7 Comments

This is an IELTS writing task 2 sample answer essay on the topic of museums and art galleries from the real IELTS exam.

I’ve actually written about this same topic before but it just came up again on IELTS recently so I decided to write about it a second time!

Please consider supporting me on Patreon.com/howtodoielts to receive my exclusive IELTS Ebooks!

Museums and art galleries should show local history and culture instead of work from different countries.

Discuss both views and give opinion.

Some feel that museums and art galleries ought to primarily focus on showcasing local, rather than international, works. In my opinion, despite the importance of domestic pieces for national cohesion, there is greater value in international items.

Those who advocate for domestic art in national museums and exhibition halls point out the unifying effect. Students in every country are expected to learn their national history but these lessons can often feel impersonal and abstract. The chance to visit a museum and see authentic documents from the past revitalises history and can inspire patriotism. A standout example of this would be The Smithsonian in the United States, which houses key historic and cultural artifacts. Visitors from different parts of the country and disparate ethnic groups can potentially find common ground by reflecting on the struggles and achievements of their forefathers.

Regardless, the citizenry as a whole can learn more from international artworks. Most people have learned their own nation’s history well but possess limited understanding of other cultures. Going to a museum featuring items from around the world is therefore an enlightening experience. For example, The British Museum in London famously contains one of the world’s largest collections of culturally significant artifacts from around the world. By seeing and reading the plaques for a variety of artworks both young students and adults alike have the opportunity to broaden their understanding of the traditions, cultures, and events that underpin the modern world. Over time, this can lead to a more inclusive, culturally diversified society.

All in all, the patriotic positives of locally themed collections are outweighed by the educational benefits of globally sourced institutions. There must be a degree of balance but those in positions of authority should emphasise cultural diversity.

1. Some feel that museums and art galleries ought to primarily focus on showcasing local, rather than international, works. 2. In my opinion, despite the importance of domestic pieces for national cohesion, there is greater value in international items.

• Paraphrase the overall essay topic.
• Write a clear opinion. Read more about introductions here .

1. Those who advocate for domestic art in national museums and exhibition halls point out the unifying effect. 2. Students in every country are expected to learn their national history but these lessons can often feel impersonal and abstract. 3. The chance to visit a museum and see authentic documents from the past revitalises history and can inspire patriotism. 4. A standout example of this would be The Smithsonian in the United States, which houses key historic and cultural artifacts. 5. Visitors from different parts of the country and disparate ethnic groups can potentially find common ground by reflecting on the struggles and achievements of their forefathers.

• Write a topic sentence with a clear main idea at the end.
• Explain your main idea.
• Develop it with specific examples.
• Keep developing it fully.
• Stay focused on the same main idea.

1. Regardless, the citizenry as a whole can learn more from international artworks. 2. Most people have learned their own nation’s history well but possess limited understanding of other cultures. 3. Going to a museum featuring items from around the world is therefore an enlightening experience. 4. For example, The British Museum in London famously contains one of the world’s largest collections of culturally significant artifacts from around the world. 5. By seeing and reading the plaques for a variety of artworks both young students and adults alike have the opportunity to broaden their understanding of the traditions, cultures, and events that underpin the modern world. 6. Over time, this can lead to a more inclusive, culturally diversified society.

• Write a new topic sentence with a new main idea at the end.
• Explain your new main idea.
• Include specific details and examples.
• Continue developing it…
• as fully as possible!
• Any extra statement of the result will help.

1. All in all, the patriotic positives of locally themed collections are outweighed by the educational benefits of globally sourced institutions. 2. There must be a degree of balance but those in positions of authority should emphasise cultural diversity.

• Summarise your main ideas.
• Include a final thought. Read more about conclusions here .

What do the words in bold below mean? Make some notes on paper to aid memory and then check below.

Some feel that museums and art galleries ought to primarily focus on showcasing local , rather than international , works. In my opinion, despite the importance of domestic pieces for national cohesion , there is greater value in international items.

Those who advocate for domestic art in national museums and exhibition halls point out the unifying effect . Students in every country are expected to learn their national history but these lessons can often feel impersonal and abstract . The chance to visit a museum and see authentic documents from the past revitalises history and can inspire patriotism . A standout example of this would be The Smithsonian in the United States, which houses key historic and cultural artifacts . Visitors from different parts of the country and disparate ethnic groups can potentially find common ground by reflecting on the struggles and achievements of their forefathers .

Regardless , the citizenry as a whole can learn more from international artworks. Most people have learned their own nation’s history well but possess limited understanding of other cultures. Going to a museum featuring items from around the world is therefore an enlightening experience . For example, The British Museum in London famously contains one of the world’s largest collections of culturally significant artifacts from around the world. By seeing and reading the plaques for a variety of artworks both young students and adults alike have the opportunity to broaden their understanding of the traditions , cultures, and events that underpin the modern world . Over time , this can lead to a more inclusive , culturally diversified society .

All in all , the patriotic positives of locally themed collections are outweighed by the educational benefits of globally sourced institutions . There must be a degree of balance but those in positions of authority should emphasise cultural diversity.

primarily mainly

focus on concentrate

showcasing displaying

local from that country

international from around the world

domestic local, from your country

national cohesion uniting a country

value importance

advocate support

exhibition halls art galleries

point out argue

unifying effect how it brings people together

expected predicted

national history past of a country

impersonal no personal, removed

abstract far away, not concrete

authentic documents real items

revitalises brings life back to

inspire patriotism make you feel for your country

A standout example of this would be a good instance is

houses contains

artifacts old items

disparate ethnic groups different demographics in society

potentially possibly

find common ground have something in common

reflecting thinking back on

struggles difficulties

achievements what you get done in life

forefathers ancestors

regardless nonetheless

citizenry people in a country

as a whole all together

possess have

limited understanding not much knowing

featuring having

enlightening experience insightful time

famously well known

culturally significant artifacts important art/historic objects

plaques information about the items

broaden widen

traditions past ways of doing things

underpin serve as the foundation for

modern world the world today

over time as time goes on

inclusive accepting and open

culturally diversified society world with lots of different cultures

all in all in conclusion

patriotic caring about your country

locally themed collections items taken from one’s own country

outweighed stronger than

globally sourced institutions items taken from around the world

a degree of balance some equality

positions of authority high up, policymakers

emphasise focus on

Pronunciation

Practice saying the vocabulary below and use this tip about Google voice search :

ˈpraɪmərɪli   ˈfəʊkəs ɒn   ˈʃəʊkeɪsɪŋ   ˈləʊkəl ˌɪntə(ː)ˈnæʃənl   dəʊˈmɛstɪk   ˈnæʃənl kəʊˈhiːʒən ˈvæljuː   ˈædvəkɪt   ˌɛksɪˈbɪʃən hɔːlz   pɔɪnt aʊt   ˈjuːnɪfaɪɪŋ ɪˈfɛkt ɪksˈpɛktɪd   ˈnæʃənl ˈhɪstəri   ɪmˈpɜːsnl   ˈæbstrækt   ɔːˈθɛntɪk ˈdɒkjʊmənts   ˌriːˈvaɪtəlaɪzɪz   ɪnˈspaɪə ˈpætrɪətɪzm ə ˈstændaʊt ɪgˈzɑːmpl ɒv ðɪs wʊd biː   ˈhaʊzɪz   ˈɑːtɪˌfækts ˈdɪspərɪt ˈɛθnɪk gruːps   pəʊˈtɛnʃəli   faɪnd ˈkɒmən graʊnd   rɪˈflɛktɪŋ   ˈstrʌglz   əˈʧiːvmənts   ˈfɔːˌfɑːðəz rɪˈgɑːdlɪs   ˈsɪtɪznri   æz ə həʊl   pəˈzɛs   ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ   ˈfiːʧərɪŋ   ɪnˈlaɪtnɪŋ ɪksˈpɪərɪəns ˈfeɪməsli   ˈkʌlʧərəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈɑːtɪˌfækts   plɑːks   əˈlaɪk   ˈbrɔːdn   trəˈdɪʃənz ˌʌndəˈpɪn   ˈmɒdən wɜːld ˈəʊvə taɪm ɪnˈkluːsɪv ˈkʌlʧərəli daɪˈvɜːsɪfaɪd səˈsaɪəti ɔːl ɪn ɔːl   ˌpætrɪˈɒtɪk   ˈləʊkəli θiːmd kəˈlɛkʃənz   aʊtˈweɪd   ˈgləʊbəli sɔːst ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənz ə dɪˈgriː ɒv ˈbæləns   pəˈzɪʃənz ɒv ɔːˈθɒrɪti   ˈɛmfəsaɪz  

Vocabulary Practice

I recommend getting a pencil and piece of paper because that aids memory. Then write down the missing vocabulary from my sample answer in your notebook:

Some feel that museums and art galleries ought to p___________y f__________n s_____________g l______l , rather than i_____________l , works. In my opinion, despite the importance of d_____________c pieces for n____________________n , there is greater v_____e in international items.

Those who a____________e for domestic art in national museums and e_______________s p___________t the u______________t . Students in every country are e___________d to learn their n_______________y but these lessons can often feel i___________l and a_________t . The chance to visit a museum and see a____________________s from the past r__________s history and can i__________________m . A ________________________________ e The Smithsonian in the United States, which h_________s key historic and cultural a_________s . Visitors from different parts of the country and d_________________________s can p_____________y f_____________________d by r_____________g on the s____________s and a________________s of their f_____________s .

R___________s , the c_____________y a____________e can learn more from international artworks. Most people have learned their own nation’s history well but p_________s l______________________g of other cultures. Going to a museum f___________g items from around the world is therefore an e__________________________e . For example, The British Museum in London f____________y contains one of the world’s largest collections of c__________________________s from around the world. By seeing and reading the p__________s for a variety of artworks both young students and adults a______e have the opportunity to b_________n their understanding of the t__________s , cultures, and events that u____________n the m_____________d . O____________e , this can lead to a more i____________e , c________________________y .

A___________l , the p_________c positives of l______________________________s are o___________d by the educational benefits of g_________________________s . There must be a____________________e but those in p_________________y should e_____________e cultural diversity.

Listening Practice

Learn more about this topic in the video below and practice with these activities :

https://www.youtube.com/user/smithsonianchannel

Reading Practice

Read more about this topic and use these ideas to practice :

https://artsandculture.google.com/story/10-museums-you-can-explore-right-here-right-now/igKSKBBnEBSGKg

Speaking Practice

Practice with the following speaking questions from the real IELTS speaking exam :

• Should kids be taught art from a young age?
• Is it important for all people to get the opportunity to make art?
• Should art be sold or kept in museums for the public to see?
• Why is art sold for such large sums of money?
• What is the attitude to art in your country?

Writing Practice

Practice with the same basic topic below and then check with my sample answer:

Museums and art galleries should focus on works that show the history and culture of their own country rather than works of other parts of the world.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

IELTS Writing Task 2 Sample Answer: Museums

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Hello Sir, could you please let me know what you think of my essay? Thank you! In today’s society, there are contradicting views on whether or not international works should be displayed alongside local works at art galleries and museums. From my perspective, I firmly believe that this will have many merits and is a positive tendency.

On the one hand, the main purpose of museums and galleries is to provide and raise awareness to the public about the nation’s culture and connect them to their roots and heritage. To illustrate this, growing up I had always visited the national Indian museum, and through those visits, I had a much better grasp and understanding of India’s traditions and history. In addition to this, the moral values and beliefs of countries tend to vary a lot, therefore in order to avoid confusion, it would be easier to solely focus on the local culture.

On the other hand, it ought not to be forgotten that all countries have had an impact on the human race. If this were to be neglected and not taken into consideration, then it would be more challenging to understand mankind accurately. Furthermore, having international collections will not only attract locals but also a huge number of tourists. This will be beneficial to the country because it will boost their economy and create job opportunities for the citizens.

To conclude, although views tend to differ regarding this matter, I would reiterate that governments should try to present a similar number of local and international objects in museums and art galleries. If appropriate steps were to be taken to find and maintain that right balance, then a desirable outcome would be reached for all.

Really nice paraphrasing though you could be more specific with your ideas at times. Especially in the 3rd paragraph you could spend a little more time developing each idea to get a really high mark for task achievement.

Keep working hard!

I remember when a student got this question a long while back. At the time, I thought it was a bit silly as the only possible defense of not showing works from other countries would be some misguided belief that they are shown at the expense of domestic works.

Then, I talked to a british friend (also IELTS teacher) and he was like, ‘oh yeah, this is actually an issue in the the UK given that many our museums are chock full of plundered artifacts from former colonies’. So given that perspective, i guess this question makes sense.

Haha, yeah, good point Sean!

A lot of questions are written from a UK perspective – it’s also fine to have a main idea that doesn’t really make that much sense as long as you can support it well enough.

Thanks for sharing that story!

Hey are using WordPress for your site platform? I’m new to the blog world but I’m trying to get started and set up my own. Do you require any coding knowledge to make your own blog? Any help would be really appreciated!

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Art Gallery: Metropolitan Museum Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

Nowadays it is difficult to find a person who is not interested in arts at least as an amateur. Everybody chooses a kind of art according to his or her taste and preferences. Somebody gets real pleasure from ballet or cinema and the other adores visual art or architecture. In any case, each kind of art has its peculiarities and zest. In every country, there are a lot of different museums and art galleries which attract a great number of real art connoisseurs and simple amateurs. Due to such museums and galleries, people can know many interesting historical facts and men of the moment, who had a great influence on the world of art. Metropolitan Museum belongs to those public places which attract thousands of visitors every day.

Metropolitan Museum is one of the most famous and the richest art galleries located in New York. It possesses an eternal collection, which comprises more than two million pieces of art. It is a real paradise not only for simple visitors and amateurs but also for those who deal with art studying professionally. “Represented in the constant collection are pieces of art from classical old relic and Egypt” (Hoving p. 56). The visitors are welcome to see different paintings and sculptures of famous European masters and huge collections of modern art.

The exhibition is presented with a great number of masterpieces. The visitors can see the famous The Actor by Picasso. The canvas belongs to the so-called blue period of Picasso’s oeuvre. The artist presents the image of a young and handsome actor and visitors may see and feel his emotions during the performance on the stage. Another interesting piece of work is Standing Attendant, a Chinese sculpture belonging to the 7-the century. This sculpture of a stranger shows the international and worldwide spirit of the departed inhabitant in the furnished grave. It is the representative of the famous Tang dynasty and his adornments falling from his belt, together with other traits of his dress that are dissimilar from usual Chinese clothing. One more sculpture that is worth discussing is Hatshepsut , dated 1458 b.c Hatshepsut, the well-known female ruler of Egypt. This sculpture makes the visitors plunge into the atmosphere of ancient Egypt. This full-size statue demonstrates the ruler in the traditional clothing of all Egyptian monarchs, conventionally a role of man. Despite the fact that the dress is male, this statue has distinctly female features, unlike the majority of other representatives of this dynasty. Moreover, the most stunning architectural attainment of the antique world, was that Hatshepsut’s sanctuary was adorned with a great number of statues depicting her as a sphinx and as Osiris, famous god of the spirit world. The samples of ancient architecture have always been the objects of interest. For example, the Two Columns from the Church of Notre- Dame de la Daurade. The columns, together with another twenty columns are the parts of “Golden Church” of La Daurade. It is an extremely beautiful church that is famous for its gold mosaics. The columns are covered with a beautiful ornament that gives a clear understanding of architectural tendencies of those times.

Needless to say that visiting such places as Metropolitan Museum is the best way to become familiar with art and get acquainted with famous historical masterpieces.

Works Cited

Hoving, Thomas. Making the Mummies Dance: Inside the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Michigan: Simon & Schuster, 1993

• Quai Branly Museum: A Memorial Visit in Paris
• Anti-religious or Blasphemous Art Exhibits
• Roles in Diplomacy: Cleopatra and Hatshepsut
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• Antony Gormley's Recent Art Exhibition
• Critique of the Exhibition of Pablo Picasso’s Works
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2021, December 18). Art Gallery: Metropolitan Museum. https://ivypanda.com/essays/art-gallery-metropolitan-museum/

"Art Gallery: Metropolitan Museum." IvyPanda , 18 Dec. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/art-gallery-metropolitan-museum/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'Art Gallery: Metropolitan Museum'. 18 December.

IvyPanda . 2021. "Art Gallery: Metropolitan Museum." December 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/art-gallery-metropolitan-museum/.

1. IvyPanda . "Art Gallery: Metropolitan Museum." December 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/art-gallery-metropolitan-museum/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Art Gallery: Metropolitan Museum." December 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/art-gallery-metropolitan-museum/.

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• How to Write an Essay About Art: Guide

Writing a formal art analysis essay often seems challenging for many students. This is because an art essay differs from regular papers and requires you to showcase critical and analytical skills.

This article will cover the guidelines and best tips to help you create a quality art criticism essay.

What is an art essay?

An art essay is an academic paper that analyzes different types of art to examine their relevance and impact on the audience. These essays analyze the elements of artwork and the aspects of the art following the period of its creation.

A good art essay should highlight the small details encompassed in a piece and how they contribute to a certain theme. This challenges your reader and highlights various explanations of the creator's purpose.

How to write an art essay

When writing an art essay, the key elements to consider are the structure and defining features of your art's design.

Some of the general information to consider when preparing an art essay include; the artist's information, the date the artist created the art piece, the provenance, and the current location of the piece.

Brief description of the work

After your introduction, you should analyze various artwork elements to determine why it is appealing to the audience. Some of the elements to consider when writing an art essay are:

Color : When describing an art piece, highlight the colors in the picture and how various colors are used to show different themes. We may talk about its hue, value, and intensity when defining color.

Lines : Lines are the primary elements to study in an art essay. You may use Lines to convey emotions, motion, or moods. Lines are analyzed depending on their composition. Horizontal lines can show calmness while analyzing diagonal lines to define a movement.  

Texture : this refers to the surface appearance of your art piece. Texture can be observed in 2-d art and felt in 3-D pieces.

Space  refers to the space between and around objects depicted in your art. Space can be defined as negative or positive and provides context for your piece.  

Shape : Like lines, shapes can relay emotions and aid in analyzing artwork. Various shapes were historically associated with various attributes and could thus shed some light on what the creator aimed to achieve with the piece.

Steps for writing an essay about art

Similar to other academic papers, limiting your art essay to a few characteristics that support your thesis statement is crucial. When handling a 'why art is important essay;

• Examine the artwork

Analyze various elements and principles embodied in the artwork and your feeling on the overall quality and message of the artwork. When examining the art, be keen to confirm the subject matter, artist, date of creation, and the current location of the piece.

This information helps you structure an informative introduction before presenting your thesis.

• Write your thesis

After examining your study piece, brainstorm on various ideas that you could address regarding the art piece. Next, note your points down and research to weed out topics that have been covered extensively.

Preferably, cover a topic that can be fully covered from analyzing the piece or one that empirical data on the topic can support.

• Body paragraphs

Within the body of your art analysis essay, expand on your claim and show how various elements and principles support your claim as exhibited in the art piece. Like other papers, the body should be structured into paragraphs containing a unique idea.

The paragraphs should start with a topic sentence, provide an argument for your claim and highlight the relevance of each section to the thesis.

• Prepare a conclusion

Finally, cover the main points of your essay and show how the paper supports your thesis statement. Be keen not to introduce new ideas into the conclusion section, as this may cause confusion and limit your overall performance.

Art essay topics

If you struggle to select a topic for your art history essay, here are some ideas to inspire your topic selection.

• Elements of Egyptian sculptures
• Fashion designs in African cultures
• Analyzing 'The Last Supper by Leonardo DaVinci
• Features of 18th century English portraits
• The representation of women in ancient art
• How Claude Manet embodied impressionism

We hope that this guide has helped you to approach your art essay. Feel free to engage our experts for further assistance.

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Home — Essay Samples — Arts & Culture — Art and Religion — Critique Over An Art Gallery

Critique Over an Art Gallery

• Categories: Art and Religion Critical Theory

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Published: Sep 19, 2019

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Essay Samples on Art

While it may seem easy to compose essays about art, it’s not really so because you have to offer background information in your introduction part and explain why some exhibition or a school of thought is important. This should go to your first paragraph because your purpose is to inspire your readers and provide enough background information. When you already have a prompt that must be followed, determine what kind of essay must be written. It can be a descriptive essay, which is great for a description of the works of art or photography. Some other cases may require working with an explanatory tone where you have to explain why an artist has chosen certain palettes or what has been an inspiration. See various free art essay examples below for inspiration. It also helps to learn how to structure your writing and implement quotes or footnotes that are used to highlight the images. Remember to focus on the ways how to cite images and multimedia elements, depending on the chosen style. Your writing should address every image that you have by checking twice with the grading rubric to ensure that you use the sources that may have already been specified.

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Art Galleries Improve People’s Lives

Introduction.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed how people travel for art. Increasingly, people stayed within the confines of their homes, played-streamed live from the theatre, and roamed virtually through art and museum galleries. However, the museum visitation statistics now suggest that people are back travelling to art galleries for viewership. People visit art galleries for various reasons and derive various forms of benefits. The essay is a critical discussion on the role of the art gallery in improving people’s lives. The essay intends to offer a description of socially-engaged practice and co-curation. Indeed, the 1990s saw a significant shift towards socially-engaged, relational and participatory art practices and exhibitions, both within and without the formal gallery space. Visiting an art gallery is both a show of passion for the arts and enjoyment. Again, art galleries compound the indispensable importance of art in society, which transcends far beyond cultures or borders.

The essay demonstrates that engaging with art is never simply a solitary activity. Instead, artworks play different but necessary roles in contributing positively to society’s development, health and well-being. Artistic pieces displayed in art galleries and bring individuals and communities significant levels of interaction, joy and inspiration. They also provide thoughtful critique to a society’s socio-economic and political systems, hence forcing thoughtful engagement and social progress in communities. The essay will also show how engaging with artwork is never simply a solitary process. Rather, it emphasises the role of art galleries and museums in documenting and preserving human history and expressing collective emotions. The arts and culture are amongst the few areas within the society where people unite, interact and engage while sharing experiences irrespective of their differing worldviews. At the same time, art galleries are a great source of inspiration for many. Whether seeking intellectual stimulation or quiet contemplation, visitors enter art galleries with various expectations. Consequently, art galleries play an important role in improving people’s lives, both directly and indirectly.

The Meaning of Art

Contemporarily, art exhibitions are meant for various reasons, including for marketing, historic preservation, education, aesthetic enjoyment, etcetera. Consequently, art galleries are commonly meant for various socio-economic functions, both private and public. Increasingly, art galleries play a crucial role in maintaining the network of connections between art experts, collectors and artists that define fine art as part of the art world.

Numerous theories of art and art exhibitions have so far been proposed. According to Prinz, Piening and Ehrmann (2015: 153), an intrinsic feature of cultural goods is their economic success’ unpredictability. Artworks particularly have common characteristics with inspection, credence and experience goods. Consequently, art collectors depend significantly upon the art galleries’ experience and reputation in their artwork investment. At the same time, other studies have attributed the success of art galleries on their partnership with the most visible and successful artists, their information and innovation effects, but rarely on the competition effects.

Proceeding on the superstar effects on art galleries’ success, the representational theory has for a very long time offered a compelling perspective on which to view artworks and art galleries. The theory offers a historically complexity of views that the arts’ essential or primary role is to imitate or display or set forth the various aspects of reality in its broad sense (Hepburn, 2009: under “Theories of Art”). By giving the arts a distinctive cognitive role, the representational theories argues that artists enlighten people to see the world’s perceptual configurations and qualities, its aesthetics, horrors and uglinesses.

On the other hand, the expression perspective perceives of art as an expression of the felt reality. For instance, R. G. Collingwood’s account shares the view that artists struggles to articulate and clarify their initially unfocused feeling. Artworks expresses not only the emotions, moods, feelings and sensations of the artists, but also their relief, frustration, disappointment, expectation, atmospheric qualities, evaluations, attitudes, etcetera. The functional theories of art focus on the value of its aesthetic response (Lamarque and Olsen, 2018: 50; Lopes, 2018: 85). According to Beardsley (1982: 299), an artwork is “either an arrangement of conditions intended to be capable of affording an experience with marked aesthetic character or (incidentally) an arrangement belonging to a class or type of arrangements that is typically intended to have this capacity.” Thus, while all art have an intended aesthetic function, not all creations are successful in producing the experience. Consequently, whereas all  good art  succeed in achieving the former function,  bad art  do not.

Thus,  bad arts  are only paradigmatic counterexamples to the aesthetic function of artworks since they do not have the intended aesthetic function. Consequently, according to Beardsley (1983: 25), such artworks are neither art nor “comments on art.” While analyzing Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain as a counter-example of the  good art , Beardsley (1983: 25) commented that “[t]o classify them [Fountain and the like] as artworks just because they make comments on art would be to classify a lot of dull and sometimes unintelligible magazine articles and newspaper reviews as artworks.” However, numerous contemporary art theorists increasingly consider the aesthetic function of artwork as extensively inadequate, especially from the perspective of Duchamp’s style of art.

Other theories of art consider various aspects embodied by the artwork. For instance, whereas the formalists theorists focuses on the formal properties or content of art (Carroll, 2010: 148), the institutional theorists emphasises on the idea that an object can only be deemed as an art when placed and defined from its institutional purview, i.e. the  artworld  (Dickie, 1971: 101). A more compelling rebuttal to the criticisms of these aforementioned theories of artwork is proposed by the set theory of art, which considers everything to be art (Carroll, 2001: 11). Thus, based on these various theories of art, the essay will then proceed to explore the role of art galleries.

The Art Galleries

Art galleries play a crucial role within the art industry as they link artists to collectors. As exhibition spaces for displaying and selling artworks, art galleries operate as commercial and private enterprises that work with different artists as the dealer that represents, supports and distribute their artworks. Art galleries curate exhibitions and avails them for sale (Delagrange, 2021: under “Definition”). Comparatively, museums operate as public and non-commercial institutions that curate art exhibitions primarily for cultural and educational purposes, documenting and conserving the most relevant ones. Consequently, museums, unlike art galleries, do not avail the curated art exhibitions for sale.

Art museums or galleries are commonly conceptualised as any place (i.e. a space or building) for exhibiting visual arts. Art galleries or museums can be private or public depending on the ownership of the exhibitions, and the most commonly exhibited items within them include visual arts like paintings, textiles, drawings, sculptures and photographs. However, although private art galleries are primarily meant to sell art, they also refer to museum rooms or spaces for displaying exhibitions (Delagrange, 2021: under “…Difference between…”).. Consequently, this article uses the terms  art gallery  and  museums  interchangeably. Contemporary art galleries are of different types and engage in different activities. Art galleries come in different forms and types, including the commercial art galleries, Mega-Galleries, vanity art galleries, exhibition spaces, artist-run galleries, etcetera. These art galleries have diverse activities, and each have slightly varying business models or approaches.

However, nearly all art galleries create their represented artists’/artist estates’ curated art exhibition programs. The galleries have a long-term collaboration with the latter, selling their artworks, supporting and monitoring their careers, and promoting their career growth. Consequently, modern art galleries engage in various forms of activities. More importantly, they curate the exhibition programmes, building a portfolio of artists and artist estates, sell and distribute artworks, and represent and support the artists. The functions have evolved over time.

Analysing Role of Art Galleries in Improving Lives

Art galleries and artists.

As they key to art, people visit art galleries and museums for various reasons. According to Wahab and Zuhardi (2013: 476), art gallery exhibition spaces are places for displaying the artists’ ideas for visitors through various forms of visual qualities. Currently, the primary purpose of art galleries and museums is to nurture visual artists, promote their artworks, and expose them and their work to the public, cultural institutions, media and collectors. They also work to promote the artists’ careers, both locally and globally. Consequently, they must manage curatorial and administrative staff, provide appropriate exhibition space and insurance, participate and invest in various expensive art fairs, secure advertising, develop and establish web and similar platforms, produce events, and etcetera. All these activities are essential to well-functioning institutions.

Impact on People’s Lives

Impact on Individual Consumers:

However, such challenges of notwithstanding the immense contribution of art galleries in improving people’s lives. Talking about the value of arts and culture demands first beginning with the intrinsic. Art has the ability to enrich people’s emotional world and illuminate their inner lives. Contextually, there could be high chances that millions of people are still unaware of the potential role that visiting art galleries has in making their lives and communities better. Although the figures have started increasing, the recent COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted museum attendance worldwide, as visitations across 100 art museums dropped by 77 percent worldwide in 2020 (Sharpe et al., 2021: para 2). Despite such a drop in attendance, art galleries significantly improves lives,

Apparently, there are various motivational factors of art gallery consumers. Generally, the factors include the proposals given by the galleries, their value to consumers, accessibility, the personnel’s communication, and the environment (Jurėnienė and Peseckienė, 2020: 17). According to Falk’s theory of typology of identity-related visitors to museums, Falk’s typology of identity-related visitors to museums, the consumers use museums to satisfy various identity-related needs relation to satisfaction in art and also monuments search for appropriate places to spend their time (Jurėnienė and Peseckienė, 2020: 18-19). Thus, he claims that museum visits are unique and individually-defined experiences, based on unique needs and daily schedules within specific moments and places (Falk, 2009, cited in Jurėnienė and Peseckienė, 2020: 18-19). Visitors have numerous identities: personal and group; internal and external; small and large – all which reflect both their self-identities and how others perceive them. Thus, the nature of such visits differs significantly. However, despite such stark differences, it is important to note that people’s lives change positively based on their successful fulfillment of their motivations for visitations. For instance, a visitor who goes to a museum to meet someone or learn a historical fact would relieve the stress and need related to such demands if they successfully satisfy their motivations. Consequently, they would have relieved their needs and moved to satisfy other motivations.

Visiting museums can improve people’s lives by enhancing their skills, such as creativity, emotional intelligence, innovation and critical thinking. For instance, art galleries and museums can enhance a visitor’s social capital, empower and educate them, create and improve their networks, and stimulate constructive dialogue around relevant subjects (Burdett et al., 2004: 2). They can similarly inspire creativity in the visitors, hence improving individual fulfillment. In a 2014 study published in  Education Next , taking field trips to art galleries was found to improve people’s critical thinking and historical empathy. Visitors can enhance their creativity levels by being more open-minded when they view artworks and try to compare them (Greene, Kisida and Bowen, 2014: 78). By viewing artworks, the visitor’s imagination can increase. At the same time, they can discover new meanings and ideas through viewing artworks.

According to a recent study, visiting an art gallery can improve one’s emotional intelligence. Apart from being an avenue to expand knowledge and experience, viewing artworks in galleries can actually make one happier. A presence in the art gallery makes one’s mind to start wandering, and becoming more focused on positive activities and abstract thinking, hence reduced stress levels. Viewing art galleries can lead to stress and anxiety relief, improved empathy, and more moments of joy and happiness. Making and viewing art stimulates the brain to release dopamine, a hormone that promotes positive feelings and mental restoration (Kaimal, Ray and Muniz, 2016: 74). In another study, viewing art was found to reduce stress levels, with moderating factors including viewing instructions, artwork content, individual characteristics, and setting (Law, Karulkar and Broadbent, 2021: 1). In a recent study published in the  Journal of Positive Psychology , consuming art in galleries can help reduce stress, make life feel more positive and meaningful, and combat loneliness, especially by inducing feelings of reflection and immersion (Cotter and Pawelski, 2021: 1). Consequently, the scientific studies propose that consuming artwork is a highly beneficial endeavor.

Impact on the Society:

However, the role of art galleries and museums has changed drastically across history. Art galleries and museums are relatively recent phenomenon that date backs only to about between two centuries and late 18 TH  century (Vergo, 1989). Art gallery, in the mid-15 th  century Western cultures, consisted of any narrow but long, covered passage along a wall, initially used as a place of art during the 1590s. The long gallery in both the Jacobean and Elizabethan houses served numerous roles, one of which was for displaying art. However, artwork exhibition was historically primarily meant to showcase the exhibitors’ wealth and status, and religious artworks were objects of the narratives’ depiction or ritual.

During the 18 th  century, museums resembled older ceremonial monuments like temples and palaces, hence signifying their association with the secular beliefs, rather than religion (Duncan, 2009: 473). The separation of Church and State during the Enlightenment era led to the former beliefs acquiring significant authority within the society, as religion only maintained its authoritative position amongst select voluntary believers. Since the secular ideas meant an objective, verifiable and rational knowledge, people increasingly viewed the art museums and galleries as the documenters and preservers of the official cultural memory of the community, partly for the humanistic and scientific disciplines practiced in them (Duncan, 2009: 473).

Thus, art galleries and museums are central to the contemporary government-culture relations. They are essential social change measures, especially due to them being an instrument of both historical representation and powerful social metaphor (Prior, 2003: 53). As Carrier (1987: 83) implies, given that artifacts have special identities, their preservation transforms them into historical records. Consequently, rather than just being standing rows of artwork, art galleries are a complex reflection of cultures and history of societies. The exhibited visual arts symbolises past glories while educating people on their historical and cultural backgrounds and values. The preserved artefacts can be used to educate current and future generations, hence making their lives better.

Additionally, by contributing significantly to the creative sectors and the wider economy, art galleries improve the people’s and nation’s wellbeing. For instance, from a broader perspective, a 2014 study by the Arts Council of England determined that students who participated in the art at school were twice more likely to volunteer in societal activities than non-engagers, and about 20 percent more likely to engage in voting activities as young adults. Arts students and culture and sports volunteers had higher employability, ability to stay in employment and to be involved and to become influential in the community. Furthermore, engaging in arts can contribute significantly to social cohesion, lower social isolation and exclusion, and enable stronger and safer communities. The art organization and sector creates supported environments through partnership and collaboration to provide opportunities for community members’ engagement, both individually and as a group. Such initiatives are present in, and align to, the key social impact drivers of community identity, education and skills development, health and wellbeing, social inclusion, spirituality and social justice and change. Additionally, they provide an extensive array of engagement activities and processes that directly improve community engagement with and participation in the arts (The Arts Council of England, 2014: 8). Particularly, the collaboration and communication with key partners and players ensures the design of art projects that align with the vulnerable and marginalized groups’ needs.

As educational institutions, art galleries play a significant role in shaping the power dynamics within societies. According to the French philosopher Michel Foucault, social power was fundamentally manipulative and freedom-restricting (Wicks, 2003: 231). According to Donald Crisp, the museum is another confinement institution that could be analyzed based on Foucault’s findings (Bennett, 1995: 59). Foucault juxtaposed many social institutions, including the well-intentioned ones like the educational systems that tried transforming society, to his study on prisoners’ reformation practice by attempting to reshape their cognitive bearings (Wicks, 2003: 232). In his study, Foucault conceived of the prison and asylum as institutional symbols of knowledge and power relations. For instance, the Great Exhibition in Crystal Palace in 1851 fundamentally reversed the panoptical principle of authority and power by focusing the multitude’s eyes on the glamorous commodities’ assemblage. While the latter was designed for everyone’s seeing, the former was meant to supervise everyone (Bennett, 1995: 65).

The design of the Great Exhibition of Crystal Palace reverses the authority and power relations in the Panopticon. In  The Birth of the Museum , Tony Bennett compares the powerful institution’s efforts’ panoptical view to enable a disciplinary society, with the efforts of the museums to target the masses as a reform object via various technologies and routines that demand a change in the bodily compartments’ norms Bennett, 1995: 100). Thus, art significantly resulted in social and class distinction instead of unification, a view that was also held by the 19 TH  century poet and cultural critic Matthew Arnold (MacClellan, 2003: 13). At the same time, the 20 TH  century sociologist Pierre Bourdieu determined that art museums were preserved only for the privileged segment of the population since they assumed knowledge and skills which could only be gained outside the museums via upbringing and superior education (McClellan, 2003: 32).

Consequently, he concluded that art museums significantly reinforced class distinctions (Bennett, 2009: 243). The sociologist held that the systematic link between the educational systems and the prevailing high artistic and intellectual culture institutions combined to ensure the selective transmission of cultural abilities, interests and tastes along class lines, hence perpetuating the existing class distinctions. Contemporarily, the conclusion that visiting art galleries can perpetuate classism and class distinctions is still relevant, as recent evidence suggests that such institutions are at the centre of powerful social dynamics driven by class-culture relations.

However, the positive effect of arts and art galleries far outweigh their negative impacts. Art galleries offer specialist expertise and knowledge to support the education, health and wellbeing, social inclusion and community identity creation within the relevant regions (Li et al., 2021: 1-2). A review on the social and economic impacts of the arts sector has shown that by embracing socio-economic, along with aesthetic and cultural rationale, for its activity, the sector has managed to advocate for increased acknowledged for the contribution of arts and creativity to the wider socio-economic wellbeing, and for improvement in public investment levels in the arts (Reeves, 2001: 101). Being intricately interconnected, arts, creativity and cultural sectors can significantly improve a community’s competitiveness, attract tourists and visiting populations, enhance cohesion and inclusion, and improve the skilled workforce’s development to pursue socio-economic development projects with greater creativity and innovation (Murray, 2011: 1). Consequently, rather than only have intrinsic benefits, art galleries and the art sector generally has significant extrinsic salutary impacts in the wider society.

To highlight the socio-economic benefits of art galleries and the wider art sector, one recent country surveys are tellingly valuable. First, in a survey commissioned in 2009 by the Museums & Galleries NSW (M&G NSW), in partnership with Bathurst Regional Council, Orange City Council and Dubbo Regional Council, the Western Research Institute (WRI) determined that the council-funded cultural facilities in their local government areas (performing arts centres and venues, public art galleries, museums and heritage sites) contributed significant socio-economic values. The study examined 12 of the over 75 facilities within the cultural and economic sector of the regional NSW, It found that the facilities in Orange Orange, Bathurst and Dubbo collectively, collectively created an additional 8.5 jobs outside the cultural sector for every ten full time positions within the sector, and added over $14 million to the local economy across the region in the 2007/08 financial year (Huxley, 2010: 2).

The survey also determined that the facilities were greatly valued by the community with households across the region willing to pay over $1.1 million annually to maintain current service levels, and that they contributed positively to the people’s social capital by helping them thing differently and creatively, build trust between people, enhance their connections and develop deep spatio-temporal connection within their areas. At the same time, the survey found that the facilities helped create nearly $9 million in household income across the region annually. Additionally, they also engaged a large sector of the community via volunteer opportunities. For instance, volunteers to these facilities collectively generated $1.3 million in economic activity, 14 additional full time equivalent jobs across, and more than half a million dollars of household income across the region (Huxley, 2010: 2). Consequently, the survey concludes that the facilities had significant positive socio-economic to the region.

Implication

Collectively, art galleries, and the wider arts, cultural and creative sector plays a critical role in improving people’s lives and wellbeing. Apart from their more intrinsic benefits, the sector is a significant source of income and jobs, and produce important economic spillover effects to the broader economy. Art galleries are key driver of innovation, which is a source of creative and critical skills with strong linkage to the tourism sector and the economy in general (OECD, 2021: 2). The sector has significant social effects, from promoting local social capital and social inclusion to supporting education and health and wellbeing. Thus, to address the question, art galleries have both direct and indirect positive impact in improving people’s lives. Consequently, people should be encouraged to engage with the arts, particularly by frequenting the art galleries.

One key problem, however, regards the art gallery’s challenge of shaping power relations in the society, particularly by promoting social and class relations. Art galleries and museums can incorporate various strategies to draw wide visitations and have positive social impacts. For instance, rather than focusing only on their role as contributors to a society whose members are joined together by common cultural and historical heritage, it is important that art galleries also make artworks that unify everyone instead of engineering class and social differentiations. Similarly, art galleries should operate as community-based institutions capable of serving everyone via active participation in their daily activities, on which exhibitions have direct and significant bearing (MacClellan, 2003: 20).. Consequently, art galleries would be spaces where everyone is included, and which would instill significant levels of relevance, choice and liberty to visitors.

Therefore, it is important that art galleries review their roles in the contemporary society and reposition themselves appropriately (Hooper-Greenhill, 2000: 150). For instance, it would be important that museums offer training to all visiting children as part of a general forward planning to ensure a broader, intelligent yet real enjoyment of artworks by the future generation. That is, as democratic and democratizing institutions with a moral responsibility of educating the masses on art, museums have to emphasize their role in encouraging the masses to enjoy artworks. The primary barrier to museum involvement and participation are cultural instead of economic reasons (Bennett, 2009: 243). Thus, art galleries and museums must design their exhibitions in a manner that aligns to people’s educational needs, tastes and preferences, and learning processes and methods (Hooper-Greenhill, 2009: 19)

Generally, the contemporary art gallery has to engage in various activities and play numerous functions. It must be a place that provides connoisseurship and consumption, aesthetic contemplation and entertainment and private delectation along with public provision (Prior, 2003: 63). That is, museums must diversify their activities and resources to capture the imagination and interest of a public that is increasingly by its ever-increasing and perpetually-widening entertainments and distractions. Such a paradigm shift in its operations is necessary if it wants to continue playing its education, entertainment and enlightenment role for a growing number of curious masses.

From the discussion, the art galleries or museums are an important space within the society. They hold a special and beneficial space within the community, as the essay has shown that they improve people’s lives in diverse ways – both directly and indirectly. Regarding the extent of their impact, a befitting answer is that such cannot be quantified. However, a crucial issue that museums must address is their ability to perpetuate social and class distinction. Thus, art galleries must ensure that they carefully collect and curate their exhibitions in a manner that does not adversely shape the power relations within the society, but foster social inclusion and equality. Art galleries must provide something for everyone.

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Sample Exhibition Review

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Below you will find a sample review by a student. The student received an A- for the exhibition review grade.

The review is a short paper therefore avoid using long quotes from wall texts in the exhibition or brochures, and outside sources (which you must cite). Look carefully and use your own words to communicate what you find compelling or weak about the exhibition. Provide descriptive details to give your reader an ‘insider’s’ view of the exhibition.

Sample Exhibition Review For the exhibition review project, I went to the International Center of Photography and saw the Harper’s Bazaar: A Decade of Style exhibit. I decided to see this exhibit because I love fashion. I actually felt like a kid in a candy store. It is something I want to pursue in the future and I am really interested and I thought it would cool to see fashion in another form and perspective. When I first walked into the exhibit I was greeted by a huge sign the said “HARPER’S BAZAAR”…and it gave a brief background on the magazine, its editor and a few of the photographers that have contributed to the magazine over the years. Some of those photographers are Karl Lagerfeld, whom is the mind behind Chanel and Fendi, Peter Lindbergh, Jean-Paul Goude, David Bailey, William Klein, Patrick Demarchelier, Sølve Sundsbø, Tim Walker, Mario Sorrenti, Hiro, and Melvin Sokolsky. Many of the photos also included some designers and celebrities as well including Marc Jacobs and Lady Gaga, my favorites.

Going to the exhibit I got to look at the pictures differently. Instead of looking at them as if just flicking through a magazine, I actually paid attention to detail, the way the photo was taken, and what might be the meaning behind them. For instance in one particular photo by Nan Goldin, Marc Jacobs at the Plaza Hotel NYC, Sept 2010, when looking at the photo you feel a sense of emotion in Marc’s facial expression. The camera is focused on him sitting in a chair in his towel, with dim lighting. He looks as if he’s in deep thought and the background helps play into mood of the picture and the room. You also get a sense of personality from the picture and you can feel what he feels through the picture. I think that’s why this picture stuck out to me so much because looking at it; it just attracts you and draws you in. Another photograph that gave me that effect as well was Diane, May 2011, by Chuck Close, which was a close up picture of fashion designer Diane Von Furstenberg’s face and you can see every bit of emotion in her face because you can see everything in her face like the lines that form to make up an expression. I thought this picture was interesting because since it was a close up, they’re usually in black & white but this one was in color which made it feel real and felt like you were looking at the person and not just a picture of portrait. The object of the show was to show fashion through photographs and how to incorporate the two to come out with something wonderful. I all around enjoyed the exhibit; it was interesting and did a good job of showing incorporating fashion and photography, I just wish that the exhibit was bigger and had more to show. The International Center of Photography Museum isn’t really a big place and they had two other exhibits in the building so they had to share the space.

I also learned things that I didn’t know; I had no idea that Karl Lagerfeld was a photographer. I liked how the pictures were displayed around the room, all of the walls were covered with pictures, the two longest walls had big portrait type pictures on them and the smaller walls had pages from the actual magazine on them, and then at the corners of the room and in the middle of the floors there were glass cases that held magazines some open to certain pages and some showing just the covers. The format of the room added to the exhibit, it gave it some movement since the pictures can’t move. All of the photographs were different sizes which also added to the different shapes and styles that were portrayed in the photographs. The room also had different colors on the walls that contrasted with the colors in the photographs such as Stephanie Seymour, Feb 2002, by Patrick Demarchelier, an Andy Warhol style photo, yellow background, prominent red lips and blue eye shadow with a blue tinted shadow outlined the figure. The colors are so bright that they pop out at you as soon as you see it, that you couldn’t miss the photo at all. I really liked how this exhibit and the photographers used color, they didn’t use boring and ordinary colors, they used colors that would get you thinking and wondering why they did what they did and keep you interested.

I also think that the way the museum placed the pictures was a way to attract the visitors. Next to the big sign that gave a brief biography of the magazine was a photograph by Terry Richardson, Lady Gaga, May 2011. This photograph would attract a lot of people that walked into the exhibit because she is one of the most popular celebrities of today and she is known for her eccentric fashion sense. And this photograph didn’t disappoint, the background is all black and so is her outfit and her sky high shoes and eye make-up and her hair is a pale pink and her face has a spotlight on it, which is the highlight of the photo because it’s the first thing you see looking at it. I really like this photograph because it’s Lady Gaga and I like that the photographer used her hair and her face as the focal point of the photo; I like how they used all black as the contrast and dark make-up it gives the photograph a dramatic feel. And the pose she is giving and her shoes gives the photograph some structure because her body is at different levels, her shoes are high but one foot is kind of lifted and so is the pant leg of the shoe to give it some more height.

Some other photographs that caught my attention and I thought were interesting were by Jean-Paul Goude [Linda Evanglista, Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Goude, Stephan Gan] Dec, 2003. I love the whole concept of this picture it’s full of people in which looks like a ballroom, people on steps and then there’s Linda and Karl as the focal point of the picture right in the middle of the floor and huge pieces of confetti falling from the ceiling. It looks like a fun picture, like there was a party going on. The gleam of the confetti is what first catches your eye in the picture because the light in the room bounces right off of it. It’s also interesting because Karl is dressed in all black as usual and Linda in dressed in all white with a head piece on; there outfits don’t fit the setting of background, but it makes for a great picture. The other photos are by Tim Walker Tim Burton’s Tricks & Treats which was a play on the director Tim Burton’s movie characters. They included Edward Scissor Hands, Nightmare before Christmas, BeatleJuice (my favorite Tim Burton film) and others. The models in the photos were dressed as the character from the movie but they had a twist to them. The outfits were more up to date then the movie, but they put a great spin on recreating the characters looks. This particular group of photos made me really excited because as soon as I saw them I knew what they were supposed to be. I would recommend this exhibit to anyone who loves fashion, it allows you to see it from a different perspective and how iconic pictures can be just by how it is put together and staged.

Going to this exhibit and looking at the photos showed me how much photography has changed, from when you could only take one photo and that be the only copy or not being able to catch movements in the photos or even getting the correct color or complete figure in the photo. The exhibit space has also showed me how things have changed how photographers would have to display their work at their own homes. This exhibition contributed to my knowledge of the history of photography by showing how photography in the past has evolved and contributed to what we can do today. It showed how you can tell stories through photos and clothing and how a pose or facial expression could add to a photo and give a meaning and allows you to interpret things how you see them.

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StudyMoose. (2018). A Visit to Mark Gallery in Englewood, NJ: An Art Lovers Delight . [Online]. Available at: https://studymoose.com/art-gallery-essay [Accessed: 24 Aug. 2024]

"A Visit to Mark Gallery in Englewood, NJ: An Art Lovers Delight." StudyMoose, Oct 30, 2018. Accessed August 24, 2024. https://studymoose.com/art-gallery-essay

"A Visit to Mark Gallery in Englewood, NJ: An Art Lovers Delight," StudyMoose , 30-Oct-2018. [Online]. Available: https://studymoose.com/art-gallery-essay. [Accessed: 24-Aug-2024]

StudyMoose. (2018). A Visit to Mark Gallery in Englewood, NJ: An Art Lovers Delight . [Online]. Available at: https://studymoose.com/art-gallery-essay [Accessed: 24-Aug-2024]

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Columbia University in the City of New York

Miriam and ira d. wallach art gallery.

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Moscow: City, Spectacle, Capital of Photography

April 30–june 21, 2003.

Moscow: City, Spectacle, Capital of Photography , an exhibition of 20th-century photographs of Moscow, opens at Columbia University's Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Art Gallery on Wednesday, April 30, 2003 and remains on display through Saturday, June 21, 2003.

Moscow has been a powerful magnet for many Russian photographers of the 20th century. Moscow: City, Spectacle, Capital of Photography presents the work of 31 photographers, whose images have defined the visual experience of Moscow from the 1920s to the present. Diverse in form and strategy, the 90 photographs chosen for the exhibition trace the history of Russian documentary photography and offer insight into individual practices. From Aleksandr Rodchenko's constructivist visions and Evgenii Khaldei's humanist landscapes to Igor Moukhin's scenes of urban spectacle and alienation in the works of Russia's key 20th-century photographers, Moscow ventures beyond the expected image as a site of famous landmarks, architectural treasures and dramatic lifestyles.

Early 20th-century photographers Boris Ignatovich and Arkadii Shaikhet saw themselves in the vanguard of an emerging mass-media culture, defining with their cameras the visual experience of Soviet modernity. For nearly 70 years, Soviet photography was assigned the duty of maintaining the ideological rigidity of the Soviet State. Yet, as examples of the work of Iakov Khalip, Anatolii Egorov, Mikhail Savin, and Mark Markov-Grinberg show, Soviet photographic practices were much more complex than has been previously acknowledged. The works of these photographers remain intensely compelling to a modernist eye.

Contemporary Russian photographers, such as Lev Melikhov, Valerii Stigneev and Sergei Leontiev, engage with the legacy of the Soviet documentary photography. But for them the documentary is a complex and multivalent genre, which incorporates subjectivity, ambiguity and reflexivity and comments on social and cultural issues without losing sight of the position from which that commentary is made. In the recent photographs by Vladimir Kupriyanov, Igor Moukhin, Anna Gorunova and Pakito Infante, the "real" space of Moscow is replaced by an imaginary and optical spaces of virtuality.

The works in the exhibition are on loan from Moscow's Cultural Center Dom, and many are being shown outside Russia for the first time. In conjunction with the exhibition, the Wallach Art Gallery is publishing an illustrated catalogue with a scholarly essay by the exhibition curator, Nadia Michoustina, a Ph.D. candidate in Columbia University's Department of Slavic Languages. The essay presents a nuanced history of Russian photography of the 20th century, and contributes to an interpretation of extraordinary images.

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National Portrait Gallery Announces Winner of the 2024 Director’s Essay Prize for Scholars in the Field of Portraiture

The Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery has announced Laura Katzman, professor of art history at James Madison University, as the winner of its 2024 Director’s Essay Prize. Her essay, “Lorenzo Homar’s Cine Alba : An Intimate Portrait of North American Artists in Nineteen-Fifties Puerto Rico,” was chosen for its interdisciplinary contributions to the fields of American art, biography, history and cultural identity. The text was published in the book  La mirada en construcción: Ensayos sobre cultura visual (2022), which was edited by José Orlando Sued and René Rodríguez-Ramírez.

Founded in 2019, the Director’s Essay Prize fosters leading research in the field of visual biography and American portraiture. The 2024 prize was juried by PORTAL, the Portrait Gallery’s scholarly center. Its advisors include Martha S. Jones, the Society of Black Alumni Presidential Professor, professor of history and a professor at the SNF Agora Institute at Johns Hopkins University, and Julio Capó, associate professor of history at Florida International University.

“Laura Katzman’s original essay is a deeply researched article that explores Puerto Rican artist Lorenzo Homar’s 1952 work  Cine Alba , a fascinating portrait of five distinct North American artists,” Capó said. “In mining numerous public and private archives, Katzman unveils new understandings and an astute analysis of the work, the artist and his subjects and their lives. In so doing, she offers a nuanced reading of the work and demonstrates how it reflects key social, political and cultural moments in Puerto Rican history and, especially, its place in cultural nationalism. Katzman’s engaging, beautifully written essay is a masterwork in interdisciplinary research and analysis, and the text will serve as an excellent model for future works on portraiture.”

Katzman was the Terra Foundation Visiting Professor at the Freie Universität Berlin from 2018 to 2019 and served as a postdoctoral fellow at the Smithsonian American Art Museum’s Research and Scholars Center. An internationally recognized scholar of 20th-century documentary photography on the U.S. continent and in Puerto Rico, she curated the widely acclaimed retrospective “Ben Shahn, On Nonconformity” for the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía in Madrid (2023–2024). She is the editor of The Museum of the Old Colony: An Art Installation by Pablo Delano , principal author of Re-viewing Documentary: The Photographic Life of Louise Rosskam, and co-author of the award-winning Ben Shahn’s New York: The Photography of Modern Times . Katzman’s current research examines a post-World War II photographic archive that U.S. artists created for the Puerto Rican government at a time of profound industrial transformation in the Caribbean nation and in the context of its complex colonial relations with the United States.

“It is a great honor to be recognized by the National Portrait Gallery for my contribution to the growing body of interdisciplinary research on portraiture, revealing the genre’s capacity to deepen our understanding of complex matters such as U.S. imperial ambitions and the enduring impact of those ambitions on other cultures,” Katzman said. “The Director’s Essay Prize offers the exciting opportunity to bring wider attention to the extraordinary work of Lorenzo Homar and his collaborations with North American artists at a critical period in Cold War history—a fateful moment for Puerto Rico’s ambiguous political status, distinct cultural identities and long-standing struggles for self-determination.”

Katzman will deliver a lecture on her prize-winning essay, “Lorenzo Homar’s Cine Alba: An Intimate Portrait of North American Artists in Nineteen-Fifties Puerto Rico” Tuesday, Oct. 15, at 5:30 p.m. in the Nan Tucker McEvoy Auditorium at the National Portrait Gallery, Eighth and G Streets N.W., Washington, D.C.

The Director’s Essay Prize complements the Portrait Gallery’s Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition, a triennial juried contemporary art exhibition established in 2006. The prize is specifically dedicated to supporting the next wave of written scholarship on portraiture.    

National Portrait Gallery

The Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery tells the multifaceted story of the United States through the individuals who have shaped American culture. Spanning the visual arts, performing arts and new media, the Portrait Gallery portrays poets and presidents, visionaries and villains, actors and activists whose lives tell the nation’s story.                    

The National Portrait Gallery is located at Eighth and G streets N.W., Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Information: (202) 633-1000. Connect with the museum at npg.si.edu and on Facebook , Instagram , X and YouTube .  

Archie Moore's history-making art gifted to UK and Queensland gallery

The artwork comprises 500 piles of papers, mainly from coronial inquests into the deaths of indigenous people in police custody..

People view the work 'Kith and Kin' by artist Archie Moore, winner of the Golden Lion for Best National Participation. Credit: EPA/Andrea Merola

Archie traced his family tree back 65,000 years. It won him the world's oldest art prize

I am so grateful for this generous donation that enables kith and kin to be seen both here in Australia and overseas, in the near and distant future, Archie Moore

People's choice: Marcia Langton 'thrilled' a portrait of her wins popular vote for Archibald prize

Portraits of Elders are illuminating billboards in North Queensland

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