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PhD Student

Job category: phd student.

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PhD in evo devo lab studying millipede tracheal patterning Full-time NEW

Summary A 4-year PhD fellowship is available at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, to develop the garden millipede, Oxidus gracilis, into the first lab-tractable myriapod model species…

PhD and MSc position at the Faculty of Biology, Technion Full-time NEW

Join the Faculty of Biology at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology The Technion, located in Haifa, Israel, is a world-renowned institution known for its excellence in science and…

PhD studentships in liver development and regeneration Full-time

The Ober group is looking for two talented and highly motivated PhD students in an exciting multidisciplinary project investigating the assembly of the intricate liver architecture in development and during…

PhD position in Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry Part-time

Workplace: Institute of Plant Molecular Biology Department: Plant biophysics and biochemistry Employment relationship: Employment contract Job type: Researcher Researcher profile: R1 Duration: Fixed-term Job status: Part-time Job starting date: 1….

EUROPE: 17 PhD positions in MSCA DN project INCITE Full-time

Seventeen PhD positions are available in the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Doctoral Training Network “INCITE– Insect Clock Initial Training Experience” in countries such as Czech Republic, Germany, France, The Netherlands, Spain, Italy,…

PhD students in the Laboratory of Chronobiology within the Horizon Europe Full-time

Laboratory of Chronobiology is looking for two motivated PhD students to join the lab under the Horizon Europe call MSC DN. Workplace: Institute of Entomology Employment relationship: Employment contract Job…

PhD position in Quantitative Ecology at the University of Kentucky Full-time

The Quantitative Population Ecology group in the Department of Biology at the University of Kentucky is recruiting a PhD student for Fall 2025. Current research projects in the group include,…

2 x PhD / Doctoral position in Biomedical Data Sciences & Bioinformatics Part-time

The start date is as early as possible / November 1st, 2024 (or by agreement). The University of Konstanz is one of the eleven Excellence Universities in Germany. Since 2007…

PhD position (Jan 2025) – Optical metasurfaces for infrared spectroscopy Full-time

About the project: Infrared (IR) spectroscopy reveals nearly all chemical/biological substances through identification of their unique vibrational absorption signatures (molecular fingerprints)—essential for biomedical diagnostics, remote sensing and environmental monitoring. Unfortunately, IR…

PhD Student Position: Drug Development for Parkinson’s Disease Full-time

PhD Student Position: Drug Development for Parkinson’s Disease The Brodski Lab: Our lab investigates the molecular mechanisms controlling the development, survival, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, aiming to leverage our…

PhD position – Cardiovascular/Cardiometabolic Immunology Full-time

We are seeking driven, highly motivated individuals to fill a Ph.D. student position in cardiovascular/cardiometabolic immunology in the research group of Prof. Christian Schulz and Dr. Lukas Tomas at the…

Laboratory Technician Full-time

Are you a hands-on enthusiast with a passion for lasers? Do you want to be part of our innovative team and contribute to the future of cutting-edge technology in the…

Fully Financed PhD positions Full-time

The Max Planck School of Cognition invites applications from exceedingly bright students with strong academic experience in areas related to cognition such as artificial intelligence, biology, (cognitive) neuroscience, genetics, linguistics,…

Neuronal Proteostasis Full-time

I am looking for a motivated PhD student for working on a project based in a pioneer technique that allows the purification and identification of newly synthesized proteins from specific…

Graduate Student – Reproductive physiology Full-time

The Templeman Lab is currently recruiting a new M.Sc. or Ph.D. student to join our lab in January or September of 2025. We are part of the Biology Department at…

Junior researcher/PhD position (0,5–1 FTE) – Modelling dietary scenarios using global multi-regional IO framework (focus on reducing carbon, land and eutrophication footprints) Full-time

The Charles University Environment Centre is seeking a motivated Junior Researcher to join our research team. This role is focusing on modelling dietary scenarios to meet planetary boundaries from consumption…

Fully Funded PhD Positions at the IMPRS for Molecules of Life, Munich Full-time

The International Max Planck Research School for Molecules of Life (IMPRS-ML) offers fully funded PhD student positions in the areas of biochemistry, structural biology, biophysics, cell biology, systems biology, and…

Funded PhD – Catalysis for Renewable Feedstock Valorisation Full-time

Funded PhD positions at the University of Limerick at Dr. Bar Mosevitzky Lis’s SURFCE Group in the Department of Chemical Sciences. Chemicals synthesised from renewable energies via electrolysis tend to…

PhD Student Position in Plant Developmental Biology Full-time

The Scarpella Lab in the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta is seeking a motivated Ph.D. student with an interest in plant development. The selected student will…

PhD position: Dynamics of a robot swarm Full-time

FPI grant associated with project PID2023-146422NB-I00 “Dynamics of many particle systems: from passive grains to macroscopic active matter”. Funded by: Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento 2023 (Spanish Goverment).We are offering…

PhD position (f/m/d) in Pediatric Cancer Initiation Full-time

Are you looking for a PhD project that will combine the cutting-edge human stem cells models, stem cell engineering and multi-omic approaches?In our group we have all of this and…

PhD Positions (f/m/x) in Data Science Full-time

PhD Positions (f/m/x) in Data Science The Munich School for Data Science (MUDS) is a joint initiative of Helmholtz Munich (HMGU), Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), and the…

PhD Positions in AI Hardware / IC Design / 3-D Chip Full-time

Memory-Centric Computing, Heterogeneous Integration, Software/Hardware Co-Design for Embedded AI   The Intelligent Computing Architecture and Nanosystem (ICAN) Group at UC Riverside is recruiting multiple fully funded Ph.D. students for Spring…

Industrial Ph.D. fellowship – on computer simulation (Float-Zone) Full-time

Industrial Ph.D. fellowship – on computer simulation of process instabilities in Float-Zone crystal growth Location: Institute of Crystal Growth (Berlin) app. 75% of the time & Topsil GlobalWafers A/S (Frederikssund)…

12 fully funded PhD positions: Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research Full-time

The Cologne Graduate School of Ageing Research (CGA) in Germany is a joint venture of the University of Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), the University…

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PhD Candidate vs Student: What’s the Difference?

Many people use the terms “PhD student” and “PhD candidate” interchangeably. However, these terms actually mean something quite different, including a different status level at universities.

We’re here to define the differences between a PhD candidate vs student, as well as other essential information, before you continue your educational journey.

Table of Contents

What I s a PhD student?

A doctoral student is anyone who is enrolled in a doctorate degree, also referred to as a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) program. PhD students are typically required to complete a certain number of course credits and sit qualifying exams. Next, they can move on to conduct research and present it in the form of a dissertation.

A PhD is centered around self-directed research and possibly teaching/running tutorials, but they typically also involve a substantial amount of coursework and require attending classes, either online or in person.

Unlike candidates, PhD students are in the process of completing the required coursework for the degree. They haven’t passed the relevant qualifying exams yet.

What Is a PhD Candidate?

A PhD candidate has completed the required coursework and passed the qualifying exams for their doctorate program. They are currently working on their dissertation.

Most PhD students need to go through an application process  and show they meet certain requirements such as a relevant master’s degree . To become a PhD candidate, doctoral students need to pass an internal application process, typically involving a set of exams.

This stage involves significant research usually in innovative areas and incorporating this into a dissertation (this stage is sometimes referred to as “all but dissertation” [ABD]), as they’ve completed all other aspects of the program and satisfied these requirements. To complete their doctoral journey, a PhD candidate must defend their dissertation. Once they’ve successfully done this, they will be awarded their degree and move from PhD candidate to doctor of their chosen field.

PhD Candidate vs Student: 6 Key Differences

There are a number of key differences between a PhD student vs PhD candidate, from their status to the structure and nature of study.

Note: Some universities have recently started adopting hybrid approaches (where there is no clear difference between PhD students and PhD candidates). These programs don’t involve any qualifying exams and students typically begin the dissertation as part of their coursework. Most schools, however, continue with the traditional distinction between a PhD candidate and PhD student.

1. Program Stage

A PhD student could be at any stage of the doctoral program . Coursework still needs to be completed and qualifying exams must be passed. Students may be in the initial stage of the program or about to complete the coursework (before beginning their research).

On the other hand, a PhD candidate has completed all coursework and has at least started their research. They may have completed their dissertation and are preparing to defend it.

2. Research Progress

A PhD student may not have selected their research topic or settled on a particular research question. A candidate’s research is in progress and they should already have a clear research question.

3. Relationship with Advisors

A PhD student may not yet have an advisor. A candidate has an established working relationship with their advisor and works closely with them to complete their research and dissertation.

4. Level of Support

Although they work closely with an advisor, a PhD candidate is generally expected to work more independently than a student enrolled in a doctoral student. Once candidates reach this stage of their doctorate, they typically won’t receive as much direction or supervision.

5. Flexibility and Structure

Understandably, PhD candidates have more freedom and flexibility in their work. Most candidates choose their area of research, as well as the methods used to conduct their work. As part of their coursework, PhD students usually have to work within a set structure (e.g., completing core subjects, meeting deadlines).

Being a PhD candidate comes with a certain degree of status. If they’ve demonstrated a degree of expertise through completing qualifying exams, candidates can put the letters PhD(c) after their name.

Tips for PhD Candidates

A PhD is an advanced degree designed to demonstrate expertise in a given field, as well as high-level skills and abilities in various areas (including research and writing). As such, earning a doctorate can be a challenging process.

The following tips for doctoral candidates will help you put your best foot forward and set yourself up for success.

Stay Organized

Because PhD candidates have to balance many competing priorities, organization is essential. Using organizational tools such as calendars,  note-taking apps , and project management software can help you keep track of deadlines and meet your targets.

Focus on Your Research

PhD candidates likely have busy schedules with plenty of demands (such as teaching commitments and crafting a dissertation). As it’s the backbone of any doctoral program, be sure to prioritize this part of your work and monitor progress to stay on track.

Actively Seek Out Feedback

Because PhD candidates often work independently, there’s a risk of feeling isolated. Ask your advisors, mentors, and fellow candidates for feedback and advice. This will help ensure that you’re considering all aspects of your research question and multiple solutions, rather than focusing too intensely on a single area.

Take Advantage of Networking Opportunities

Networking is one of the biggest benefits for PhD candidates, so take full advantage of these events. Use this time to build a strong network of professors, advisors, fellow candidates, and other professionals you meet at conferences and events.

Take Care of Yourself

A PhD program can be taxing, and it’s easy for your mental and physical health to take a backseat. Make sure you exercise, eat well, and get enough sleep . Remember: Resting and recharging is crucial for working on your dissertation.

How Long Is a Typical PhD Candidacy?

Most PhD students require 1-2 years to complete their coursework and pass their qualifying exams. However, the length of a PhD candidacy is much more open. In most cases, programs take between two and five years, depending on:

• the complexity of the field of research
• the candidate’s other commitments, such as teaching load
• other abilities, such as a candidate’s level of organization.

Once a PhD candidate has completed their dissertation, they have to defend it successfully before a panel of faculty members before they can earn their doctorate degree. This process of defending a PhD dissertation can take several months.

Some universities specify a maximum length for PhD candidacy duration. For example, Carnegie Mellon University limits this to six years .

Benefits of Being a PhD Candidate

Being a PhD candidate can be rewarding for several reasons:

1. Research Opportunities

You’ll be exposed to vast research opportunities in your field. You may contribute to valuable discoveries while developing advanced knowledge and skills.

2. Networking

Through your PhD candidacy, you’ll also be in a great position to build gain a stronger network of fellow professionals.

3. Critical Thinking

A PhD candidacy can help you develop high intellectual independence and critical thinking skills.

4. Career Opportunitie s

A PhD is an advanced degree that allows you to build a rewarding career in the academic, government, and private sectors. PhD-holders can also expect to earn more than other graduates and are most likely to find a job.

5. Salaries

According to Northeastern University , professionals with a doctorate degree earn an average annual salary of $99,290 on average (and much more for the highest-paid PhDs ) and have a 1.5% unemployment rate. For master’s degree holders, the average annual salary is $81,867 average annual salary and a 2.6% unemployment rate.

6. Personal Fulfillment

Being a PhD candidate can help you pursue your passions. This advanced qualification will allow you to become a specialist in your chosen field, allowing you to hone in on the exact subject thatl fulfills you the most.

Qualifying Exams to Become a PhD Candidate

While requirements vary by program, to become a PhD candidate, most students will need to pass a set of exams. These will test students’ knowledge in the field, measure their research skills, and ensure they’re ready to start their dissertation research.

Traditionally, qualifying exams for PhD candidates involved a written test and an oral exam. These will cover a range of topics related to your field of study, with the oral component designed to demonstrate your level of understanding.

Some universities have recently started to issue doctoral students with a set of questions and have them submit the answers within a set timeframe (usually around two weeks). Other schools ask prospective doctoral candidates to submit a dissertation proposal instead of an exam.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a phd candidate be called a doctor.

In most cases, a doctoral candidate cannot be called a doctor until after they successfully defend their dissertation and receive their doctorate.

Can I Put ‘PhD Candidate’ after My Name?

Once you’ve passed qualifying exams and embarked on dissertation research, you’re technically entitled to put “PhD candidate” or “PhD (c)” after your name. However, this is uncommon and not always recommended. It is generally more acceptable to mention that you are pursuing a doctorate (along with the field of research and university) or that you expect to complete your PhD in a certain year (on your CV and online profiles).

How Long Can You Be a PhD Candidate?

There isn’t a set length of time that a person can be a PhD candidate. The length of candidacy depends on a range of factors, including the subject of research and program requirements. Most PhD candidates complete this phase in around 3-5 years (where some university programs have set limits).

Do PhD Students Take Classes?

Yes, most PhD students must take classes and complete coursework as part of the first 1-2 years of their doctorate program. Once they’ve completed this coursework and passed qualifying exams, they move on to work on their research dissertation. At this stage, they’ll be considered a PhD candidate.

Key Takeaways

Now that you know the differences between PhD candidates vs. students, you’ve got a deeper understanding of how to obtain a doctorate. However you slice it, both will help you build your knowledge and skills to become an expert in your field.

However the program is structured, a PhD is a highly valuable degree that allows you to become a high-level professional and build a successful career.

If you know a PhD candidate who’s celebrating their accomplishments soon? Take a look at this guide to the best PhD graduation gifts .

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Lisa Marlin

Lisa is a full-time writer specializing in career advice, further education, and personal development. She works from all over the world, and when not writing you'll find her hiking, practicing yoga, or enjoying a glass of Malbec.

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What is the Difference Between a PhD Candidate and a PhD Student?

Pursuing a doctoral degree is a significant academic achievement that requires years of dedicated study, research, and intellectual rigour. Within the realm of doctoral studies, the terms ‘PhD candidate’ and ‘PhD student’ are commonly used, often interchangeably. However, a closer examination reveals that there are nuanced differences between these two designations. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for both prospective doctoral students and those seeking to comprehend the various stages of the doctoral journey.

In this article, we delve into the disparity between a PhD candidate and a PhD student, shedding light on the roles, responsibilities, and progression associated with each stage. We explore the specific criteria that differentiate a student from a candidate and the various milestones marking the transition. Additionally, we delve into the responsibilities and expectations that accompany each designation, illuminating the unique experiences and commitments faced by PhD candidates and students.

Furthermore, we acknowledge the variability in terminology across international boundaries, academic institutions, and disciplinary fields, providing insights into how different contexts might influence the usage of these terms. By the end, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of the contrasting aspects between a PhD candidate and a PhD student, facilitating informed conversations and a deeper appreciation for the intricate nature of doctoral education.

Introduction

Who is a phd student, when phd student attains status of phd candidate, variation in terminology.

Pursuing a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) degree involves conducting original research in a specific field of study, making a significant contribution to knowledge, and demonstrating a high level of expertise. It is the highest academic qualification one can attain and is highly valued in academia, research institutions, and certain industries. A PhD signifies a deep understanding of a subject area, advanced analytical and critical thinking skills, and the ability to conduct independent research.

While the terms “PhD candidate” and “PhD student” are often used interchangeably, there are subtle differences between the two.

A PhD student typically refers to an individual who has been admitted to a doctoral program, actively engaging in coursework and other program requirements. They are in the early stages of their doctoral journey and are working towards completing the necessary academic components of their degree. On the other hand, a PhD candidate is typically someone who has progressed beyond the coursework stage and has advanced to the research phase of their program. They have usually completed comprehensive exams, passed a research proposal defense, and are actively engaged in independent research for their dissertation or thesis.

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the distinction between a PhD candidate and a PhD student. By exploring the criteria, milestones, and responsibilities associated with each designation, this article aims to clarify the unique experiences and progression of doctoral students. It also seeks to address the varying terminology used across different contexts and disciplines, enabling readers to grasp the intricacies of the doctoral journey and fostering informed discussions around this topic.

Through this article, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the journey from being a PhD student to becoming a PhD candidate and the distinct roles and responsibilities associated with each stage.

A PhD student is an individual who has been admitted to a doctoral program and is actively engaged in pursuing their doctoral studies. They are at the initial stages of their doctoral journey, seeking to expand their knowledge, skills, and expertise in a specific field of study. PhD students play a vital role in academic research communities as they contribute to the generation of new knowledge and the advancement of their discipline.

PhD students are required to complete a set of coursework specific to their field of study. These courses are designed to provide a foundation in the discipline, enhance research skills, and broaden the student’s understanding of relevant theories and methodologies. Coursework may include seminars, advanced classes, and specialized topics. The specific coursework requirements can vary between programs and disciplines.

Example: Imagine a student named Alex who has just been accepted into a doctoral program in psychology. At this stage, Alex is considered a PhD student as they begin taking relevant coursework, attending seminars, and collaborating with faculty members. They are laying the foundation for their research and acquiring the necessary knowledge in their field.

Who is a PhD Candidate?

Advancement from being a PhD student to a PhD candidate typically involves meeting specific requirements set by the doctoral program. These requirements may vary depending on the institution and field of study but often include successful completion of coursework, exams, and other program-specific milestones.

One of the primary requirements for transitioning to a PhD candidate is the successful completion of coursework and exams. PhD students are expected to complete a designated set of courses, which provide a broad understanding of their field and research methodologies. They are also required to pass comprehensive exams, which assess their comprehensive knowledge and understanding of their research area.

As part of the transition to becoming a PhD candidate, students typically prepare and defend a research proposal. The research proposal outlines the scope, objectives, methodology, and significance of the intended research. The proposal defense may involve presenting the proposal to a committee of faculty members, who evaluate its feasibility, rigour, and contribution to the field. Additionally, PhD students often have to pass comprehensive exams, which test their knowledge of their research area and related disciplines.

If you are not familiar with writing PhD proposal and making PhD proposal presentation, then visit my articles on “ How to Write PhD Proposal Presentation to the University ” and ” How to Make a PhD Proposal Presentation to the University Panel” . These articles will guide you through the process of preparation and presentation of PhD proposal to the University panel.

Upon successful completion of the requirements, PhD students are often granted candidacy status. Advancement to candidacy signifies that the student has demonstrated the necessary knowledge, skills, and potential to conduct independent research and contribute to their field. This status allows students to focus more exclusively on their research and dissertation work.

Once students become PhD candidates, there is a shift towards an increased emphasis on independent research. They are expected to dedicate a significant portion of their time and effort to conducting original research, collecting data, analyzing results, and making novel contributions to their field. The focus is primarily on their dissertation or thesis work, which serves as the culmination of their doctoral studies.

Example: Let’s consider a PhD student named Alex in the field of computer science. After completing their coursework and passing comprehensive exams, Alex develops a research proposal outlining their intention to investigate the applications of machine learning in cybersecurity. They present the proposal to a committee of faculty members, who assess the feasibility and potential impact of the research.

Alex successfully defends their research proposal and is granted candidacy status, transitioning from a PhD student to a PhD candidate. With candidacy status, Alex’s focus shifts towards conducting independent research. They spend considerable time collecting and analyzing cybersecurity datasets, developing and refining machine learning algorithms, and testing their effectiveness in detecting and preventing cyber threats.

As a PhD candidate, Alex works closely with their advisor, regularly discussing research progress, seeking guidance, and receiving feedback. They collaborate with other researchers in the field, attend conferences to present their findings and contribute to the scholarly community through publications. The focus is now on producing an original and significant contribution to the field of computer science through their dissertation.

The transition to PhD candidacy marks a critical stage in the doctoral journey, as it signifies the ability to independently drive research and make scholarly contributions. PhD candidates like Alex are immersed in the world of research, expanding knowledge, and pushing the boundaries of their field.

Terminology related to PhD candidates and PhD students can vary internationally and among different academic institutions. In some countries, the terms “PhD candidate” and “PhD student” may be used interchangeably, while in others, there may be specific distinctions. For example, in the United States, “PhD student” is commonly used, while in the United Kingdom, “PhD candidate” is more frequently employed. Additionally, different universities or institutions may have their own terminology preferences, which can create further variation.

Terminology can also vary based on the disciplinary field of study. Different academic disciplines have their own conventions and terminology for referring to individuals pursuing a doctoral degree. For instance, in the sciences, one might encounter terms like “graduate researcher” or “doctoral candidate.” In the humanities and social sciences, the terms “PhD candidate” and “PhD student” are often used. This variation reflects the specific linguistic and cultural norms within different academic domains.

In Canada, for instance, doctoral students are commonly referred to as “PhD candidates,” regardless of their stage in the program. In Australia, “PhD candidate” is the preferred term for those who have completed the required coursework and have advanced to the research phase. In contrast, in the United States, “PhD student” is frequently used to refer to individuals at all stages of their doctoral studies.

Disciplinary variations can also be observed. In engineering, individuals pursuing a doctoral degree are often referred to as “PhD students” or “doctoral students.” In contrast, in the field of education, the term “PhD candidate” is commonly used to denote those who have advanced to the research and dissertation stage.

It is important to note that these examples represent general trends, and there can still be variation within specific institutions and programs. The usage of terminology can evolve over time and may be influenced by regional or institutional preferences.

The distinction between a PhD candidate and a PhD student holds significant importance in the realm of doctoral education.

While these terms are often used interchangeably, they represent different stages and responsibilities within the doctoral journey. A PhD student is in the initial stages of their program, actively engaging in coursework, research, and academic requirements.

On the other hand, a PhD candidate has advanced beyond coursework, passed comprehensive exams, and is focused primarily on independent research and the completion of their dissertation.

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116 PhD jobs in The Netherlands

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• PhD positions in Eindhoven (47)
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PhD position: Development of a work-place curriculum for the efficient training of heat pump installers

Job descriptionThis project aims at effective up- and reskilling of heat pump installers through the  development of a technology-enhanced workplace learning curriculum. The ideal candidate should ...

PhD Reconfigurable metasurfaces for Radar Cross Section (RCS) control

PhD Research Project "Reconfigurable metasurfaces for Radar Cross Section (RCS) control" Promoter: Prof. dr. G. Gerini (TU/e Electromagnetics Group – TNO Optics Department)Position PhD-studentIrène Curie Fellowship NoDepartment(s) Electrical Engin...

PhD position (f/m/d): Large-scale weather effects in wind farm simulations

Job descriptionThis PhD project is part of the ERC Consolidator Grant project WINDFLOW, which strives to develop groundbreaking large-eddy simulation strategies for wind farm flows. Joining our tea...

PhD on hardware design of RDC for Electric Vehicle Fast Chargers (E2GO DC1)

Position PhD-studentIrène Curie Fellowship NoDepartment(s) Electrical EngineeringFTE 1,0Date off 01/09/2024Reference number V36.7646Job descriptionResearch Programme Description“E2GO– Cost-reduction of EV fast-charging station to enable large-scal...

PhD Position: Role of User Feedback and Introspection Mechanisms in the Context of Neurotechnological Systems

Employment 1.0 FTEGross monthly salary € 2,770 - € 3,539Required background Research University DegreeOrganizational unit Faculty of Social SciencesApplication deadline 12 September 2024Are you passionate about leveraging machine learning techniqu...

PhD position (f/m/d): Large-scale impact of wind farms on atmospheric flow

Job descriptionThis PhD project is part of the ERC Consolidator Grant project WINDFLOW, which strives to develop groundbreaking large-eddy simulation strategies for wind farm flows. Your research w...

PhD Position: Priming Plant-Soil Microbiota Interactions

Employment 0.8 - 1.0 FTEGross monthly salary € 2,770 - € 3,539Required background Research University DegreeOrganizational unit Faculty of ScienceApplication deadline 06 October 2024Are you eager to learn how soil microbiota protect plants from dr...

PhD Position: Condensed Matter Research in High Magnetic Fields with Intense THz Radiation

Employment 0.8 - 1.0 FTEGross monthly salary € 2,770 - € 3,539Required background Research University DegreeOrganizational unit Faculty of ScienceApplication deadline 29 September 2024Are you passionate about experimental condensed matter physics?...

PhD position (f/m/d): Pioneering simulations of offshore wind farm turbulence

Job descriptionWe are looking for a motivated PhD candidate to delve into flow dynamics in offshore wind farms, developing novel computer simulations. As the scale of wind turbines and farms expand...

PhD on Foundation Models for Embedded and Embodied AI in Autonomous Driving

Position PhD-studentIrène Curie Fellowship NoDepartment(s) Mathematics and Computer ScienceFTE 1,0Date off 23/09/2024Reference number V32.7703Job descriptionWe are seeking to fill a PhD position in the Data and Artificial Intelligence Cluster, wit...

PhD on Generative AI (KG-enhanced LLMs)

Are you eager to work on a combination of Large Language Models (LLMs) with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) to create trustworthy conversational AI? Do you want to have an impact on the world’s supplier to the semiconductor industry (ASML)?Position PhD-stu...

PhD Candidate: Computer Security and Privacy: Online Privacy and Digital Rights

Employment 1.0 FTEGross monthly salary € 2,770 - € 3,539Required background Research University DegreeOrganizational unit Faculty of ScienceApplication deadline 29 September 2024Are you passionate about improving the digital landscape and protecti...

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PhD on Innovation pathways for off-shore wind energy integration

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PhD candidate vs PhD student

I see researchers working on their PhD calling themselves PhD Candidates, other call themselves PhD students. What's the difference between a PhD Candidate and a PhD Student?

According to two posters on the WordReferences forums :

This terms vary from university to university, usually a PhD student is granted the candidate status after completion of a “comprehensive examination”, which occurs sometime after the first year.

Here in the U.S., a “Ph.D. Candidate” is a student who has completed all of the academic requirements for their degree, except their dissertation.

So this works in the USA and Canada I presume, because they have structured PhD programs where you attend courses as part of your PhD. Unlike most of the universities in Europe where a PhD student starts off directly with his/her PhD thesis. (Europe does have structured programs as well, but they are not as widely spread yet).

• terminology

• 37 Every department is different. –  JeffE Commented Jul 5, 2013 at 14:56

10 Answers 10

In some countries (e.g. The Netherlands where I obtained my PhD degree) you are not considered a student but a paid employee (staff) with the university. To discern between these, people sometimes translate their status to English using term "PhD candidate". Btw, this has nothing to do with the length of the program or your progress.

• 4 It is also good to note that the salary a Dutch PhD receives is competitive with entry level jobs at say a consultancy or programming company, assuming of course there is funding to begin with. –  Paul Hiemstra Commented Jul 10, 2013 at 12:05
• 5 @PaulHiemstra broadly speaking :) I would say there is at least a 500 euro gap. Especially after four years, the PhD salary is considerably below what a programmer or consultant with 4 years experience could expect. It's the same general range, but I wouldn't call it competitive. –  Peter Bloem Commented May 1, 2014 at 14:54
• 12 @Peter The pay and working conditions are certainly near the top of the scale when you compare it to what PhD students in other countries get. –  Moriarty Commented May 1, 2014 at 16:20
• @Peter, here in Brazil this gap varies a lot. A trainee in a small company usually makes less than a PhD student\candidate. So small companies rarely get the brightest people. OTOH, big companies easily pay entry salaries equivalent to the double of what a PhD candidate makes (triple if the applicant is a good interviewer). And excluding the IT field, the extra income from 4 years of experience is negligible. So it all depends of vacancies on the big companies of your city. –  Lucas Soares Commented Oct 30, 2014 at 15:10
• 1 There is also a political component to it, because there are some politicians who want to change the status of PhD candidates from being an employee to being a receiver of a grant. Therefore, when I was still doing my PhD, I was emphasizing a lot that I was not a student, and I tell that to the current PhD candidates as well. –  damian Commented Aug 31, 2015 at 15:14

To expand on what JeffE said – "Every department is different.", here's an example from my university (a top UC school):

The math department is pretty rigorous and the "candidacy exam" is mostly a blackboard and chalk routine. They throw a bunch of stuff at you, poke holes in your proposal, make you sweat epsilons and deltas from all your pores before declaring you a "candidate".

The life/physical sciences departments require you to have a 20-30 page written proposal + a presentation on it + preliminary results (usually at least 1 journal paper) and your committee members grill you on the proposal.

In ECE/CS (applied, not theoretical), the labs/PIs are generally quite rigorous themselves and by the time a student is ready to take the candidacy exam, they've had at least 2 first author publications and 3-4 conference publications. At this point, their course is pretty set and the committee members don't generally feel like they need to say/do much (unless if there are serious flaws hitherto unnoticed). As such, the candidacy exam is more of a formality — no 30 page proposals (who reads them anyway?); just a presentation on the papers already published + future work remaining.

The bottom line from all this is — there are no standard rules/definitions/process involved in becoming a "PhD candidate". All it usually means is that "This person has shown an understanding of the fundamental concepts (on the day of testing), their proposal/work done is original and has potential and they've completed all course work/other requirements except for their thesis".

In Australia, (at least at my university), you start off as a 'Provisional Candidate'.

Then you complete a Dissertation Proposal - where you present a 20 or so page preliminary report and present it as a seminar to a group of peers - once passed, you receive a 'Confirmation of Candidature' then you proceed to complete the thesis as a 'Confirmed Candidate'.

This is usually done within the first 1-2 years of the PhD course.

• 14 "Provisonal candidate"? I'd have preferred "Candidate candidate" –  Federico Poloni Commented Jul 5, 2013 at 16:00
• 2 @FedericoPoloni well, that is what we're called before the Dissertation Proposal. –  user7130 Commented Jul 5, 2013 at 21:16
• This is very similar to my experience in Switzerland. –  DarioP Commented Jun 22, 2015 at 8:33

What's the difference between a PhD Candidate and a PhD Student?

To someone outside your department, there is very little difference since people (i.e., prospective employers) just don't care about the terms. they want to know what you have accomplished so far.

To someone in a finite duration PhD (e.g., a "typical" 3-year UK PhD program), there is very little difference. It is simpler to just list your year.

To someone in a indeterminate length PhD (e.g., a "typical" US PhD program), it provides a nice milestone.

As other have said, the requirements to achieve candidacy vary widely between countries, universities, and even departments. That said, I think it is nearly universal (and that is going out on a huge limb in academia) that candidacy implies that the next "evaluation" will be on your thesis and apart from time limits or extraordinary circumstances that as long as you are willing to pay your tuition and fees the department will let you be a PhD Candidate.

At my institution (in the U.S.A.), you are considered a PhD student until you pass your qualifying exams. After passing, you are considered a PhD candidate.

The qualifying exam is usually taken around 2 years in the program, or after you have completed any required or recommended coursework. It consists of a written exam, which can be one or more questions from each of your committee members. The written exam at my institution is left up to the committee members discretion (the major adviser in reality), it can be open or closed book, very detailed, or more theoretical, 24 hour time period or maybe 1 month, even proctored by the committee member. The oral examination can also be anything. Committee members can ask very detailed questions or more theoretical questions. Preparing for the oral exam can be difficult, especially if you have members from other departments and backgrounds. For example, I have a Soil Scientist, Biologist, Fire Ecologist, Landscape Modeler, and Remote Sensing Specialist on my committee. They all asked very different question specific to their fields.

Three of my written exams consisted of about 8 questions and I was given 8 hours to complete. It was open book and not proctored. I took the exam from home. One exam was 12 questions and I was given a month (yes I sweated for a month!). They all asked very broad questions for the written exam to figure out which areas I had a solid understanding in, and which areas I needed improvement. The oral exam was basically 4 PhD's questioning (read interrogating!) me. They started with a few easy questions, but then asked more difficult questions from the areas I was not as knowledgeable in.

I think Jaap's reply is pretty much spot on, i.e. paid staff (as in the Netherlands, Germany...) vs. student status (as in the UK, for example).

Personally, I prefer "PhD candidate" because people here are massively prejudiced against "students" (young, irresponsible, constantly partying...) despite the fact that I'm officially registered as a student rather than staff.

Just to make it clear that people are not obliged to use one thing or the other.

• Do you have qualifying exams? –  derelict Commented May 1, 2014 at 17:14

It can be different depend on region, country, university or even department.

In my department in a university in Taiwan, we need to finish all required credit course and submit one international journal as milestone to be qualified as PhD Candidate.

At the university I attended in the UK, one was considered to be on provisional status until passing the viva, which was not only an oral "interview" but also included a thorough review of all research completed at that point, a 20,000 word critical paper, and a detailed thesis plan. After that point, the successful student was advanced to candidacy, while the unsuccessful student was awarded an M.Phil.and dismissed from the program. This procedure was standardized throughout the university graduate school regardless of department. For candidates, the only obstacle left was the defense of the thesis.

PhD students should complete all the coursework before becoming PhD Candidate. After completing all the coursework, PhD students have to pass the comprehensive written exam (and comprehensive oral exam) to become PhD Candidate. The amount of rigor of comprehensive exam depends on department to department. Some department requires that you pass the comprehensive exam on all the four (or five) seminar areas plus the methods that you have taken. Others require that you declare your major area and pass the comprehensive area on only that major area plus the methods. Department may also require you to come up with a framework for your dissertation topic before they grant you the candidacy status. Again, the variation exists between department in how they grant the candidacy. Once your status change from PhD Student to PhD Candidate, you are no longer required to take courseworks. However, you should be enrolled in the pre-dissertation and dissertation hours (normally 24 hrs; 6 hours per semester to maintain full-time status) to continue your dissertation. You work with your dissertation chair and committee after comprehensive exam. PhD candidate are also called Doctoral candidate, and ABD - All But Dissertation.

• 4 PhD students should complete all the coursework before becoming PhD Candidate - this is not generally true (i.e., not in all fields/all departments). –  ff524 Commented Aug 18, 2014 at 13:36
• 3 I downvoted this for being specific to a very limited area without specifying that area or even mentioning this fact. –  Tobias Kildetoft Commented Aug 18, 2014 at 15:19

When you see PhD CANDIDATE think he/she is a CANDIDATE for a job in their field.

Versus PhD student they are still a student learning their field of study.

In Texas public University you are a candidate when you pass all of your doctoral exams. Usually at this point you have already completed all of your course work. You are wrapping up your research projects, writing papers to be published, writing dissertation and looking for a job.

-Nick, Chemistry PhD candidate

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Found 63 jobs

13 phd positions at heidelberg university.

• Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg (DE) and Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg (DE)
• Attractive remuneration
• Medical Faculties Mannheim & Heidelberg and DKFZ, Germany

GRK2727/1 – InCheck Innate Immune Checkpoints in Cancer and Tissue Damage

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Postdoc/PhD opportunity – Receptor Pharmacology of Opioid Peptides

• Vienna (AT)
• Payment will be based on the Collective Agreement for University employee or FWF salary agreement.
• Medical University of Vienna

Join us at MedUni Vienna to explore the pharmacology of circular and stapled peptide therapeutics targetting the κ-opioid receptor in the periphery.

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ATLAS - Joint PhD Program from BioNTech and TRON with a focus on translational medicine 

• Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz (DE)
• Fully funded PhD positions
• Translational Oncology (TRON) Mainz

5 PhD positions for ATLAS, the joint PhD Program from BioNTech and TRON with a focus on translational medicine.

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• 13 days ago
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Scientist / Postdoc (m/f/d): Analysis of Microscopic BIOMedical Images (AMBIOM)

• Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen (DE)
• Competitive
• Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V.

A new project area in the institute is the development of artificial intelligence (AI)

View details Scientist / Postdoc (m/f/d): Analysis of Microscopic BIOMedical Images (AMBIOM)

• 18 days ago
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PhD Candidate (m/f/d): Analysis of Microscopic BIOMedical Images (AMBIOM)

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PhD in Theoretical (Bio-)Physics: Physics & chemistry in plant adaptation

• Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen (DE)
• 65% TV-L E13 public tariff level
• Heinrich Heine University - CCB

PhD in Theoretical (Bio-)Physics: Physics & chemistry in plant adaptation Join the pioneering team at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf as we em...

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• 31 days ago
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PhD candidate in quantum Monte Carlo methods

• Luxembourg (Canton), Luxembourg
• University of Luxembourg

About the FSTMThe University of Luxembourg is an international research university with a distinctly multilingual and interdisciplinary character.The

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PhD Fellowship to Study Metabolic Control of Genome Integrity and DNA Replication in Early Develo...

• Odense, Fyn (DK)
• University of Southern Denmark (SDU)

We seek two highly motivated PhD students with strong background in molecular and cell biology and prime interest in cell cycle

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Postdoctoral Researcher - Downstream Protein Analysis , 1 FTE, School of Natural Sciences, 010598

• Galway (City), Connacht (IE)
• University of Galway (NUI Galway)

Applications are invited from suitably qualified candidates for a full-time, fixed term Postdoctoral Researcher position with the Nanoscale Biophot...

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M-2506 PHD IN PIEZOELECTRIC SENSORS

• Hélène ARAGO

Temporary contract | 14+22+12 months | Belvaux Are you passionate about research? So are we!

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M-2504 PHD IN SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE STRAIN SENSOR

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Senior Integrated Assessment Modeling Scientist (m/f/d)

• Potsdam, Brandenburg (DE)
• salary group E 13
• Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung e.V. (PIK)

The focus of your work will be the coordination of the synthesis modelling work in a newly acquired EU Horizon Project (NEWPATHWAYS).

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M-2464 PHD IN PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS FOR ENERGY HARVESTING

Temporary contract | 14+22+12 months | Belvaux

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Researcher for Finance Scenario Development (m/f/d)

The focus of your work will be the project “Setting the Standard for actionable Climate Risk Assessments“ (NGFS project).

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M-2463 PHD IN PRINTED STRAIN SENSORS FOR TIRES

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E-2426 PHD IN USING EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING TO BENCHMARK HYDROLOGICAL MODELS

• Esch-sur-Alzette

PhD | up to 48 months (first initial contract of 14 months) | Belval Are you passionate about research? So are we! Come and join usThe Luxembourg Inst

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Pasteur-Paris University International Doctoral Program (PPU)

• Paris, Ile-de-France (FR)
• a monthly salary of 2.000€ comprehensive of social benefits (national health care, health insurance)
• Institut Pasteur

The PPU Program is offered for students holding a Master degree in science, medicine and related fields delivered by a university outside of France

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Ph.D. position in secure and privacy

• Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg

About the SnTSnT is a leading international research and innovation centre in secure, reliable and trustworthy ICT systems and services. We play an in

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PhD student and Postdoc in Molecular Oncology

• Würzburg (Stadt), Bayern (DE)
• a competitive salary (TV-L E13)
• University of Würzburg - research group of Dr. Dimitrios Papadopoulos

We are looking for candidates with an outstanding background in Life sciences to fill: PhD student and Postdoc positions (f/m/d)

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PhD scholarship in Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Biobased Chemicals

• Copenhagen, Hovedstaden (DK)
• Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Do you want to carry out a PhD project with international front-runners in environmental sustainability assessment?

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Doctoral candidates at the TUM-GS Kick-off seminar (Photo: Andreas Heddergott/TUM)

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TUM doctoral candidate Tobias during his research stay at UQ in Brisbane, Australia (Photo: Tobias Teschemacher)

MIRMI - Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (Photo: Andreas Heddergott/TUM)

TUM.Africa Talent closing event by TUM-GS and TUM Global & Alumni Office (Picture: TU eMpower Africa e.V.)

Doctoral candidate at the Professorship of Biopolymer Materials, TUM School of Engineering and Design (Photo: Astrid Eckert/TUM)

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The Technical University of Munich (TUM) is firmly grounded in the belief that talent is our asset to cultivating academic excellence in doctoral education. TUM boasts a long and proud tradition of fostering world-class doctoral candidates committed to finding solutions to the diverse challenges of our time. Supported by prominent researchers in their fields, TUM invests substantial resources in helping early-stage scientists to work independently and kick-start their careers. 

Following the innovative TUM doctoral model of the TUM Graduate School (TUM-GS), our doctoral candidates are welcomed into an environment that perfectly intertwines academic knowledge and professional qualifications. During their time at TUM, their training will be enhanced by top-grade facilities, exposure to cutting-edge research projects, and abundant unique learning opportunities that enable them to become independent and responsible leaders in their chosen career path. 

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A full-time MBA program for mid-career leaders eager to dedicate one year of discovery for a lifetime of impact.

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A non-degree, customizable program for mid-career professionals.

PhD Program

Program overview.

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Rigorous, discipline-based research is the hallmark of the MIT Sloan PhD Program. The program is committed to educating scholars who will lead in their fields of research—those with outstanding intellectual skills who will carry forward productive research on the complex organizational, financial, and technological issues that characterize an increasingly competitive and challenging business world.

Start here.

Learn more about the program, how to apply, and find answers to common questions.

Admissions Events

Check out our event schedule, and learn when you can chat with us in person or online.

Start Your Application

Visit this section to find important admissions deadlines, along with a link to our application.

Click here for answers to many of the most frequently asked questions.

PhD studies at MIT Sloan are intense and individual in nature, demanding a great deal of time, initiative, and discipline from every candidate. But the rewards of such rigor are tremendous:  MIT Sloan PhD graduates go on to teach and conduct research at the world's most prestigious universities.

PhD Program curriculum at MIT Sloan is organized under the following three academic areas: Behavior & Policy Sciences; Economics, Finance & Accounting; and Management Science. Our nine research groups correspond with one of the academic areas, as noted below.

MIT Sloan PhD Research Groups

Behavioral & policy sciences.

Economic Sociology

Institute for Work & Employment Research

Organization Studies

Technological Innovation, Entrepreneurship & Strategic Management

Economics, Finance & Accounting

Accounting  

Management Science

Information Technology

System Dynamics  

Those interested in a PhD in Operations Research should visit the Operations Research Center .  

PhD Program Structure

Additional information including coursework and thesis requirements.

MIT Sloan Predoctoral Opportunities

MIT Sloan is eager to provide a diverse group of talented students with early-career exposure to research techniques as well as support in considering research career paths.

Rising Scholars Conference

The fourth annual Rising Scholars Conference on October 25 and 26 gathers diverse PhD students from across the country to present their research.

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The goal of the MIT Sloan PhD Program's admissions process is to select a small number of people who are most likely to successfully complete our rigorous and demanding program and then thrive in academic research careers. The admission selection process is highly competitive; we aim for a class size of nineteen students, admitted from a pool of hundreds of applicants.

What We Seek

• Outstanding intellectual ability
• Excellent academic records
• Previous work in disciplines related to the intended area of concentration
• Strong commitment to a career in research

MIT Sloan PhD Program Admissions Requirements Common Questions

Dates and Deadlines

Admissions for 2024 is closed. The next opportunity to apply will be for 2025 admission. The 2025 application will open in September 2024. 

More information on program requirements and application components

Students in good academic standing in our program receive a funding package that includes tuition, medical insurance, and a fellowship stipend and/or TA/RA salary. We also provide a new laptop computer and a conference travel/research budget.

Funding Information

Throughout the year, we organize events that give you a chance to learn more about the program and determine if a PhD in Management is right for you.

PhD Program Events

September 12 phd program overview.

During this webinar, you will hear from the PhD Program team and have the chance to ask questions about the application and admissions process.

DocNet Recruiting Forum at University of Minnesota

We will be joining the DocNet consortium for an overview of business academia and a recruitment fair at University of Minnesota, Carlson School of Management.

September 25 PhD Program Overview

Docnet recruiting forum - david eccles school of business.

MIT Sloan PhD Program will be joining the DocNet consortium for an overview of business academia and a recruitment fair at Utah, David Eccles School of Business.

Complete PhD Admissions Event Calendar

Unlike formulaic approaches to training scholars, the PhD Program at MIT Sloan allows students to choose their own adventure and develop a unique scholarly identity. This can be daunting, but students are given a wide range of support along the way - most notably having access to world class faculty and coursework both at MIT and in the broader academic community around Boston.

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Profiles of our current students

MIT Sloan produces top-notch PhDs in management. Immersed in MIT Sloan's distinctive culture, upcoming graduates are poised to innovate in management research and education.

Academic Job Market

Doctoral candidates on the current academic market

Academic Placements

Graduates of the MIT Sloan PhD Program are researching and teaching at top schools around the world.

view recent placements 

MIT Sloan Experience

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The PhD Program is integral to the research of MIT Sloan's world-class faculty. With a reputation as risk-takers who are unafraid to embrace the unconventional, they are engaged in exciting disciplinary and interdisciplinary research that often includes PhD students as key team members.

Research centers across MIT Sloan and MIT provide a rich setting for collaboration and exploration. In addition to exposure to the faculty, PhD students also learn from one another in a creative, supportive research community.

Throughout MIT Sloan's history, our professors have devised theories and fields of study that have had a profound impact on management theory and practice.

From Douglas McGregor's Theory X/Theory Y distinction to Nobel-recognized breakthroughs in finance by Franco Modigliani and in option pricing by Robert Merton and Myron Scholes, MIT Sloan's faculty have been unmatched innovators.

This legacy of innovative thinking and dedication to research impacts every faculty member and filters down to the students who work beside them.

Faculty Links

• Accounting Faculty
• Economic Sociology Faculty
• Finance Faculty
• Information Technology Faculty
• Institute for Work and Employment Research (IWER) Faculty
• Marketing Faculty
• Organization Studies Faculty
• System Dynamics Faculty
• Technological Innovation, Entrepreneurship, and Strategic Management (TIES) Faculty

Student Research

“MIT Sloan PhD training is a transformative experience. The heart of the process is the student’s transition from being a consumer of knowledge to being a producer of knowledge. This involves learning to ask precise, tractable questions and addressing them with creativity and rigor. Hard work is required, but the reward is the incomparable exhilaration one feels from having solved a puzzle that had bedeviled the sharpest minds in the world!” -Ezra Zuckerman Sivan Alvin J. Siteman (1948) Professor of Entrepreneurship

Sample Dissertation Abstracts - These sample Dissertation Abstracts provide examples of the work that our students have chosen to study while in the MIT Sloan PhD Program.

We believe that our doctoral program is the heart of MIT Sloan's research community and that it develops some of the best management researchers in the world. At our annual Doctoral Research Forum, we celebrate the great research that our doctoral students do, and the research community that supports that development process.

The videos of their presentations below showcase the work of our students and will give you insight into the topics they choose to research in the program.

Attention To Retention: The Informativeness of Insiders’ Decision to Retain Shares

2024 PhD Doctoral Research Forum Winner - Gabriel Voelcker

Watch more MIT Sloan PhD Program  Doctoral Forum Videos

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At Maastricht University, a PhD degree is not just a study but a serious research project that adds new knowledge to a given field. There are three ways to become a PhD candidate at UM, which are outlined below. As a PhD candidate, you’ll spend most of your time conducting original research and writing a dissertation. You might also follow courses relevant to your research or have teaching responsibilities as well. Most candidates take four years to complete their dissertation and earn their degree. Requirements for our PhD programmes vary, but you will at least need a master’s degree, a high level of English proficiency and a strong academic record.

There are three ways to obtain a PhD at Maastricht University:

Apply for a paid phd position.

As a paid PhD candidate, you’ll be an employee of the university and will conduct research in conjunction with a faculty, research school or institute. You can search for a PhD vacancy on Academic Transfer or contact a faculty directly.   Paid PhD positions

Note: FHML/MUMC+ discerns 4 types of PhDs.

Enrol in a PhD training programme

Several of our graduate schools and research institutes offer PhD training programmes. In these programmes, you will follow a number of courses as well as write a dissertation. We have both full-time and part-time programmes.

  PhD training programmes

Obtain external funding & pitch your idea

Do you have a specific research proposal that does not match one of our vacancies? Then you can also obtain external funding and pitch your idea to one of our faculties, graduate schools or research institutes.

  Externally funded PhDs

Why Maastricht University?

The Netherlands ranks second worldwide in the number of publications per researcher and third worldwide in the impact of research publications, according to the Netherlands organisation for international cooperation in higher education (NUFFIC). At Maastricht University, PhD candidates are respected as full-fledged members of our research community. You'll be treated as a peer and will be given all the support you need for your research. There is a high level of interdisciplinary and inter-institutional cooperation at UM, and PhDs often complete their dissertation alongside their career. Such a commitment requires hard work and fortitude. And it especially requires the capacity to innovate, to come up with new ideas and new ways of seeing and applying knowledge.

International environment

Maastricht University was the first university in the Netherlands to strive for internationalisation. Almost half of our students and 40% of our academic staff come from abroad. Each faculty, school and institute has extensive international partnership networks and the university encourages international research collaborations. Students and researchers have many opportunities to study and work abroad, and our graduates are eagerly sought in the international labour market and research community.

Active PhD community

At Maastricht University, we have a vibrant PhD community. There are many ways to connect with your peers on a social and professional level:

• PhD Academy Maastricht
• Young Researchers Academy
• Central PhD Candidates Platform
• PhD candidates Network (PNN)
• Meet & Greet Maastricht
• Representative participation for UM
• ProVUM Maastricht
• European Council of Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers (Eurodoc)

Current PhD candidates

In the overview for current PhDs, you can find more information on:

• additional courses
• professional development opportunities
• practical matters
• Scholarships

  Overview for current PhDs

Research master's

Have you finished your bachelor’s and would like to pursue a PhD? Then you should consider one of our research master’s programmes, which specifically prepare you to be successful as a doctoral candidate. In some of these programmes, more than 90% of the students go on to become PhD candidates. You can find the research master's programmes in our master's overview.

Master's programmes

Defending your thesis

A PhD Defence ceremony is a formal occasion with strict protocols governing each person’s role, responsibility, and even the language used. It all works a bit like a trial, hence the term ‘PhD defence’. If you are a PhD candidate at the end of your trajectory you need to formally request permission for a public defense ceremony soon. In this website you find information on practical matters you need to arrange before and during your doctoral research and explains how to go about your your PhD defense.

  More information

One step closer to an anti-stress pill

Why are some people more sensitive to stress than others? Dennis Hernaus was hired as a PhD candidate to study the relationship between stress and dopamine levels of patients using PET scanners. He found that low dopamine levels are associated with increased sensitivity to stress and vice versa.  

Wrestling with medical-ethical dilemmas during WWII

Is it okay for a doctor to make someone ill or appear ill if it saves them from being boarded on a train and sent to a death camp? Hannah van den Ende studied the experiences of 534 Dutch-Jewish doctors who wrestled with this type of ethical dilemma during WWII.  

Studying HIV-related stigma in virtual reality

Stigmatising behaviour is often unconscious. People don't usually realise that they treat HIV patients differently. But the consequences are real. Henna Toppenberg and her PhD supervisor Rob Ruiter are using virtual reality to gain more insight into this behaviour so they can help bring about change.  

A Beginner's Guide to Dutch Academia

Detailed information on Dutch research and higher education can be found in  A Beginner's Guide to Dutch Academia. 

Hortense Jongen winner of The 2018 Dissertation Prize

The 2018 Dissertation Prize, this year awarded for the best doctoral dissertation from the inner city faculties, went to Hortense Jongen from the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Her thesis is entitled: ‘Combating corruption the soft way: The authority of peer reviews in the global fight against graft.’

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Graduate School of Life Sciences

Responsibilities of phd candidates.

How can you excel during your PhD and make it a success? First of all, by taking responsibility as a PhD candidate. Setting up your research and acquiring the necessary skills in problem solving and communication is your responsibility. As a PhD candidate, you should possess, acquire, and/or refine the qualities necessary to mature into an independent researcher. We expect you to cultivate your talents. This will help you to prepare for a future career. You are also responsible for meeting the commitments linked to the funding of your doctoral research.

We have summarised the profile and responsibilities of a PhD candidate in two parts. The first part, Profile and research responsibilities of the PhD candidate , reflects our vision on your academic responsibilities as a junior researcher. The second part, Effective supervisor-PhD interaction: a two-way process , describes your responsibilities as a member of a research community and the interaction with your supervisory team, as well as your individual growth as a person.

Utrecht University Heidelberglaan 8 3584 CS Utrecht The Netherlands Tel. +31 (0)30 253 35 50

Doctoral candidates

Mehr erfahren

Treppenaufgang im Kollegiengebäude, Gipsabdruck

Doctoral Training in Heidelberg

Heidelberg University offers its PhD candidates a wide range of doctoral programmes with diverse levels of structuring – individual doctoral training, small and medium-sized training groups, or large Graduate Schools.

• Forms of Doctoral Training
• Doctoral Guidelines
• Structured Doctoral Programmes

The team at the Graduate Academy Service Point provides doctoral candidates from all faculties of Heidelberg University with comprehensive advice and services.

• Service Point of the Graduate Academy
• Dean’s Offices of the Faculties

The Graduate Academy assists doctoral candidates in their search and application for various types of funding.

• Doctoral Fellowships
• Fellowships in Structured Doctoral Programmes

The Graduate Academy of Heidelberg University offers doctoral candidates a seminar programme tailored to their specific needs and a wide range of further education opportunities.

• Seminar Programme for Doctoral Candidates
• Qualification and Further Training for Postdoctoral Researchers

International doctoral training

The Graduate Academy supports cooperation with international institutions and assists doctoral candidates in finding funding for research trips abroad.

• In Heidelberg - Incoming

Current News

Solidarity with ukraine.

The Graduate Academy offers information on support and offers of assistance.

Digital resources for doctoral candidates

The Graduate Academy has assembled a collection of online workshops and digital resources for self-study, which we will be updating continuously from now on. Visit our website to complete information about our digital program.

Places available

The course programme is open for registration. Further information on available places can be found on the Graduate Academy’s website.

Academic writing in English / German for doctoral candidates

The aim of the course is to support doctoral candidates who are not native speakers of English or German and who are writing their dissertation in English or German.

German Language Course

German Language Courses for doctoral candidates begin each April and October. Please see our website for more information.

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For PhDs, a Tandem Job Search Is Increasingly the Norm

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Are you a PhD or postdoc who’s still deciding between faculty and non-faculty positions? Maybe you don’t have to choose just yet. Check out this blog post from The Chronicle of Higher Education to learn more about tandem job searches—how to simultaneously pursue opportunities in academia and industry.

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Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

2025 phd graduate – guidance, navigation, and control.

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Do you want to join a high performing team conducting cutting-edge basic and applied research of advanced estimation and control algorithms across a multitude of different weapon systems?

Are you ready to apply your PhD to tackle challenging, novel problems facing the nation’s Air and Missile Defense community?

If you are graduating with a PhD in Engineering or Applied Mathematics and want to help us perform basic and applied research in controls and autonomy, concept development, detailed design and analysis, and flight testing of evolutionary and revolutionary missile interceptors, we’d love to have you join our team!

We are interested in candidates who have a core skillset in autonomy, controls, dynamics, or mechatronics, a broad technical background, and a passion for using new theoretic techniques to solve challenging problems. Candidates should have demonstrated experience applying their broad skillset to a diverse array of technical challenges, and show an ability to act independently to identify, learn, develop, implement, and share the techniques needed to solve a wide variety of problems. Our team is also committed to developing exceptional engineering talent and fostering a diverse culture of innovation and collaboration.

As a member of our team, you will be able to…

• Research, develop, implement, and evaluate advanced guidance, navigation, control, and analysis algorithms to enable next-generation weapon systems to intercept stressing threats.
• Propose, lead, and/or participate in research and development efforts related to development of new weapon system algorithms and technologies.
• Perform modeling, simulation, and performance assessment of guided missile systems to support conceptual design through flight testing.
• Share your concepts and findings with other team members, APL management, and external sponsors and research communities.

You meet our minimum qualifications for the job if you…

• Are a current PhD candidate in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, applied mathematics, or a related technical field
• Have at least two years of relevant academic work (formal dissertation/research) involving control theory AND one or more of the following areas: robotics, guidance algorithms, machine learning, path planning, state estimation, multi-agent systems, SLAM, or optimization.
• Demonstrate strong interpersonal skills and the ability to work independently and on a team
• Are proficient in MATLAB, Simulink, and/or C++.
• Are able to travel occasionally to support flight testing or technical meetings at sponsor or contractor facilities
• Are able to obtain an Interim Secret security clearance to start. If selected, you will be subject to a government security clearance investigation for a final Secret level clearance and must meet the requirements for access to classified information. Eligibility requirements include U.S. citizenship.

You’ll go above and beyond our minimum requirements if you…

• Have a PhD in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, applied mathematics, or a related technical field
• Have professional/internship experience in control theory and one or more of the areas listed above
• Have experience proposing and leading applied research efforts
• Have an active Secret or Top Secret security clearance

Why work at APL?

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) brings world-class expertise to our nation’s most critical defense, security, space and science challenges. While we are dedicated to solving complex challenges and pioneering new technologies, what makes us truly outstanding is our culture. We offer a vibrant, welcoming atmosphere where you can bring your authentic self to work, continue to grow, and build strong connections with inspiring teammates.

At APL, we celebrate our differences and encourage creativity and bold, new ideas. Our employees enjoy generous benefits, including a robust education assistance program, unparalleled retirement contributions, and a healthy work/life balance. APL’s campus is located in the Baltimore-Washington metro area. Learn more about our career opportunities at www.jhuapl.edu/careers.

APL is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, creed, color, religion, sex, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, age, physical or mental disability, genetic information, veteran status, occupation, marital or familial status, political opinion, personal appearance, or any other characteristic protected by applicable law.

APL is committed to promoting an innovative environment that embraces diversity, encourages creativity, and supports inclusion of new ideas. In doing so, we are committed to providing reasonable accommodation to individuals of all abilities, including those with disabilities. If you require a reasonable accommodation to participate in any part of the hiring process, please contact [email protected]. Only by ensuring that everyone’s voice is heard are we empowered to be bold, do great things, and make the world a better place.

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Phd on machine learning for accelerated screening of supramolecular biomaterials, job description.

Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) is seeking a bright PhD candidate to setup a high-throughput screening lab for supramolecular biomaterials. The goal of the PhD is to setup a machine learning workflow for high-throughput screening of biomaterials. The PhD is part of the Groeifonds program “Big Chemistry” and you will work with other PhD students and post-docs on this topic.

The successful candidate should be excited about applying machine learning to cell biology and chemistry, specifically setting up a workflow based on active learning . Doctoral research will be part of wider and exciting efforts currently spearheaded within the Synthetic Biology group led by prof. dr. Tom de Greef.

Job requirements

We are accepting applications from enthusiastic and highly talented candidates who are interested in a dynamic, stimulating, and ambitious environment to perform their research. We are looking for candidates that meet the following requirements:

• A master's degree (or an equivalent university degree) in chemical engineering and/or (bio)informatics.
• Prior experience with machine learning and/or laboratory automation.
• Prior experience with Python.
• A research-oriented attitude with an analytical mindset.
• Ability to independently work within a dynamic team and to foster collaborations.
• Fluent in spoken and written English.

The position will be based at the Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e) in the Netherlands. Doctoral research will be performed within the Synthetic Biology group in the Department of Biomedical Engineering under the supervision of prof. dr. Tom de Greef, in close collaboration with the groups of prof. dr. Patricia Dankers (Supramolecular Biomaterials) and dr. Francesca Grisoni (Molecular Machine Learning).

Conditions of employment

A meaningful job in a dynamic and ambitious university, in an interdisciplinary setting and within an international network. You will work on a beautiful, green campus within walking distance of the central train station. In addition, we offer you:

• Full-time employment for four years, with an intermediate evaluation (go/no-go) after nine months. You will spend 10% of your employment on teaching tasks.
• Salary and benefits (such as a pension scheme, paid pregnancy and maternity leave, partially paid parental leave) in accordance with the Collective Labour Agreement for Dutch Universities, scale P (min. €2,872 max. €3,670).
• A year-end bonus of 8.3% and annual vacation pay of 8%.
• High-quality training programs and other support to grow into a self-aware, autonomous scientific researcher. At TU/e we challenge you to take charge of your own learning process .
• An excellent technical infrastructure, on-campus children's day care and sports facilities.
• An allowance for commuting, working from home and internet costs.
• A Staff Immigration Team and a tax compensation scheme (the 30% facility) for international candidates.

Information and application

Eindhoven University of Technology is an internationally top-ranking university in the Netherlands that combines scientific curiosity with a hands-on attitude. Our spirit of collaboration translates into an open culture and a top-five position in collaborating with advanced industries. Fundamental knowledge enables us to design solutions for the highly complex problems of today and tomorrow.

Curious to hear more about what it’s like as a PhD candidate at TU/e? Please view this video .

Information

Do you recognize yourself in this profile and would you like to know more? Please contact  Prof. Dr. Tom de Greef, Full Professor, [email protected][at]tue.nl or +31 40 247 5409.

Additional information on the department you can find on:  Link to the Biomedical Engineering department at TU/e .

Visit our website for more information about the application process or the conditions of employment. You can also contact Sascha Sanchez, HR advisor, [email protected] or +31 40 247 7310.

Are you inspired and would like to know more about working at TU/e? Please visit our career page .

Application

We invite you to submit a complete application by using the 'apply now'-button on this page. The application should include a:

• Cover letter in which you describe your motivation and qualifications for the position.
• Curriculum vitae, including a list of your publications and the contact information of three references.
• Academic transcripts.
• Brief description of your MSc thesis.

We look forward to your application and will screen it as soon as we have received it.

We do not respond to applications that are sent to us in a different way.

Please keep in mind you can upload only 5 documents up to 2 MB each. If necessary please combine files.

We look forward to receiving your application and will screen it as soon as possible. The vacancy will remain open until the position is filled.

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JOB: Leo Baeck Institute London PhD Scholarship in Modern Jewish History and Culture, London (27.11.2024)

Auch über H-Net Job Guide bereitgestellt: https://www.h-net.org/jobs/job_display.php?id=67514

The Leo Baeck Institute London is pleased to offer a three-year PhD scholarship for an outstanding doctoral candidate wishing to pursue a research project in the field of German-Jewish history and culture with a focus on the 20th century.

Applications are invited from current and prospective master’s graduates with an excellent academic track record.

The scholarship will cover tuition fees at the home fee rate (£4,786 in 2024-25) and a stipend (£21,237 per year for 2024-25) for up to three years. 

The recipient of this scholarship will be based at the School of Historical Studies, Birkbeck, University of London. 

To apply for this scholarship, you will need to apply for a History MPhil/PhD on the Birkbeck website by Wednesday 27th November 2024 . Please select ‘History MPhil/PhD: 4 years full-time, on campus, starting 2024-25’ and specify in your research proposal that you wish to be considered for the Leo Baeck Institute London PhD Scholarship. Under ‘Proposed supervisor’ write Dr Joseph Cronin.

Please contact Dr Joseph Cronin ( [email protected] ) with any questions you may have.

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Open Postdoctoral position, faculty mentor Deborah M Gordon

Important info.

Inquiries about the position should be sent to Deborah Gordon ( [email protected] ).  

POSTDOCTORAL POSITION  Stanford University, Department of Biology   We are excited to announce an opening for a postdoctoral researcher position to work on a newly NSF-funded project, a collaboration between Deborah Gordon (Stanford) and Florian Menzel (University of Mainz, Germany) on variation among harvester ant colonies in the waterproofing capacity of their cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), and how the CHCs are related to the collective regulation of foraging behavior to manage the risk of water loss. 

The position will be based in Deborah Gordon's lab in the Department of Biology, Stanford University  ( http://www.stanford.edu/~dmgordon/ ). 

Candidates are required to hold a PhD before their start date. The start date is flexible. Review of applications will begin immediately and the position will remain open until filled. 

• The position requires a motivated and self-directed scientist who is independent, conscientious, with a strong background in reproducible research including statistical analysis, and has excellent written and oral communication skills.
• Applicants should have research experience in chemical ecology, preferably in CHCs,  involving both field and laboratory work on insect behavior, and a strong publication record in peer-reviewed journals.
• Statement of research interests
• Names and contact information of three references

Stanford is an equal opportunity employer and all qualified applicants will receive consideration without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, veteran status, or any other characteristic protected by law.

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