Notice that none of the above examples are examples of a thesis. The keyword and topic don't yet say anything about Snyder's ideas about work in the poem. With any yes/no question, the answer is simply one word -- either "yes" or "no" -- which doesn't encourage the more detailed discussion expected in the essay. The statement of fact is so obvious that there is no need to say anything more; anyone reading the first few lines of Snyder's poem would know this, so they definitely don't need to read a whole essay about it. Finally, the assertion of opinion simply pushes a value the writer holds on the reader without indicating reasons. The thesis must do more. Again, it has to make a strong statement about the topic, and that statement should be one that the essay writer can then give a variety of evidence in order to convince the reader. An example of a thesis that uses the above topic might be: In "Axe Handles," Gary Snyder demonstrates the similar importance of both physical and intellectual work. If you read this thesis in an essay, you can clearly see what the author is going to do with the bulk of his or her essay: S/he is going to give evidence that will convince the reader that, in "Axe Handles," Gary Snyder shows that he values physical and intellectual work in similar ways. The specific direction of the essay is now fairly clear. That is what any good thesis should do.
If you’re interested in identifying best practices and finding new and better ways to support patient care, scientific study and clinical research need nurses to serve in a variety of roles, including PhDs, DNPs, nurse researchers, and direct-care clinical nurses. In fact, all nursing roles contribute to the research cycle, speakers said during a 2024 ONS Congress ® session about the integration of and collaboration between nursing researcher roles.
“All types of scholarly work are interdependent and interconnected,” Kristen Fessele, PhD, RN, AOCN ® , a nurse scientist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) in New York, NY, said. The process of taking research studies and analyzing data to the point of actual implementation in clinical care is complex and can take years. “It’s too much for one person to do alone, so we need different kinds of training that emphasize our skill sets so we can get all of this to our patients,” Fessele said.
Research has a variety of roles for nurses for a reason: Each has a specific purpose. Nurse researchers, usually PhD prepared, focus on the generation and dissemination of knowledge, DNP-prepared nurses emphasize the application of research to clinical practice, and clinical nurses implement the new practices in direct patient care, observe side effects, identify challenges or obstacles, and provide insights and data back to nurse researchers to inform future studies.
Uniting those roles around a clinical topic is essential to solving clinical problems together, Fessele said. “It’s not until we implement the evidence in our different clinical practice, policies, procedures, workflows, clinical settings, and patient groups that we start to improve outcomes.”
That third factor is critical: Nurses are key to helping researchers understand how an innovative approach or technique works for different populations. “Especially as we start to look at scholarly work through a health equity lens, this becomes even more important,” Fessele said. “We need to ask, is it working for everyone? Is every clinician following the practice that we think is the best, and are they evolving as new evidence comes along? We need evidence and we need implementation, or we’re not going to improve the clinical problem.”
Although most research is “very regimented,” Fessele said, it will not change practice or contribute to new standards of care until the findings are implemented in direct care. And that’s where the DNP role comes into play.
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) approved the first DNP program in October 2004. DNP education prepares “nurse leaders at the highest level of nursing practice to improve patient outcomes and translate research into practice,” AACN said.
Cheryl Le Huquet, DNP, MSN, RN, NE-BC, project manager of hospital operations at UCLA Health in Los Angeles, CA, and James Simmons, DNP, AG/ACNP, acute care nurse practitioner and founder of Ask the NP and Simmons Medical, were in the first DNP cohort at UCLA. Le Huquet said that she and Simmons have been working on socializing DNPs and PhDs since 2020.
“This is not a one-and-done situation,” she explained. “Personal relationships are required to build trust and are foundational to the working relationships.”
Le Huquet described herself as very process-oriented, so when she was initially finding her place in research, she knew it would be in application. “I don't need to generate more research. I need to apply what’s already out there,” she said.
Simmons’ pathway was similar: He recognized that his area of interest already had established evidence and models, but he wanted to find a new way to apply them.
“I knew I wanted to implement the science, see with my own eyes if it worked in a community that I care about, and then give that information back to the researchers because that information was missing. So once I figured this out, the check for DNP was pretty easy,” Simmons said.
The distinction between PhD and DNP roles in research can be vague, and collaboration can be challenging across roles and settings. However, working together can improve the research process, facilitate faster implementation and improvement, and identify additional projects to improve patient care.
As DNPs, Le Huquet and Simmons needed to collaborate with PhD researchers to accomplish their goals. In 2020, they convened a meeting of nurses interested in research at UCLA. Simmons said they had a vision that “building a collaborative scholarly PhD–DNP community will advance nursing science and improve patient outcomes.”
Based on the concept of speed dating, the UCLA program participants come to each meeting prepared to pitch their areas of clinical interest to someone else. Simmons described the meetings as a “DNP–PhD immersive experience” and “where nurse scientists meet practice change.”
Simmons said the original goal was to start small and use experiential learning to grow the program. However, the community was so excited about the program that it expanded organically. Word spread and the concept grew, and now participants meet virtually once a month, with in-person meetings once per quarter. The program has also evolved to allow participants to share their elevator pitch by video to distribute within or beyond the group for ideas, resources, or other support.
One topic that the group has addressed is the difference between what PhDs and DNPs do. “It was a really lovely opportunity to have some folks understand these career paths—not in a formal but in a really casual environment,” Simmons said. “The value of that has been the different perspectives that people can bring.” He said that many participant connections have led to exciting collaborations, and he is currently creating a website to expand the program and connect PhDs and DNPs around the world to talk about their interests and projects.
Fessele implemented a similar meeting concept at MSKCC, which is called a “monthly mingle.” She said the meetings bring together the “doctorally prepared and the doctorally curious,” with about 160 people invited to the Interprofessional and Doctorally Educated Allied Scholars (IDEAS) meeting. IDEAS features speakers, networking, and ideas sharing, and Fessele said that the meetings have led nurses to create more formal collaborations around common interests.
Another benefit of research partnerships is potentially shrinking the timeline from analysis to implementation, and Fessele said that she is now prioritizing implementation science through DNP collaborations on the research team. She said that DNPs and other implementation specialists help to test interventions, plan how to launch the results, speed up timelines, and identify direct care obstacles or barriers before launch.
ONS is leading national work to expand collaboration among nursing research roles. In April 2024, the Society convened a PhD–DNP think tank at ONS Congress that brought together 30 PhD and DNP nurses to discuss collaboration opportunities and obstacles and develop an action plan to leverage both roles. The group is currently analyzing insights from the conversations and plans to publish the findings.
According to the participants, barriers to collaboration between PhDs and DNPs include funding, role confusion, lack of organizational support and infrastructure, time limitations, and competition for positions. The benefits, participants said, include improved patient outcomes, efficiencies, more pragmatic and clinically relevant studies, promotion of the profession, faster translation of research to practice, and more diverse skill sets.
ONS develops research priorities designed to advance patient care, scientific inquiry, clinical applications, and the field of oncology nursing (see sidebar). They can serve as a starting point for nurses interested in developing research projects.
However, some aspects of nursing research apply to all roles. In fact, getting involved in nursing research doesn’t necessarily mean obtaining an advanced degree. “All nurses participate in evidence-based practice (EBP),” Le Huquet said. “By documenting their care in the electronic health record, each nurse is contributing to the data collection required as a baseline for EBP projects or as data for a nursing study.”
For those interested in becoming more involved in nursing research, Le Huquet provided these tips:
Simmons added, “Find your passion! Nurses can leave a lasting legacy on the healthcare issues they care most about through a focus on generating new knowledge or on using the principles of implementation science to apply best practices from the literature.
“Imagine doing what you love every single day—while changing the world? It’s entirely possible in nursing science!”
BMC Nursing volume 23 , Article number: 526 ( 2024 ) Cite this article
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This study aimed to review the literature on complementary and alternative therapies, utilizing text mining and trend analysis in nursing research. As CAM becomes increasingly prevalent in healthcare settings, a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape is essential to guide evidence-based practice, inform clinical decision-making, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes.
This study aimed to identify CAM-related literature published from 2018 to 2023. Using the search terms 'complementary therap*', 'complementary medicine', 'alternative therap*', and 'alternative medicine', we performed a comprehensive search in eight databases, including EMBASE, Cochrane Central, PubMed Central, Korea Education and Research Information Service (RISS), Web of Science, KMbase, KISS, and CINAHL. From the text network and topic modeling analysis of 66,490 documents, 15 topics were identified. These topics were classified into two nursing-related topics through an academic classification process involving three doctors with doctoral degrees, three nurses, and three pharmacists. Based on the classified topics, research trends were comparatively analyzed by re-searching the database for 12 nursing and 22 non-nursing literature.
This study found that in nursing literature, yoga is used to improve mental symptoms such as stress and anxiety. In non-nursing literature, most of the experimental studies on complementary and alternative therapies were conducted in a randomized manner, confirming that a variety of physiological and objective indicators were used. Additionally, it was discovered that there were differences in the diversity of research subjects and research design methods for the same intervention method. Therefore, future research should focus on broadening the scope of subjects and measurement tools in nursing studies. Additionally, such studies should be conducted with randomization and generalizability in the experimental design in mind.
This study employed text network analysis and text mining to identify domestic and international CAM research trends. Our novel approach combined big data-derived keywords with a systematic classification method, proposing a new methodological strategy for trend analysis. Future nursing research should focus on broadening the scope of subjects, diversifying measurement tools, and emphasizing randomization and generalizability in experimental designs.
Peer Review reports
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as healthcare practices outside a country's traditional or conventional medicine [ 1 ]. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), CAM encompasses nutritional approaches (e.g., herbs), psychological methods (e.g., mindfulness), physical therapies (e.g., massage), integrated mind–body practices (e.g., yoga or auricular acupressure), and modalities that combine psychology and nutrition [ 2 ]. This definition suggests CAM may facilitate holistic nursing by addressing both psychological and physical aspects [ 3 ]. Consequently, substantial CAM research is conducted in nursing internationally [ 4 , 5 ], spanning areas like pain, depression, anxiety, chronic disease symptoms, sleep disturbances, and vomiting [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Classification systems exist, with the Korean Nursing Association (2023) delineating 12 CAM subcategories [ 6 ] and NCCIH outlining 76 therapies across major categories like nutrition, body, and psychotherapies [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The multitude of CAM types has prompted trend identification research, including reviews on Chinese medicine for allergic rhinitis, aromatherapy, auricular acupressure, and CAM for COVID-19 [ 6 , 8 ]. However, many previous studies have significant limitations in comprehensively identifying overall research trends in CAM. First, they tend to focus narrowly on specific diseases or treatments, lacking a broader perspective on the field as a whole [ 6 , 8 ]. Second, the use of search queries containing keywords from a specific discipline or arbitrarily selected by researchers introduces bias and hinders the identification of overarching trends [ 9 , 10 ]. These limitations highlight the need for a more systematic and data-driven approach to analyzing CAM research trends [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. A previous study [ 14 , 15 ] suggested the use of text mining technique as an approach for literature review [ 16 ]. To date, the analysis on research trend in nursing has been conducted more than five years after publication or has only been conducted with partial analyses through literature reviews and text mining [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].
The overarching goal was to extract keywords identifying domestic and international CAM research trends using text network analysis and analyze these trends within the nursing field. Specific objectives were: 1) Identify frequency, degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality for keywords appearing in domestic and international CAM studies; 2) Identify key themes within these studies; 3) Discern nursing keywords among sub-topic groups; 4) Analyze and compare nursing and other disciplinary literature based on findings; and 5) Analyze the trend of CAM in nursing based on extracted nursing keywords.
This study employs a novel methodological framework that combines text mining techniques with expert validation to identify and analyze CAM research trends in a comprehensive and data-driven manner. The framework consists of the following key steps.
Data collection: A comprehensive search of multiple databases is conducted to collect a broad range of CAM-related literature across various disciplines.
Text preprocessing involves several techniques to prepare the data for analysis. These include natural language processing, stopword removal, and synonym standardization.
Keyword extraction and network analysis: Text mining techniques, including term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and centrality analysis, are applied to extract key topics and analyze their relationships within the literature.
Topic modeling: Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is used to identify latent topics within the literature and visualize their proportions and relationships.
Expert validation: An expert panel of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists is consulted to validate the relevance and credibility of the identified topics and classify them into respective academic fields.
Focused literature analysis: Based on the expert-validated nursing-related topics, a focused re-search and analysis of the literature are conducted to identify trends specific to nursing research on CAM.
This multi-step framework allows for a more comprehensive and less biased exploration of CAM research trends by leveraging text mining techniques to process large volumes of literature, identify key topics, and uncover patterns that may not be apparent through traditional review methods [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The integration of expert validation ensures the relevance and credibility of the findings, while the focused analysis of nursing literature provides insights specific to the nursing discipline within the broader context of CAM research. The process of selecting studies for our analysis is illustrated in Fig. 1 , which provides a clear visual representation of the key steps involved, from the initial database search to the final classification of studies into nursing and other disciplines. This multi-step approach, combined with the visual aid, enhances the clarity and transparency of our methodology, allowing readers to better understand and contextualize the subsequent data analysis steps.
Flow diagram for literature selection process
This study focused on complementary and alternative medicine studies conducted in the fields of medicine, public health, and nursing in Korea and abroad. After specifying the research title and abstract as the search scope to extract the literature and build a database, the literature related to nursing was classified based on the topics derived through text network analysis and then, the literature that met the selection criteria was secondarily extracted and analyzed through the abstract screening. The three researchers checked the consistency of the study selection process and if there was any discrepancy, the final decision was made through consensus among the researchers.
The selection criteria for the literature were: (1) domestic and foreign studies published within the last five years (January 2018 to September 2023) that conducted studies on complementary and alternative medicine; and
The exclusion criteria for the literature were grey literatures, dissertations, and studies for which original texts are not available.
In this study, the database was selected by referring to the COSI (Core, Standard, Ideal) [ 20 ] model presented by the National Library of Medicine for literature search. EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and PubMed Central were selected as the core databases.
On the other hand, the standard databases selected were the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); and Korean database services such as the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), KMbase, and Korean studies Information Service System (KISS). These Korean databases were included to ensure a comprehensive coverage of potentially relevant studies published in South Korea, as they index a wide range of domestic and international journals, conference proceedings, and dissertations across various disciplines, including those related to CAM. However, it is important to note that the inclusion of these Korean databases does not limit the scope of our study to Korean literature only, as the majority of our analysis focuses on studies published in English and indexed in the core and standard international databases.
In addition, the Web of Science was selected to include a wider range of literature for the ideal database, and the period of literature search focused on the last five years, from 1 January 2018 to 15 September 2023. to capture the most recent trends in CAM research following the last comprehensive analysis of CAM research trends conducted in 2018 by Sung et al. [ 19 ]. This time frame was chosen to provide an updated and comprehensive analysis of CAM research trends, building upon the findings of previous studies and identifying new patterns and areas of focus that have emerged in recent years, given the rapid evolution of CAM research and the increasing integration of CAM into mainstream healthcare.
The data collection procedure was limited for both domestic and foreign studies. In case of foreign studies, ‘English’ was limited as the search language, ‘abstract and title’ were identified as the field, ‘article’ was set as the document form, and the keywords were ‘complementary therap*,’ ‘complementary medicine,’ ‘alternative therap*,’ and ‘alternative medicine.’ For the Korean studies, ‘Korean’ was limited as the search language, ‘abstract and title’ were identified as the field, ‘article’ was set as the document form, and the search keywords used were ‘보완대체,’ ‘대체요법,’ and ‘대체의학.’ In searching for the secondary literature, studies in the field of nursing were presented to a group of nine experts including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists with a master's degree or higher, and then the relevant areas were classified to extract the keywords. These keywords were then used in the text mining search. Topic words, the majority of which were classified as nursing, were re-searched in the collected database. The literature selection and classification process were carried out independently by three researchers and promoted through discussions between the researchers.
Data extraction.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across eight databases: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, KISS, Kmbase, PubMed, RISS, and Web of Science. This extensive search yielded a total of 77,062 studies. To ensure the integrity and non-redundancy of our dataset, we employed a rigorous two-step deduplication process. First, we utilized the 'Find Duplicates' function in EndNote software for initial automatic deduplication. This function systematically identifies and groups potential duplicate records based on shared metadata such as title, authors, year, and DOI. Through this automated process, 12,107 duplicate records were identified and removed.
Following the automated process, we conducted a manual review to identify and remove any remaining duplicates that the software might have missed. This careful manual screening allowed us to catch subtle duplicates that automated systems might overlook, such as those with slight variations in titles or author names. Through this manual review, an additional 465 duplicate records were identified and removed. In total, our rigorous two-step deduplication process resulted in the removal of 12,572 duplicate records. Of these, 12,107 were removed through automated deduplication and 465 through manual review. After deduplication, 64,490 unique studies were retained for further analysis. These studies were systematically organized by title and subjected to a thorough text preprocessing phase. During this phase, unstructured words were sorted and cleaned using the social networking program Netminer 4.3.3 and text editor Notepad + + (version 8.5.8).
Also, stopwords such as pronouns, adverbs, and numbers were deleted through natural language processing, while exception list, defined words, and thesaurus were registered. The exception list and thesaurus were selected by the three researchers, and if they failed to reach a unanimous agreement, the keywords were refined through consultation and the abstracts and preambles were reviewed again to examine the context in which the words were used. In case of the exception list, literature search keywords or stopwords such as pronouns, adverbs, numbers, and special symbols were considered, while ‘complementary,’ ‘medicine,’ ‘alternative,’ ‘therapeutic,’ ‘therapy,’ ‘therap,’ ‘therapies,’ ‘the,’ ‘a,’ ‘and,’ ‘of,’ ‘for,’ ‘in,’ ‘to,’ and ‘among’ were excluded. Special symbols like ‘’,:'"()&-?# < > + "",‘ were excluded as well. As for defined words, ‘cells → cell,’ ‘effects → effect,’ ‘staphylococcus aureus → staphylococcus,’ ‘aureus → staphylococcus,’ ‘characteristics → characterization,’ ‘efficacy → effect,’ ‘rat → mice,’ ‘radio → radiation,’ ‘systems → system,’ ‘agents → agent,’ ‘activity → activation,’ ‘carcinoma → cancer,’ ‘cases → case,’ ‘mouse → mice,’ ‘practices → practice,’ ‘radio sensitization → radiation,’ ‘years → year,’ ‘α → alpha,’ and ‘β → beta’ were selected, and data sorting for synonyms was performed. As a result of the analysis, a database consisting of 464,625 words was constructed.
In this study, text mining and topic modeling analysis were employed using textom and RStudio (4.3) to identify keywords related to CAM. Word analysis, TF-IDF, and degree centrality analysis were performed through text mining, with results presented via visualization. TF-IDF determines if a keyword holds actual significance within a document, as words with high TF and TF-IDF values appear frequently and are more likely keywords or important terms [ 21 , 22 ]. Following previous studies [ 22 , 23 ], the minimum word length was set to two, with the top 20 words extracted per topic. Text network analysis created word networks expressing co-occurrence frequency as links [ 24 ]. To gauge word occurrence frequency, words were converted to word-word one-mode, and degree centrality analysis identified highly influential network words. The results of these analyses, including frequency, TF-IDF, degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality of core keywords, can be found in Table 1 .
This study utilized Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling, a statistical method that estimates the probability distribution of topics within documents based on the Document Term Matrix (DTM). Following established practices in the literature, we set the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameters to alpha = 1.44, beta = 0.001, and iterations = 1,000 [ 25 ]. To determine the optimal number of topics, we iteratively tested configurations ranging from 1 to 20 topics. Through a combination of silhouette clustering analysis and researcher consensus, we identified that a 15-topic model best represented the research trends in our corpus.
LDA visualization indicated that larger topic sizes represented greater proportions within the analyzed studies [ 25 ]. We confirmed that the ideal number of topics, where topics do not overlap and have distinct boundaries, is 15, as shown in Fig. 2 . To validate the relevance and credibility of the topic modeling results, we consulted an expert panel consisting of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists with master's or doctoral degrees. The panel members were asked to classify the 15 derived topics into their respective academic fields. Based on the survey results, two topics (Topics 4 and 7) were identified as nursing-related, with the majority of the expert panel categorizing them as such.
LDA topic modeling visualization
Using the words from these two nursing-related topics, a keyword search was conducted within the database to identify the final set of literature containing these terms. The selected literature was then classified as either nursing-related or non-nursing-related based on the following criteria: (1) the study was published by a nursing school or department, (2) the authors were nurses or nursing researchers, (3) the authors were hospital-affiliated nurses, or (4) the study was published in a nursing journal. The classification process was carried out independently by three authors, and the final categorization was determined through a verification process among them.
After the three researchers re-searched the database built based on the sub-words of the extracted topics, a total of 35 articles were selected, including 13 nursing-related literatures and 22 other discipline-related literatures. The sub-words used for the re-search were derived from Topic 4 and Topic 7 in Table 2 and were classified using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework. The population-related sub-words included 'patient,' 'students,' and 'nursing.' The intervention-related sub-words were 'yoga,' 'treatment,' 'radiation,' 'acupuncture,' 'education,' and 'cam.' The comparison-related sub-word was 'placebo,' and the outcome-related sub-words included 'anxiety,' 'depression,' 'symptoms,' 'knowledge,' 'attitudes,' and 'perceptions.' These PICO-classified sub-words were used to conduct the database re-search.
In order to examine the research trends in nursing and other related fields, general characteristics (author, country of publication, year of publication) and research characteristics (research design model, statistical method, research subject, intervention method, outcome variable, measurement instruments) were identified, presented, and compared. Meanwhile, the three researchers independently prepared a characteristic table to ensure the accuracy of the extracted contents and if there was any discrepancy, one data was selected through the discussion process until a consensus was reached and a characteristic table was constructed.
To assess the quality of the selected studies, we employed the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), a concise tool designed to evaluate various study designs, including qualitative, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized studies, quantitative descriptive studies, and mixed methods studies [ 26 ]. This comprehensive tool allowed us to systematically evaluate the methodological rigor of our diverse selection of studies. Each study was evaluated against five MMAT criteria specific to its design, focusing on aspects such as research question appropriateness, data collection methods, and result interpretation. Our assessment revealed varying levels of methodological quality. Among nursing studies (A1-A12), 25% were high quality (5/5 criteria met), 58.3% moderate quality (4/5 criteria), and 16.7% low quality (3/5 criteria). Importantly, all included studies met at least 3 out of the 5 MMAT criteria, indicating an overall moderate to high quality across the selected literature. This suggests that the studies included in our analysis provide a reliable foundation for drawing conclusions. Studies that did not meet all criteria were carefully reviewed, and their potential limitations were considered when interpreting their findings. The MMAT provided a useful overview of study quality and was deemed suitable for assessing methodological rigor while maintaining the feasibility of our analysis. This approach ensured a balanced and nuanced interpretation of the evidence in the field of complementary and alternative medicine. The detailed results of this quality assessment can be found in Tables 3 and 4 .
Since the data used in this study did not contain information that can identify individuals, the study was conducted after obtaining an IRB approval (IRB No: ewha-202311–0008-01) from the Institutional Review Board of Ewha Womans University.
The frequency and percentage of the top 20 words related to complementary and alternative medicine are shown in Table 1 . The frequency and percentage of the top 20 words related to complementary and alternative medicine are shown in Table 1 . The table presents the top 20 keywords ranked by frequency, TF-IDF, degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. The frequency column indicates the number of times each keyword appears in the analyzed documents, while the TF-IDF column represents the importance of each keyword within the entire document set. Degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality are network analysis measures that indicate the importance and influence of each keyword within the text network. The words with the highest frequency included ‘cell’ (7,653 times), ‘patient’ (6,910 times), ‘treatment’ (6,851 times), ‘cancer’ (6,722 times), ‘study’ (6,295 times), and ‘effect’ (6,203 times). The words with the highest values of TF-IDF, in order, were ‘cell,’ ‘effect,’ ‘cancer,’ ‘patient,’ ‘treatment,’ and ‘study.’ As a result of centrality analysis, the top six common words, in order, were ‘effect,’ ‘treatment,’ ‘study,’ ‘analysis,’ ‘disease,’ and ‘approach.’ Except for common words, the words with the highest values in the centrality analysis, in order, were ‘model,’ ‘patient,’ ‘activation,’ and ‘use.’ The words with the highest values for closeness centrality were ‘factor,’ ‘model,’ ‘patient,’ and ‘activation,’ while the words with the highest values for betweenness centrality were ‘factor,’ ‘model,’ ‘type,’ and ‘activation.’
The LDA visualization provides insights into the relative importance and distinctiveness of identified topics. In this visualization, the size of each topic circle is proportional to its prevalence within the analyzed corpus, with larger circles indicating topics that are more frequently discussed across the literature. Interestingly, we observed that some topics, despite being represented by smaller circles, were positioned at considerable distances from other topics. This spatial separation suggests that these topics, while perhaps less prevalent, possess high discriminant validity and represent distinct thematic areas within the field of complementary and alternative medicine research. This interpretation is consistent with established principles in topic modeling, where spatial relationships in visualizations can indicate semantic distinctiveness. An expert panel of 9 individuals (3 doctors, 3 nurses, and 3 pharmacists), each holding a master's or doctoral degree, conducted a survey to classify the topics based on the keywords. The topic that received the most votes from the panel was designated as the representative field for that topic. Based on the resulting values of the topic modeling, 20 sub-words for each topic were presented and provided in Table 2 , Topics 1–3, 5–6, and 9–15 were classified as Medicine, Topics 4 and 7 as Nursing, and Topics 8 and 10 as Pharmacology.
The process of selecting studies for our analysis is illustrated in Fig. 2 . To determine the optimal number of topics for our analysis, we conducted Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) visualization. As Greene et al. [ 25 ] suggest, larger topic sizes in LDA visualization indicate a greater proportion of that topic within the analyzed studies. We tested topic numbers ranging from 1 to 20, seeking a configuration where topics were visually distinct and non-overlapping. This approach aligns with Liu et al. [ 24 ], who note that topics with high discriminant validity appear as small but clearly separated clusters. After careful visual analysis, we determined that 15 topics provided the most coherent and distinct groupings, as shown in Fig. 2 . This visualization demonstrates the independence and non-overlapping nature of our identified topics, supporting the robustness of our topic modeling approach. Based on the resulting values of the topic modeling, 20 sub-words for each topic were presented and provided in Table 2 . The expert panel's classification suggested that Topics 4 and 7 had relevance to nursing research. However, upon closer examination of the keywords included in these topics, it became apparent that they also encompassed literature from other medical disciplines. While the expert panel's classification indicated these topics were nursing-related, the presence of medical terminology suggested a broader interdisciplinary scope. This highlighted the limitations in identifying nursing-specific research using the current topic modeling approach. To address this issue and clarify the nursing-specific research within these topics, a further refinement of the literature search was conducted using the PICO framework. The keywords from Topics 4 and 7 were used to formulate a focused research question and search strategy. This targeted approach yielded a final selection of 12 nursing-specific articles and 22 articles from other disciplines. By employing the PICO framework and leveraging the keywords from the identified nursing-related topics, it was possible to isolate the nursing research within the broader interdisciplinary landscape.
The words included in topic 4 were the following: ‘trial,’ ‘effect,’ ‘yoga,’ ‘treatment,’ ‘radiation,’ ‘phage,’ ‘protocol,’ ‘anxiety,’ ‘dose,’ ‘zinc,’ ‘symptoms,’ ‘depression,’ ‘placebo,’ ‘acupuncture,’ ‘feasibility,’ ‘training,’ ‘insights,’ ‘toxicity,’ ‘mri,’ and ‘emergency.’ The words included in the topic 7 were: ‘role,’ ‘survey,’ ‘practice,’ ‘evidence,’ ‘failure,’ ‘utilization,’ ‘heart,’ ‘students,’ ‘cam,’ education,’ ‘healthcare,’ ‘valve,’ ‘knowledge,’ ‘communication,’ ‘narrative,’ ‘practitioners,’ ‘attitudes,’ ‘nursing,’ ‘perceptions,’ and ‘pseudomonas.’
The characteristics of the 12 studies included in the literature review analysis are shown in Table 3 .
Of the 12 final literature selections in nursing, there were four randomized controlled trials [A2] [A4] [A7] [A8], three non-randomized comparative trials [A3] [A5] [A6], four descriptive survey studies [A1] [A9] [A10] [A11], and one qualitative study [A12]. Regarding the country of the study’s publication, there were five studies from the United States, three from the United Kingdom, two from Germany and Turkey, and one from Australia. As for the statistical techniques that appeared with high frequency, 10 studies, which were [A1] [A2] [A3] [A4] [A5] [A7] [A8] [A9] [A10] [A11,] used independent t-test, and it was used in most studies. On the other hand, χ2 test was used in seven studies [A3] [A4] [A7] [A8] [A9] [A10] [A11] and one-way analysis of variance was used in four studies [A1] [A9] [A10] [A11]. Regarding the studies that were conducted targeting patients, there was one study conducted on cancer patients [A5], one study on women with post-traumatic stress disorder caused by a car accident [A8], one study on hypertension patients [A7], and one study on breast cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy [A4]. There were seven studies conducted on medical staffs [A1] [A3] [A6] [A9] [A10] [A11] [A12] and one study conducted on nursing students [A2]. Among the interventional therapies used in clinical trials, the most common one was yoga, which was identified in three studies. Specifically, there was one study that used yoga therapy for chemotherapy patients [A5], laughter yoga for nursing students [A2], and yoga therapy for women with post-traumatic disorder [A8]. There were also studies conducted on virtual cancer education program [A6], education on complementary and alternative medicine [A3], auricular acupressure for hypertensive patients [A7], and music therapy for those with breast cancer [A4]. In the studies conducted among medical professionals and nursing students, knowledge [A1] [A3] [A6] [A9] [A10] [A11], attitudes [A1] [A3] [A10] [A11], and usage surveys [A1] [A11] were identified as measurement variables, whereas depression [A8], pain [A7], quality of life [A7], and anxiety [A8] [A4] were identified as the measurement variables in the studies conducted on patients.
The detailed characteristics of these studies, including the study design, sample, intervention, statistical methods, and outcome measures, are presented in Table 4 .
Of the 22 final literature selections in other disciplines, there were 20 randomized controlled trials [B1] [B2] [B3] [B5] [B6] [B7] [B8] [B9] [B10] [B11] [B12] [B13] [B14] [B15] [B16] [B17] [B18] [B20] [B21] [B22], one pre- and post-hoc comparative study [B4], and one scoping review [B19]. The detailed characteristics of these studies, including the study design, sample, intervention, statistical methods, and outcome measures, are presented in Table 4 . Regarding the country of the study's publication, there were seven studies from the United States of America and the United Kingdom, three studies from China, two studies from the Netherlands, and one study each from Germany, India, and Hong Kong. As for the statistical techniques that appeared with high frequency, there were 10 studies that used independent t-test [B2] [B3] [B5] [B6] [B8] [B11] [B13] [B15] [B18] and one-way ANOVA [B3] [B6] [B7] [B9] [B11] [B14] [B18] [B21] [B20] [B22], while seven studies used repeated measures ANOVA [B2] [B4] [B10] [B11] [B15] [B20] [B22]. All studies for the literature review were conducted on patients. The most common intervention used was auricular acupressure, which was applied on patients with Parkinson’s disease [B11], poststroke depression [B6] [B14], insomnia and depression [B20] [B21], carpal tunnel syndrome [B7], soldiers with PTSD [B19], migraine [B15], pelvic organ prolapse [B8], and gallbladder stones [B22]. The second most common intervention used was yoga therapy, and the subjects were those with active arthritis [B18], generalized anxiety disorder [B17], hemodialysis [B4], and hypertension [B2]. Other subjects and interventions shown in the studies were the following: irritable bladder syndrome patients treated with cinnamon patch [B13]; depression patients treated with bouldering psychotherapy [B12]; dementia patients treated with aromatherapy [B10]; insomnia patients treated with Tai-chi and meridian pressure [B9]; Crohn’s disease patients treated with moxibustion [B3]; HIV patients treated with green tea [B5]; and peripheral arterial disease patients treated with laser acupuncture [B1]. On the other hand, the following were identified as the measurement variables for yoga intervention: level of depression, arthritis stage, anxiety level, quality of life, treatment response rate, sleep, and autonomic function [B2] [B4] [B16] [B17] [B18]. Measurement variables for auricular acupressure included level of depression, sleep quality, level of pain, physical and psychological symptoms, severity of depressive symptoms pelvic organ prolapse, and gastrointestinal symptoms [B3] [B6] [B7] [B8] [B11] [B14] [B15] [B19] [B20] [B21] [B22].
In the study conducted using cinnamon patches, the overactive bladder symptom scores and residual urine volume after urination were identified [B13]. In the study which used green tea, the level of depression was assessed while measuring the severity of depressive symptoms through bouldering [B12]. In the study that used aromatherapy, the behavior, psychology, daily living ability, and cognitive function of the patients with dementia were also assessed [B10].
The present study employed text mining techniques to analyze the literature on CAM published over the past five years and identify trends in nursing research. The text network analysis revealed keywords with high TF-IDF and degree centrality, such as 'cell', 'patient', 'treatment', 'cancer', 'study', and 'effect', suggesting a strong focus on cellular mechanisms, patient-centered approaches, and treatment effects, particularly in the context of cancer [ 22 , 23 ]. The high centrality of these keywords indicates their importance and influence within the broader network of CAM research [ 24 , 25 ]. The topic modeling approach identified 15 major topics, providing a comprehensive overview of the key areas of focus in recent CAM research. This data-driven method offers a more nuanced understanding of research trends compared to previous studies that relied on arbitrary searches or focused on narrow populations or interventions [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. By employing this systematic approach, the present study captures the breadth and diversity of CAM research, overcoming the limitations of previous nursing studies.
An expert panel of 9 individuals (3 doctors, 3 nurses, and 3 pharmacists), each holding a master's or doctoral degree, conducted a survey to classify topics based on keywords. According to the expert classification results shown in Table 2 , Topics 1–3, 5–6, and 9–15 were classified as Medicine, Topics 4 and 7 as Nursing, and Topics 8 and 10 as Pharmacology. While Topics 4 and 7 were found to be nursing-related, closer examination revealed the presence of literature from other medical disciplines within these topics. To address this issue and clarify the nursing-specific research, a further refinement of the literature search was conducted using the PICO framework. The keywords from Topics 4 and 7 were used to formulate a focused research question and search strategy, yielding a final selection of 34 articles, with 12 nursing-specific articles and 22 articles from other disciplines. Analyzing trends in nursing and interdisciplinary studies within the context of the existing literature provides a more comprehensive understanding of CAM research trends. From a nursing perspective, the identification of topics related to patient care, such as symptom management, quality of life, and patient education, highlights the potential for CAM interventions to improve patient outcomes and experiences. The prominence of keywords such as 'patient', 'treatment', and 'effect' highlights the need for evidence-based practice and the need for rigorous studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAM interventions in nursing care. Furthermore, the expert panel's validation of Topics 4 and 7 as relevant to nursing research emphasizes the relevance of these areas within the nursing discipline. Topic 4, which includes keywords such as 'trial', 'effect', 'yoga', 'anxiety', and 'depression', suggests a focus on the psychological benefits of CAM interventions, particularly in the context of clinical trials. This aligns with the growing recognition of the importance of holistic, patient-centered care in nursing practice [ 3 , 4 ]. Topic 7, which includes keywords such as 'practice', 'evidence', 'education', 'knowledge', and 'attitudes', highlights the importance of evidence-based practice and the need for nurse education and training in CAM. As CAM interventions become increasingly popular among patients, it is crucial for nurses to have the knowledge and skills needed to provide safe and effective care [ 5 , 6 ]. The insights gained from this study highlight the potential of text mining and topic modeling techniques for investigating research trends in various fields [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. By leveraging these methods, researchers can systematically analyze large volumes of literature, identify key areas of focus, and uncover patterns and trends that may not be apparent through traditional review methods [ 14 , 15 ]. This approach can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the current state of research and inform future directions for investigation.
In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the value of text mining and topic modeling techniques in analyzing research trends, particularly in the field of CAM [ 9 , 10 ]. The systematic approach employed in this study allowed for a more comprehensive and data-driven exploration of the research landscape, overcoming the limitations of previous studies and providing valuable insights into the trends in nursing research on CAM. The findings of this study have significant implications for nursing practice, highlighting the need for evidence-based approaches, patient-centered care, and the integration of CAM interventions into nursing education and training. Future studies should consider adopting similar methodological approaches to investigate research trends in other fields, as this can lead to a more complete understanding of the current state of research and inform future directions for investigation.
The trends analysis of nursing and interdisciplinary studies on CAM revealed notable differences in research design, subject characteristics, intervention types, and assessment methods. Nursing studies exhibited a more balanced distribution of research designs, including randomized controlled trials [A2, A4, A7, A8], non-randomized comparative trials [A3, A5, A6], descriptive survey studies [A1, A9-A11], and a qualitative study [A12]. In contrast, other disciplines predominantly utilized experimental designs, with 95.2% of the studies being randomized controlled trials [B1-B3, B5-B18, B20-B22]. This disparity suggests that nursing research on CAM should expand its focus on experimental studies to enhance the evidence base and align with the methodological approaches of other disciplines.
The subject characteristics of nursing studies differed significantly from those of other disciplines, with nursing research primarily focusing on healthcare professionals and students [A1, A3, A6, A9-A12], while other disciplines exclusively studied patient populations [B1-B22]. This highlights the need for nursing research to diversify its study subjects and investigate the effects of CAM interventions on patients and healthcare providers [ 28 , 29 ], as well as broader community and general health populations [ 3 , 6 ]. By expanding its scope, nursing research can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and applicability of CAM interventions in promoting health and well-being across diverse settings and populations [ 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 ]. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, are uniquely positioned to bridge the gap between healthcare settings and the community, engaging with patients and community members to assess their health needs and provide evidence-based recommendations for CAM interventions [ 1 , 2 ]. This expanded focus, coupled with interdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge exchange [ 9 , 10 ], can lead to the development of innovative, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based CAM interventions that address the complex health needs of individuals and communities alike.
A closer examination of the intervention types in nursing studies reveals that although they focused on a relatively limited range of CAM modalities, such as yoga [A2, A5, A8] and auricular acupressure [A7], these interventions demonstrated promising potential for managing various symptoms and conditions. For instance, yoga was found to be effective in reducing psychological symptoms and cortisol levels in college students [A2], alleviating chemotherapy-related symptoms in cancer patients [A5], and improving post-traumatic stress disorder among traffic accident survivors [A8]. Similarly, auricular acupressure was shown to help decrease angina symptoms in hypertensive patients [A7]. These research findings suggest that even though the scope of CAM interventions in nursing research may be limited, they can provide significant benefits to diverse patient populations [ 2 , 4 , 22 ]. In contrast, the wide array of CAM interventions investigated in other disciplines, such as aromatherapy for dementia [B10], green tea for depression in HIV patients [B5], laser acupuncture for peripheral arterial disease [B1], cinnamon patch for irritable bladder syndrome [B13], bouldering psychotherapy for depression [B12], Tai-chi and meridian pressure for insomnia [B9], and moxibustion for Crohn's disease [B3], demonstrates the potential for nursing research to explore and apply new therapies. The safety, efficacy, and potential of these diverse CAM modalities, as evidenced in other disciplines [ 23 , 24 ], should encourage nursing researchers to investigate their applicability in patient care. By conducting rigorous studies on the safety and efficacy of various CAM interventions, nursing research can provide valuable evidence to support the integration of complementary therapies into nursing practice [ 2 , 4 , 22 ]. Moreover, this trends analysis emphasizes the importance of studying CAM interventions for chronic disease management. With the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions [ 1 , 9 , 10 ], nursing research can play a pivotal role in evaluating the effectiveness of CAM for managing these diseases. Studies on yoga for hypertension [B2] and arthritis [B18], auricular acupressure for insomnia and depression [B20, B21], and moxibustion for Crohn's disease [B3] demonstrate the potential of CAM in improving patient outcomes and quality of life. As nurses have more direct and prolonged contact with patients compared to other healthcare professionals, they are well-positioned to assess the effectiveness of CAM interventions in both clinical and community settings [ 3 , 5 ]. By conducting well-designed studies on the safety and efficacy of various CAM modalities, nursing research can provide the necessary evidence to support the integration of complementary therapies into chronic disease management plans, ultimately enhancing patient care and outcomes across diverse settings. Leveraging their unique role in patient care and conducting rigorous studies on the safety and efficacy of various CAM interventions, particularly for chronic disease management, can enable nursing research to make significant contributions to the integration of complementary therapies into nursing practice. This approach has the potential to not only improve patient outcomes and experiences but also strengthen the evidence base for CAM in healthcare, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration in CAM research and advancing the field of nursing.
The analysis of assessment methods revealed that nursing studies heavily relied on self-developed measurement instruments (58.3%) [A3, A5, A6, A9-A12], while other disciplines predominantly used previously validated tools [B1-B22]. Furthermore, nursing studies rarely incorporated physiological indicators (8.3%) [A2], in contrast to the more frequent use of such measures in other disciplines (36.3%) [B1-B22]. These findings underscore the importance of utilizing validated assessment tools and physiological indicators in nursing research to enhance the reliability and validity of study results [ 31 ]. By incorporating these objective measures, nursing research can more clearly identify significant factors and strengthen the level of evidence, ultimately improving the credibility and applicability of the results.
The trends analysis of statistical techniques revealed a higher prevalence of independent t-tests in nursing research (83.3%) [A1-A5, A7-A11], while other disciplines showed a more balanced use of various techniques, including one-way ANOVA (45.5%) [B3, B6, B7, B9, B11, B14, B18, B20-B22] and repeated measures ANOVA (31.8%) [B2, B4, B10, B11, B15, B20, B22]. This difference can be attributed to the nature of the dependent variables assessed in each field, with nursing studies primarily focusing on single assessments of knowledge, attitudes, education, beliefs, and symptoms [A1, A3-A11], whereas other disciplines frequently employed repeated measures of pain, depression, response rate, serum levels, and neurological outcomes [B2-B4, B6-B8, B10, B11, B14-B22]. These findings underscore the importance of aligning the choice of statistical techniques with the nature of the outcome measures to ensure the validity and reliability of the research findings.
In conclusion, the trends analysis of nursing and interdisciplinary studies on CAM highlights the need for nursing research to expand its focus on experimental designs, diversify study subjects, explore various CAM interventions, utilize validated assessment tools and physiological indicators, and employ robust statistical techniques. By addressing these methodological considerations, nursing research can strengthen the evidence base for CAM interventions, facilitate their integration into nursing practice, and contribute to interdisciplinary dialogue in the field of CAM research [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. As CAM use becomes increasingly prevalent among patients, particularly those with chronic conditions [ 1 , 9 , 10 ], nursing research has a crucial role to play in investigating the safety and efficacy of various CAM modalities [ 2 , 4 , 22 ]. This approach not only has the potential to improve patient outcomes and experiences but also enables nursing research to make valuable contributions to interdisciplinary collaboration in the field of CAM [ 3 , 5 ]. By embracing the diversity of CAM interventions and fostering interdisciplinary interactions, nursing research can broaden its scope, enhance the efficiency of patient-focused care, and move closer to providing truly holistic care that addresses the multifaceted needs of patients. Also, the integration of CAM into nursing practice, supported by robust research evidence, has the power to transform healthcare delivery and improve the lives of patients, particularly those with chronic conditions who stand to benefit greatly from a more comprehensive and individualized approach to care.
The trends analysis of nursing and interdisciplinary studies on CAM highlights the potential for nursing research to draw inspiration from the diverse CAM interventions studied in other disciplines and adapt them for nursing practice. For example, the use of aromatherapy for dementia [B10], green tea for depression in HIV patients [B5], and cinnamon patch for irritable bladder syndrome [B13] could be explored in nursing research to assess their feasibility and effectiveness in nursing care settings. By learning from the experiences of other disciplines and adapting promising CAM interventions for nursing practice, researchers can expand the scope of nursing research on CAM and contribute to the development of innovative, evidence-based complementary therapies for various patient populations. Given the current trends in nursing research on CAM, it is essential for future studies to consider the research directions and methodologies employed in other disciplines to guide the advancement of nursing science in this field. In summary, this trends analysis emphasizes the need for nursing research to embrace a more diverse and rigorous approach to CAM research, drawing inspiration from the methodologies and interventions studied in other disciplines. By expanding the focus on experimental designs, diversifying study subjects, exploring novel CAM interventions, utilizing validated assessment tools and physiological indicators, nursing research can strengthen the evidence base for CAM interventions, facilitate their integration into nursing practice.
This study aimed to identify research trends in CAM through text network analysis and to analyze nursing research trends based on the findings. The use of text mining and big data analysis allowed for a more comprehensive and less biased approach to data collection and processing compared to arbitrary search strategies. However, there were still limitations in defining each field intuitively due to the diverse and wide-ranging areas of CAM used in different disciplines. Future studies should focus on analyzing overall topics across various fields as well as keyword extraction through text mining to gain a more holistic understanding of CAM research trends. Another limitation of this study is that the search languages were restricted to Korean and English. This may have excluded relevant studies published in other languages and might limit the generalizability of the findings. As CAM is rooted in diverse cultures and traditions worldwide, it is important to include studies conducted in various languages for a comprehensive understanding. Future research should incorporate more languages to provide a global perspective on CAM research trends.
Despite these limitations, this study offers a novel methodological strategy for trend analysis by combining keywords extracted using big data rather than relying on researchers' arbitrary settings. The keyword-based classification and literature analysis provide a new approach to identifying research trends and directions. The trends analysis between nursing literature and other disciplines revealed differences in subject selection, study design, statistical techniques, and measurement of dependent variables, highlighting the need for nursing research to broaden the range of subjects and measurement tools while considering randomization and generalization in experimental designs. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of using design techniques that facilitate the sharing of research results beyond the nursing community.
This study significantly advances CAM research in nursing by providing a comprehensive, data-driven overview of research trends. We have identified key areas for improvement, such as the need for more randomized controlled trials and broader subject diversity, and have proposed innovative methodological strategies. Our findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and the adoption of diverse, rigorous research approaches. By addressing these gaps, nursing research in CAM can be strengthened, ultimately enhancing the integration of evidence-based CAM practices in nursing care and improving patient outcomes.
The data and materials of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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The authors thank all participants who accepted to be part of this work.
This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022R1F1A1071533)
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Study design: JN, HP, and HL; Data collection and Data analysis : JN and HL ;Study supervision: HP; Manuscript writing: JN, HL, and SL Critical revisions for important intellectual content: HP. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Hyojung Park .
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This study was granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval, as it utilized secondary data. The exemption was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Ewha Womans University (IRB No: ewha-202304–0016-01). Informed consent was not required due to the nature of the study, which involved the analysis of existing data that did not include any personally identifiable information. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
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Nam, J., Lee, H., Lee, S. et al. Literature review of complementary and alternative therapies: using text mining and analysis of trends in nursing research. BMC Nurs 23 , 526 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02172-9
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While significant advances in treating and preventing Alzheimer’s and related dementias have been made recently, there continues to be a critical need to provide comprehensive care for those currently living with dementia as well as increase supports for their care partners. NIH currently funds a broad portfolio of care and caregiver research, from developing new research tools and measures to understanding the economic impact of dementia to supporting more than 220 trials of care and caregiving interventions.
In March 2023, NIH held the 2023 Dementia Care and Caregiving Research Summit , one of three rotating summits (including one on Alzheimer’s and another on Alzheimer’s-related dementias). The goal of the event was to review research progress, highlight innovative and promising research, and identify unmet needs with input from the broader research community, persons living with dementia and their care partners, providers of health care and supports to persons living with dementia, and other stakeholders. Informed by the 2023 summit, NIH established eight new research implementation milestones to help guide future research activities in dementia care and caregiving.
In addition to the summit, the views and perspectives of persons living with dementia and their care partners are gathered via other forums to inform NIH research activities. For example, the NIH-funded IMbedded Pragmatic Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s-Related Dementias Clinical Trials (IMPACT) Collaboratory works to build the nation’s capacity to conduct pragmatic trials; that is, clinical trials of nondrug interventions where people already live and work, including in skilled nursing facilities (“nursing homes”). In 2021, the IMPACT Collaboratory established the Lived Experience Panel , comprised of people living with cognitive symptoms or caring for persons living with dementia. This panel helps inform research priorities and identify challenges that are important to the broader community of people living with dementia and their care partners. The panel issued a report (PDF, 530K) in 2023 outlining key issues in health equity for dementia care and research. This report is already being used to inform the design of upcoming pragmatic trials. Further, NIH hosted the ADRD Research Roundtable in 2023, which brought together nonprofit leaders, persons with lived experience, and NIH staff to discuss gaps and opportunities in Alzheimer’s-related dementias research.
Moreover, quality care depends on several factors, including the training and expertise of care providers. NIH continues to fund research exploring the impact of training initiatives for care providers, including health care workers. For example, a small study of nurse care managers found that providing these important care providers with telephone-based dementia care training improved several aspects of care . Compared to those without such training, trained nurse care managers were more likely to engage in a range of positive care behaviors. For example, trained managers engaged in more conversations with family caregivers about safety, including identifying backup caregivers; initiated more conversations about advanced care planning; engaged in more discussions regarding family caregiver wellbeing; and increased their identification of behavioral symptoms (e.g., depression, agitation), which can enable subsequent management of these symptoms.
Researchers also found that, for persons living with dementia residing in skilled nursing facilities, certain characteristics of these nursing facilities may affect quality of care . More specifically, nursing homes where more than 90% of residents have dementia seem to provide better dementia care than nursing homes with a lower proportion of residents with the condition. For example, facilities where 90% or more of residents have dementia had significantly higher-skilled nursing hours per resident than nursing homes with lower percentages. In addition, hospitalization and emergency department admissions for residents with dementia dropped rapidly as the proportion of these residents increased. These findings suggest that different standards may be appropriate for supporting care for nursing home residents with dementia and may have important implications for staffing at skilled nursing facilities.
NIH continues to support research to better understand the factors affecting the dementia care workforce and staffing levels. In 2023, NIH funded the National Dementia Workforce Study , which will help generate new insights into the nature and training of the professional dementia care workforce and connect this information to objective measures of care delivered to persons living with dementia. This effort will complement the activities of the Advancing Workforce Analysis and Research for Dementia (AWARD) Network, launched in 2022. This network aims to advance research on the dementia direct care workforce — including geriatricians, social workers, home care aides, and nursing assistants, among others — to inform evidence-based policy and practice decisions.
Last updated: August 5, 2024
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Initiative for Critical Disaster Studies
NYU Gallatin School of Individualized Study
Note that not all courses will be offered in all semesters. Check on Albert or with the NYU school for information on when a listed course is offered.
Jacob Remes | IDSEM-UG 2070
It can seem like we are living in an era of constant disaster: climate change leads to more floods and droughts, heatwaves and storms; global urbanization to seismically active cities leads to massively destructive and fatal earthquakes; highly complex systems on which we increasingly rely fail; radiation, chemicals, and other effluvium of modernity go where they are not intended and harm us. This course takes up the idea of disaster to ask interpretive questions about how and why disasters operate in society. What constitutes a disaster? What makes disasters different from ordinary bad things? How does society shape the experience of disaster, and how does disaster shape society? What makes people vulnerable to disaster? What does it mean to be resilient? Disasters are moments of severe distress, deprivation—and also possibility. How people, organizations, and governments have responded and continue to respond to disasters says much about how we imagine society to be and how we hope it will be in the future. Readings may include texts by Kai Erikson, Eric Klinenberg, Rebecca Solnit, Dara Strolovitch, and others.
Nina Cornyetz | IDSEM-UG 1340
On August 6, 1945 the city of Hiroshima in Japan was leveled by the first atomic bomb. On August 9, the city of Nagasaki was leveled by the second bomb. It is estimated that between 210,000 and 270,000 people were killed, some immediately, some from the radiation days or months later. These estimates do not include more long-term impacts of the radiation, such as birth defects, or various cancers. How can we, as human beings, make sense of these events? How can we cope with, and represent unthinkable trauma? What are the politics of such representation? What processes of healing are possible through remembering? Is it important to represent such traumas, and if so, why? This course will explore a selection of historical, literary, cinematic, and other venues in which this unrepresentable trauma was, and continues to be, indeed, represented. We will aim at exploring the processes of mourning, remembering, and representing collective cultural trauma. Readings will include: Hein and Selden, Living With the Bomb , Sontag, Regarding the Pain of Others, LaCapra, Writing History, Writing Trauma, Sigmund Freud, “Mourning and Melancholia,” and selected short fiction, poetry and photographs. We will also view documentary footage and the narrative film Black Rain .
Lauren Walsh | IDSEM-UG 2045
This seminar asks, “What does peace look like?” What are the visual narratives of post-conflict societies, and how do they conform to or complicate our generalized notions and expectations around what “peace” means? Taking into account a history of war photography, and the uses of such imagery in journalism and by humanitarian NGOs, we explore the impact of persistently negative visual narratives of countries or regions as we contemplate the value of “peace photography.” This seminar examines how the camera can be used to document and reframe received narratives. We study four post-conflict countries (Nicaragua, Bosnia, Rwanda, and Colombia), delving into bodies of postwar photographic documentation; we look at each country on its own and also compare countries to see if there are “tropes of peace.” Such tropes can have global ramifications, affecting geopolitics, humanitarian endeavor, and, as we’ll see, they play out on a highly personal level as well. Students write analytic papers as well as produce visual projects, and our texts cover journalistic, sociological, historical, and human rights studies while spanning photographic, written, and filmic forms. Guest speakers, photographers who have covered war and/or peace, will deepen our conversations.
Lauren Walsh and Oscar Martinez | IDSEM-UG
Karen Holmberg | IDSEM-UG 1852
The volcano is a double-edged sword; volcanism provides the world’s most fertile soils and useful natural resources, yet is also the source of immense natural hazard and some of the most extreme global climate changes in human experience. What are the myths, ancient and modern, around volcanoes? How was their early modern scientific observation and conception linked to the Romantic sublime? What role do they play in 21st century conceptions of geoengineering to combat climate change? And what could go wrong? Over the course of this semester, the ongoing, unpredictable volcanic activity will help determine how we cover these questions and others, so that, like our subject, our class will be a dynamic, living entity. Other themes may include fake volcanoes, deep sea vents and the first life, extinction-level events, eruptions that never happened, Caribbean slavery, and geoheritage. In addition to scientific journal articles we will draw upon a newly published open-access edited volume, Observing the Volcano World (2018). Discussions of who has access to science, video interviews with leading volcanologists about their research, and incorporation of creative depictions of geophysical processes in the music of Nina Simone and Bjork, films of Werner Herzog, poetry of Anne Carson, or movie depictions such as the 1913 silent film The Last Days of Pompeii or the 1990 Tom Hanks film Joe versus the Volcano are all fair game as ways to examine and explore Earth science methods and concepts and how we intersect with the Earth.
Karen Holmberg | IDSEM-UG 2004
This course entwines archaeology, geomorphology, climate change considerations, and science fiction to think about the changing coastlines of New York City and the impact of urbanism on the natural environment. We will examine the past, present, and future of our waterways and become familiar with the range of marine biology projects currently in place in the New York harbor area. The course will entail several field trips, including to The River Project wetlab, the NYC Archaeology Repository, and the CoGen power plant. A major portion of the course will be centered around the artifact that each student will choose to examine from an archaeological site located in early landfilled sites from the 16th-century. In addition to scientific publications, we will draw from historic representations such as The Big Oyster by Mark Kurlansky, the futuristic imaginations of Kim Stanley Robinson’s NY 2140, and contemporary efforts such as the Billion Oyster Project to regenerate the waterways in order to envision the relationship between the historical, contemporary, and future material culture and coastlines of New York City.
Karen Holmberg, Elizabeth Henaff, and Tega Brain | IDSEM-UG 2078 and DM-UY 4114 section A
Building on influences and dreamworlds from theorists, artists, designers, and scientists, RadLab offers an invitation to address what we are calling ‘radical ecologies’, or collective forms of life. We will incorporate experimental methods and field-based techniques in humanities-centered modes of social and cultural analyses to more critically and creatively examine the increasingly porous boundaries that structure our social and biological existence. Some of the topics we will discuss and experiment with include indeterminacy versus risk, multispecies work, the temporality of toxicity, and how we perceive planetary phenomena. Scholars and artists such as Karen Barad, Donna Harraway, Anna Tsing, and Mel Chen are representative of some of the work that will be drawn into our conversations of scientific readings. Students will combine oral presentation, creative projects, and written work to experiment with critical-creative apparatuses that might teach us how to attend and attune more intimately with the materialities of novel, unfamiliar ecologies in everyday lives.
Benedetta Piantella and Elizabeth Henaff | DM-GY 9103 K
We rely on innumerous centralized systems for most of our basic needs including power, communication, healthcare and food. In times of crisis these centralized systems become major points of failure and their infrastructure is slow to adapt and change. In this course we will explore open challenges and flexible responses to real-world disruptions such as when the NYC power grid goes down, when street level flooding impedes transport or when a virus outbreak occurs. This course is a choose-your-own-adventure citizen science & design research class that aims to leverage resource constraints as design opportunities. The course is organized around four modules based on real-world scenarios which will introduce tools, methods and practical skills around fermentation, wireless networking, energy production and harvesting, citizen science and environmental sensing. The modules include expert lectures, collaborations with local Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), hands-on workshops and field trips. Students will work in groups and individually to respond to design briefs within a specific context and its constraints through a series of short assignments. The class aims to empower students to contribute to the resiliency of their communities in the face of change and uncertainty.
Eric Klinenberg | SOC-UA 454
This seminar examines how sociology can help us understand the challenge of climate change. We will briefly overview the climate science and learn about the rise of “weird weather,” but the core themes of the course concern questions about communication and cognition, cultural values and material consumption, politics and persuasion, mitigation and adaptation, economics and social justice, power and social movements, and the possibility of creating new, more sustainable ways of living on earth. We will dedicate several sessions dedicated to Superstorm Sandy and its aftermath, with a focus on the question of how to rebuild a more resilient city and region in anticipation of more extreme weather events.
Theresa Bucco | NURSE-UG 1311
This course explores the emergency response and management in different disasters, including environmental, mass casualty, public health emergencies, terrorism, and bioterrorism with emphasis on the interdisciplinary role of nursing. The discussion on disaster planning and management will be organized around the four phases of disaster, (1) mitigation, (2) preparedness, (3) response, and (4) recovery. The course will also address leadership, management and policy issues in disaster nursing to deepen understanding of the importance of protecting all aspects of health throughout the disaster life cycle. Students will also discuss the historical perspective of disaster management and learn to prepare for future disasters, their risks and impact on the communities with particular emphasis on the organization, management and mobilization of resources. The student will discuss the humanitarian aspects of emergencies and disasters, in particular, the preparedness response and recovery to lessen the socio-economic, psychological and health impact. The role of information technology as well as legal, ethical, and psychosocial implications of disasters and emergencies will be addressed. Partnering with local officials, a case study scenario of a disaster management in the community will be used to teach the care of the vulnerable populations for safe evacuation and mitigation of harm.
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Pediatric Nursing Research Topics. Assess the impact of parental involvement in pediatric asthma treatment adherence. Explore challenges related to chronic illness management in pediatric patients. Review the role of play therapy and other therapeutic interventions that alleviate anxiety among hospitalized children.
As a field that is constantly evolving, there is a great need for new ideas and innovative approaches to address the challenges faced by nurses in their day-to-day practice. In this article, we will explore some exciting nursing research topic ideas that can help guide the development of new studies and inspire nurses to make meaningful ...
However, choosing the right nursing research topic can be challenging, especially for students who are new to the field. To help nursing students and professionals, we have compiled a list of 26 categories and 260 research ideas related to nursing research topics. ... Nursing Research Topics On Ethical Issues In Nursing. End-of-Life Decision ...
Updated: May 2nd, 2024. Nursing education is challenging. Writing hundreds of tedious nursing research pieces is the most frustrating part. But we know how to help you! Discover 350 exciting nursing research topics and learn how to choose the best one. 1 hour! We'll write a 100% customized paper this fast.
Some of the qualitative research methods include narrative inquiry, action research, grounded theory, ethnography, and phenomenology. Below are some of the qualitative topics for nursing research. Application of positivism in qualitative nursing research. Impacts of language barriers on qualitative nursing research.
2. Mental Health Nursing Research Articles Topics. Research papers focusing on mental health are still one of the most read and referred papers. And there's still more scope for research on topics such as: Evaluating the concept of Integrated Mental and Physical Health Care. Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health.
20 Innovative Nursing Research Topics for Clinical Practice. The Impact of nurse-led interventions on patient outcomes. The Effectiveness of Telehealth in managing chronic conditions. The Use of Simulation in nursing education. The Role of Nursing in end-of-life care. The Impact of nurse staffing on patient safety.
Here, we'll explore a variety of nursing-related research ideas and topic thought-starters, including general nursing, medical-surgical nursing, pediatric nursing, obstetrics and gynaecological nursing, ICU and mental health nursing. NB - This is just the start…. The topic ideation and evaluation process has multiple steps.
When choosing a nursing research topic as a student nurse, the topic needs to be interesting, relevant, original, and meaningful. Cardiovascular diseases associated with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1. Care for patients with end-stage congestive heart failure. Pharmacology treatment for sickle cell anemia.
Between January 2022 (Volume 31, Issue 1) and the current May 2023 journal issue (Volume 32, Issue 3), AJCC published 71 reports of original research. These recent papers addressed a wide range of research topics, including bedside patient care, palliative and end-of-life care, intensive care unit (ICU) survivorship, measurement and prediction of patient problems, family concerns ...
Recommendation 3: By 2021, nursing education programs, employers, nursing leaders, licensing boards, and nursing organizations should initiate the implementation of structures, systems, and evidence-based interventions to promote nurses' health and well-being, especially as they take on new roles to advance health equity.
These topics often have the potential to generate innovative and effective research. Consider ethical issues. Consider topics related to ethical issues in nursing practice. For example, bereavement care, informed consent, and patient privacy are all ethical issues that can be explored in an EBP project.
Discover the best research topics for nursing students with our comprehensive list of 14 relevant and interesting ideas. Explore topics like patient outcomes, healthcare-associated infections, end-of-life care, cultural diversity, and more.
List of Nursing Research Topics: Nursing Workforce. The impact of nurse staffing levels on patient outcomes in acute care settings. The effectiveness of nurse retention strategies on improving nurse job satisfaction. The role of nursing leadership in creating a positive work environment.
Nursing Research is a peer-reviewed journal celebrating over 60 years as the most sought-after nursing resource; it offers more depth, more detail, and more of what today's nurses demand. Nursing Research covers key issues, including health promotion, human responses to illness, acute care nursing research, symptom management, cost-effectiveness, vulnerable populations, health services, and ...
Here are some examples of childhood nursing research topics: Antibiotics impact on childhood immunities. Effects of childhood exposure to environmental pollutants. Effects of second-hand smoke inhalation in early life. Ethics of pediatric care. Genetic factors of diabetes in children.
The mission of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) is to promote and improve the health of individuals, families, and communities. To achieve this mission, NINR supports and conducts clinical and basic research and research training on health and illness, research that spans and integrates the behavioral and biological sciences, and that develops the scientific basis for clinical ...
Current Nursing research proposal topics. Nursing research proposal topics can vary greatly, depending on the type of research you're looking to conduct. Some common topics include: The effects of sleep deprivation on nurses. The use of technology in nursing care. The effect of patient communication skills on nurses' outcomes.
New Topics About Nursing Research. Looking after people in pain is an important part of healthcare. It's all about relieving suffering and making the patient feel better. Here are some more nursing topics for research paper. Treatments to help stroke patients recover their motor functions; Techniques to prevent and deal with post-traumatic ...
Here are the Hot 120 Research Topics for Nursing Students. You'll get the different nursing research topics from different nursing study categories. ... There are many variables that affect the success of women's care, and it is the responsibility of a new professional to be aware of them. Analysis of premenstrual syndrome's emotional symptoms;
50 Good Nursing Research Topics. Here is one more list of the nursing topics for research paper. We hope that at least one of these ideas will inspire you or give a clue. Advantages of Pet Therapy in Kids with the Autism Disorder. Contemporary Approaches to Vaccinating Teenagers.
Impacts of nursing ethics on evidence-based practice. Strategies to address the implementation gap between practice, research, and knowledge in nursing. Using social media to promote the dissemination of evidence-based practice. Strategies for implementing and translating evidence-based practice. Benefits of frequently training nursing staff on ...
Nursing Research is a peer-reviewed journal celebrating over 60 years as the most sought-after nursing resource; it offers more depth, more detail, and more of what today's nurses demand. Nursing Research covers key issues, including health promotion, human responses to illness, acute care nursing research, symptom management, cost-effectiveness, vulnerable populations, health services, and ...
The utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in nursing practice is witnessing unprecedented growth, fundamentally reshaping healthcare delivery. AI is increasingly harnessed in various ways from clinical decision support to telehealth and remote monitoring. This Research Topic delves into the transformative impact of AI within nursing through a specialized lens focusing on management and ...
A thesis is a firm statement of claim regarding your topic. Where a topic simply names a subject area that could be discussed in any of a variety of ways, the thesis actually moves the discussion of that topic in a very certain direction. The thesis says something concrete about the topic. When making a thesis, keep a few things in mind.
The new tool could help scientists unlock the benefits of psychedelic treatments for patients with brain disorders. "It's important to think about the cellular mechanisms that these psychedelics act upon," said Christina Kim , an assistant professor of neurology at the UC Davis Center for Neuroscience and School of Medicine, and an ...
PhD Role (Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing): Focus: Generating new knowledge and conducting original research. theoretical foundations, research methodologies, and the development of nursing science Activities: Designing and implementing research studies, analyzing data, publishing findings in peer-reviewed journals, and teaching at academic institutions
Purpose This study aimed to review the literature on complementary and alternative therapies, utilizing text mining and trend analysis in nursing research. As CAM becomes increasingly prevalent in healthcare settings, a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape is essential to guide evidence-based practice, inform clinical decision-making, and ultimately enhance patient ...
Informed by the 2023 summit, NIH established eight new research implementation milestones to help guide future research activities in dementia care and caregiving. In addition to the summit, the views and perspectives of persons living with dementia and their care partners are gathered via other forums to inform NIH research activities.
Some of the topics we will discuss and experiment with include indeterminacy versus risk, multispecies work, the temporality of toxicity, and how we perceive planetary phenomena. ... Disaster Nursing & Emergency Preparedness. ... Latest Research News. New Ideas in Climate Change and Critical Disaster Studies February 15, 2021; Research News Topics.