chemical equilibrium homework packet

Chemistry Steps

General Chemistry

• Chemical Equilibrium

This equilibrium practice problem set includes questions on writing the equilibrium constant of given chemical reactions, determining the value of the equilibrium constant based on the concentrations and partial pressures of gases , deriving a new expression for an equilibrium constant from separate reactions , converting between K c and K p , c alculating the quotient and determining the course of the reaction,  c alculations of concentrations based on the quotient and equilibrium constant, as well as working on equilibrium reactions based on the Le Châtelier’s principle .

The links to the corresponding articles are provided herein:

• Equilibrium Constant
• K p and Partial Pressure
• K p  and  K c Relationship
• K  Changes with Chemical Equation
• Equilibrium Constant K from Two Reactions
• Reaction Quotient –  Q
• ICE Table – Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
• ICE Table Practice Problems
• Le Châtelier’s principle
• Le Châtelier’s principle Practice Problems
• Chemical Equilibrium Practice Problems

Write the equilibrium expression ( K ) for each of the following reactions.

A) N 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2NO( g )

B) 2NOCl( g ) ⇆ 2NO( g ) + Cl 2 ( g )

C) CH 3 COOH( aq ) ⇆ H + ( aq ) + CH 3 COO 2 – ( aq )

D) 2CuS( s ) + 3O 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2CuO( s ) + 2SO 2 ( g )

E) CO 2 ( g ) + 3H 2 ( g ) ⇆ CH 3 OH( g ) + H 2 O( g )

F) 2SO 3 ( g ) ⇆ 2SO 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g )

G) CaCO 3 ( s ) ⇆ CaO( s ) + CO 2 ( g )

H) Fe 2 O 3 ( s ) + 3CO( g ) ⇆ 2Fe( s ) + 3CO 2 ( g )

I) 4HCl( g ) + O 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2Cl 2 ( g ) + 2H 2 O( g )

J) CO 3 2- ( aq ) + H 2 O( l ) ⇆ HCO 3 – ( aq ) + OH – ( aq )

K) P 4 (s) + 5O 2 (g) ⇆ P 4 O 10 (s)

l) 2H + ( aq ) + Zn(s) ⇆ H 2 ( g ) + Zn 2+ ( aq )

Tree different reactions are represented in the diagram below. The reaction equations can be written as A + X ⇆ AX (X = B, C, or D).

(a) Which reaction has the largest equilibrium constant? (b) Which reaction has the smallest equilibrium constant?

The following graph represents an initial mixture of N 2 and H 2 at high temperature and pressure:

The gases react to form ammonia gas (NH 3 ) as represented by the following concentration profile:

a) Label each plot on the graph as H 2 , N 2 , or NH 3 , and explain your answers.

b) What information do the relative shapes of the plots tell us?

c) At what time is equilibrium reached?

At a particular temperature, it is determined for the reaction

2NO( g ) + 2H 2 ( g ) ⇆ N 2 ( g ) + 2H 2 O( g )

that at equilibrium, the concentrations are as follows: [NO( g )] = 3.2 x 10 -3 M , [H 2 ( g )] = 6.7 x 10 -6 M, [N 2 ( g )] = 4.8 x 10 -2 M, and [H 2 O( g )] = 2.4 x 10 -2 M. What is the value of the equilibrium constant K for the reaction at this temperature?

Given the equilibrium concentrations, calculate the value of the equilibrium constant K for the reaction between CO 2 and H 2 that produces methanol and water at high temperature.

CO 2 ( g ) + 3H 2 ( g ) ⇆ CH 3 OH( g ) + H 2 O( g )

[CO 2 ] = 0.061 M , [H 2 ] = 0.079 M , [CH 3 OH] = 4.7 x 10 2 M , and [H 2 O] = 5.7 x 10 4 M Calculate the value of K for the reaction.

The reaction for converting methane to acetylene has an equilibrium constant of K = 0.154 at 2000 K.

2CH 4 (g) ⇆ C 2 H 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g)

Calculate the equilibrium constant for this process if the reaction is represented as follows:

a) CH 4 (g) ⇆ 1/2C 2 H 2 (g) + 3/2H 2 (g)

b) 4CH 4 (g) ⇆ 2C 2 H 2 (g) + 6H 2 (g)

c) 6CH 4 (g) ⇆ 3C 2 H 2 (g) + 9H 2 (g)

The following reaction has an equilibrium constant of K p = 4.42 x 10 -5 at 298 K:

CH 3 OH( g ) ⇆ CO ( g ) + 2H 2 ( g )

a) CO( g ) + 2H 2 ( g ) ⇆ CH 3 OH( g )

b) 2CH 3 OH( g ) ⇆ 2CO( g ) + 4H 2 ( g )

c) 1/2CH 3 OH( g ) ⇆ 1/2CO( g ) + H 2 ( g )

The equilibrium constant values for the reactions below were determined at a certain temperature:

S( s ) + O 2 ( g ) ⇆ SO 2 ( g )     K a = 3.2 x 10 45

2S( s ) + 3O 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2SO 3 ( g )     K b = 3.2 x 10 124

Using these data, determine the equilibrium constant K c for the following reaction:

2SO 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2SO 3 ( g )     K c = ?

2NO(g) ⇆ N 2 (g) + O 2 (g) K a = 3.8 x 10 32

NO( g ) + 1/2Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ NOCl( g ) K b = 6.4

1/2N 2 (g) + 1/2O 2 (g) + 1/2Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ NOCl( g ) Kc = ?

The following equilibrium pressures were observed at a certain temperature for the Haber process

3H 2 ( g ) + N 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2NH 3 ( g )

P( NH 3 ) = 5.2 x 10 9 atm

P( N 2 ) = 6.1 x 10 2 atm

P( H 2 ) = 4.7 x 10 3 atm

Calculate the value for the equilibrium constant K p at this temperature.

Consider the following reactions:

1) H 2 ( g ) + I 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2HI( g )

2) H 2 ( g ) + I 2 ( s ) ⇆ 2HI( g )

In which reaction are the K and K p equal?

At 300 K, the equilibrium concentrations for the following reaction are [CH 3 OH] = 0.240 M , [CO] = 0.350 M , and [H 2 ] = 1.65 M for the reaction

CH 3 OH( g ) ⇆ CO( g ) + 2H 2 ( g )

Calculate K p at this temperature.

Given the equilibrium constant, calculate K p for each of the following reactions at 298 K.

a) N 2 O 4 ( g ) ⇆ 2NO 2 ( g ) K c = 4.6 x 10 -4

b) 3H 2 ( g ) + N 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2NH 3 ( g ) K c = 6.7 x 10 9

c) H 2 ( g ) + B 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2HBr( g ) K c = 5.20 x 10 18

Calculate the K c for each reaction at 298 K.

a) CO( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ COCl 2 ( g ) K p = 5.3 x 10 6

b) CH 4 ( g ) + H 2 O( g ) ⇆ CO( g ) + 3H 2 ( g ) K p = 7.7 x 10 8

c) 2SO 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2SO 3 ( g ) K p = 6.26 x 10 5

Consider the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen gases:

Using the data given in the table, complete the missing numbers assuming that all concentrations are measured at equilibrium.

Consider the following reaction at 298 K:

2NO( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2NOCl( g ) K p = 31.6

In a reaction mixture at equilibrium, the partial pressure of NO is 128 torr and that of Cl 2 is 176 torr. Calculate the partial pressure of NOCl at equilibrium.

The equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 600 o C is determined to be K c = 0.495:

H 2 O( g ) + CO( g ) ⇆ H 2 ( g ) + CO 2 ( g )

Calculate the number of H 2 moles that are present at equilibrium if a mixture of 0.400 mole CO and 0.500 mole H 2 O is heated to 600°C in a 10.0-L container.

The equilibrium constant K c for the following reaction at 800°C is 3.74 x 10 5

H 2 ( g ) + I 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2HI( g )

If 6.25 moles of HI were initially added to a 15.0-L empty vessel, what would the concentrations of H 2 , I 2 , and HI be at equilibrium.

The equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 700 K is K p = 6.7 x 10 -3

CO( g ) + 2H 2 ( g ) ⇆ CH 3 OH( g )

A reaction mixture contains 0.248 atm of H 2 , 0.085 atm of CO, and 0.598 atm of CH 3 OH. Is the reaction mixture at equilibrium? If not, in what direction will the reaction proceed?

For the reaction shown below, K c = 0.654 at 600 K.

N 2 O 4 ( g ) ⇆ 2NO 2 ( g )

If initially, 0.0600 M of N 2 O 4 are present in the reaction vessel, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the gases at 600 K?

For the reaction shown below, K c = 255 at 800 K.

PCl 3 ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ PCl 5 ( g )

If a reaction mixture initially contains 0.3500 M PCl 3 and 0.375 M Cl 2 at 800 K, what are the equilibrium concentrations of all the species in the mixture?

Consider the following reaction characterized with K p = 2.34 x 10 -4 at 250 K:

I 2 ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2ICl( g )

A reaction mixture initially contains I 2 with partial pressure of 655 torr and Cl 2 with partial pressure of 864 torr at 250 K. Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of ICl.

Consider the following reversible reaction:

            POCl 3 (g) ⇌ POCl(g) + Cl 2 (g)     K c = 0.650

The following initial amounts of reactants and products were mixed: [POCl 3 ] = 0.650 M, [POCl] = 0.450 M, and [Cl 2 ] = 0.250 M.

Calculate the reaction quotient, Q c, and determine the equilibrium concentration of POCl?

Consider the following equilibrium:

Initially, there are 0.15 moles of NO and 0.25 moles of H 2 , in a 10.0-L container. If there are 0.056 moles of NO at equilibrium, how many moles of N 2 are present at equilibrium?

          2NOCl( g ) ⇆ 2NO( g ) + Cl 2 ( g )

2.00 mole of pure NOCl and 1.65 mole of pure Cl 2 are placed in a 1.00-L container. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of NO( g ) considering that with K = 2.4 x 10 –6 .

Consider the following equilibrium process

2SO 3 ( g ) ⇆ 2SO 2 ( g ) + O 2 ( g )   Δ H ° = 2198 kJ/mol

How will the concentrations of SO 2 , O 2 , and SO 3 be affected in each scenario?

(a) the temperature is increased

(b) the pressure is decreased by increasing the volume of the container

(c) the concentration of O 2 is increased

(d) a is added catalyst

(e) an inert gas is added at constant volume

Suppose you need to increase the amount of C 3 H 6 Cl 2 produced in the following exothermic reaction:

C 3 H 6 ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ C 3 H 6 Cl 2 ( g )

Which of the following strategies will work once the reaction mixture reaches equilibrium?

a) decreasing the reaction volume

b) removing C 3 H 6 Cl 2 from the reaction mixture as it forms

c) adding a catalyst

d) adding Cl 2

e) increasing the temperature

Predict the shift in the equilibrium position that will occur for each of the following reactions at equilibrium when the volume of the reaction container is increased.

1) PCl 3 ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ PCl 5 ( g )

2) 2NBr 3 ( g ) ⇆ N 2 ( g ) + 3Br 2 ( g )

3) CO( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) ⇆ COCl 2 ( g )

4) H 2 ( g ) + B 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2HBr( g )

5) MgCO 3 ( s ) ⇆ MgO( s ) + CO 2 ( g )

Consider the following equilibrium process for the commercial production of hydrogen:

CO( g ) + H 2 O( g ) ⇆ CO 2 ( g ) + H 2 ( g )    Δ H ° = +42 kJ/mol

Predict the direction of the shift in equilibrium when

(a) the temperature is raised.

(b) more CO gas is added to the reaction mixture.

(c) some CO 2 is removed from the mixture.

(d) the pressure on the gases is increased by changing the volume of the container.

(e) a catalyst is added to the reaction mixture

Consider this reaction at equilibrium:

N 2 + O 2 ( g ) ⇆ 2NO( g )

Predict whether the reaction will shift left, shift right, or remain unchanged after each disturbance.

a) NO is added to the reaction mixture.

b) N 2 is added to the reaction mixture.

c) NO is removed from the reaction mixture.

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Chemical Kinetics and Equilibrium Homework Pack, Exam Questions, with Answers

Subject: Chemistry

Age range: 11 - 18

Resource type: Worksheet/Activity

Last updated

22 February 2018

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