Minimum Duration: 1 Year Maximum Duration: 4 Years Course Fee: Rs. --> Minimum Age: No bar Maximum Age: No bar Eligibility:
Aims of DCE The Diploma Programme in Creative Writing in English provides understanding, skills and professional knowledge about the art of writing and develops the creative ability of those interested in a professional career as a freelance writer. The curriculum is structured to impart instruction in progressive stages so as to ensure that a learner can assimilate information about a writer’s art and develops his/her creative ability. This Programme includes training in imaginative writing skills in relation to feature articles (women’s issues, book reviews, etc), writing short stories, scripts for TV/Radio, and writing poetry. The Diploma in Creative Writing in English comprises two compulsory and four elective courses. Each course is of four credits.
Regional Centre | Study Centre |
HYDERABAD | 0111: AURORA DEGREE COLLEGE (111) |
HYDERABAD | 01151: AV College of Arts,Science & Commerce (01151) |
HYDERABAD | 01160: Vashista Degree & PG College (01160) |
KARNAL | 1087: Dayal Singh College IGNOU LSC 1087 |
SHIMLA | 1101: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE (1101) |
SHIMLA | 1104: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE (1104) |
SHIMLA | 1106: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE CHAMBA (1106) |
SHIMLA | 1113: GOVT. P.G. COLLEGE GDC. Bilaspur (1113) |
JAMMU | 1206: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE (1206) |
JAMMU | 1207: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE (1207) |
JAMMU | 1208: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE (1208) |
JAMMU | 1235: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE (1235) |
JAMMU | 1250: GOVT. DEGREE COLLEGE (BOYS) (1250) |
JAMMU | 1201: UNIVERSITY OF JAMMU (1201) |
BANGALORE | 1309: AL-AMEEN ARTS SCI. & COM. COLL., BANGALORE (1309) |
BANGALORE | 1311: BAPUJI INSTT. OF ENGG & TECH.,DAVANAGERE (1311) |
BANGALORE | 1301: BES COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE BANGALORE (1301) |
BANGALORE | 13163: DR SRI JACHANI FIRST GRADE COLLEGE, CHIKBALLAPUR (13163) |
BANGALORE | 1306: DVS COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE,SHIMOGA (1306) |
BANGALORE | 1302: ST. ALOYSIUS COLLEGE, MANGALORE (1302) |
BANGALORE | 1305: VIDYAVARDHAKA FIRST GRADE COLLEGE,MYSORE (1305) |
COCHIN | 14187: 14187: St. Micheals College |
COCHIN | 14184: AL-AMEEN COLLEGE (14184) |
COCHIN | 14000: IGNOU REGIONAL CENTRE KALOOR ERNAKULAM |
COCHIN | 1477: ST THERESAS COLLEGE (1477) |
COCHIN | 14177: ST. THOMAS COLLEGE, PALA (14177) |
BHOPAL | 15233: ADARSH INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCES (15233) |
BHOPAL | 15256: Bherulal Patidar Govt. P. G. College (15256) |
BHOPAL | 15228: GOVERNMENT P.G.COLLEGE (15228) |
BHOPAL | 1500: IGNOU REGIONAL CENTRE BHOPAL LSC Code 1500 |
BHOPAL | 1501: MOTILAL VIGYAN MAHAVIDYALAYA (1501) |
PUNE | 16144: ABEDA INAMDAR SENIOR COLLEGE OF ARTS SCIENCE AND COMMERCE PUNE 16144 |
PUNE | 1639: M.S.P MANDALS BALBHIM ARTS,SCIENCE&COMMERCE COLLEG (1639) |
IMPHAL | 1702: GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (1702) |
IMPHAL | 1701: MANIPUR UNIVERSITY (1701) |
IMPHAL | 1712: MT EVEREST COLLEGE (1712) |
IMPHAL | 1713: UNITED COLLEGE (1713) |
SHILLONG | 1801: NORTH EASTERN HILL UNIVERSITY (1801) |
SHILLONG | 1802: TURA GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (1802) |
AIZWAL | 1901: GOVERNMENT AIZAWL COLLEGE (1901) |
AIZWAL | 1907: GOVT. HRANGBANA COLLEGE (1907) |
PORT BLAIR | 0201: JNR MAHAVIDYALALA (201) |
PORT BLAIR | 0208: M G GOVT COLLEGE (208) |
KOHIMA | 2036: C EDGE COLLEGE (2036) |
KOHIMA | 2002: DIMAPUR GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (2002) |
KOHIMA | 2001: MODERN COLLEGE (2001) |
KOHIMA | 2035: MT TIYI COLLEGE (2035) |
KOHIMA | 2037: PHEK GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (2037) |
KOHIMA | 2021: ST XAVIER COLLEGE (2021) |
KOHIMA | 2012: ST. JOSEPH"S COLLEGE (2012) |
KOHIMA | 2025: ZISAJI PRESIDENCY GOVT COLLEGE (2025) |
BHUBANESHWAR | 2111: B.J.B. AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE; BHUBANESWAR (2111) |
BHUBANESHWAR | 21185: J.K.B.K. COLLEGE, CUTTACK (21185) |
BHUBANESHWAR | 2104: KHALIKOTE COLLEGE (2104) |
BHUBANESHWAR | 21208: PARADIP COLLEGE (21208) |
KHANNA | 2205: DAV COLLEGE OF EDUCATION FOR WOMEN (2205) |
KHANNA | 2206: GURU NANAK GIRLS COLLEGE (2206) |
KHANNA | 2225: NEHRU MEMORIAL GOVT. COLLEGE (2225) |
KHANNA | 2299: NIRMAN CAMPUS OF EDUCATION RESEARCH and TRAINING LSC 2299 |
JAIPUR | 2310: D.A.V. COLLEGE, SRIGANGANAGAR (2310) |
JAIPUR | 2306: GOVT COLLEGE, AJMER (2306) |
JAIPUR | 23135: GOVT. ARTS PG COLLEGE, KOTA (23135) |
JAIPUR | 23129: GOVT. PG COLLEGE BUNDI (23129) |
JAIPUR | 23131: GOVT. PG COLLEGE SAWAI MADHOPUR (23131) |
JAIPUR | 23136: LOHIYA GOVT. PG COLLEGE, CHURU (23136) |
JAIPUR | 23152: M.S. J. GOVT. PG COLLEGE, BHARATPUR (23152) |
JAIPUR | 2308: RAJRISHI COLLEGE, ALWAR (2308) |
JAIPUR | 23140: SH. BHAWANI NIKETAN PG BOYS COLLEGE, JAIPUR (23140) |
JAIPUR | 2312: SHRI BHAGWANDAS TODI PG COLLEG (2312) |
JAIPUR | 23130: SHRI KALYAN GOVT. PG COLLEGE, SIKAR (23130) |
GANGTOK | 2401: SIKKIM GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (2401) |
CHENNAI | 2501: DDGD VAISHNAVA COLLEGE (2501) |
CHENNAI | 25229: DON BOSCO COLLEGE VELLORE |
CHENNAI | 2534: ER. PERUMAL MANIMEKALAI P'NIC (2534) |
CHENNAI | 2578: GURU NANAK COLLEGE (2578) |
CHENNAI | 2509: SACRED HEART COLLEGE (2509) |
CHENNAI | 25160: SHRI S S S JAIN COLLEGE(WOMEN) (25160) |
CHENNAI | 25230: Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women LSC Code 25230 |
AGARTALA | 2606: R.K. MAHAVIDYALAYA (2606) |
AGARTALA | 2601: TRIPURA UNIVERSITY (2601) |
AGARTALA | 2636: WOMEN"S COLLEGE (2636) |
LUCKNOW | 27217: AWADH GIRLS DEGREE COLLEGE, LUCKNOW (27217) |
LUCKNOW | 27218: DR RAM MANOHAR LOHIA AWADH UNIVERSITY, FAIZABAD (27218) |
LUCKNOW | 2797: GOVT. MAHILA DEGREE COLLEGE PILIBHIT (2797) |
LUCKNOW | 2720: LUCKNOW CHRISTIAN P G COLLEGE (2720) |
LUCKNOW | 2767: PT. JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU (PG) COLLEGE BANDA (2767) |
KOLKATA | 2809: BANWARILAL BHALOTIA COLLEGE (2809) |
KOLKATA | 2855: BIDHAN CHANDRA COLLEGE (2855) |
KOLKATA | 2848: DURGAPUR WOMEN'S COLLEGE (2848) |
KOLKATA | 2813: MIDNAPUR COLLEGE (2813) |
KOLKATA | 28140: Muralidhar Girls' College (28140) |
KOLKATA | 28143: RANAGHAT COLLEGE (28143) |
KOLKATA | 28162: Vidyasagar College for Women IGNOU LSC 28162 |
DELHI 2 | 29060: Mata Sundri College for Women University of Delhi 29060 |
DELHI 2 | 0729: SWAMI SHRADHANAND COLLEGE (729) |
ITANAGAR | 0301: D N GOVERNMENT COLLEG ITANAGAR 0301 |
SRINAGAR | 1211: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE ANANTNAG (1211) |
SRINAGAR | 1210: GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE SOPORE (1210) |
SRINAGAR | 30039: GOVT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN M A ROAD SRINAGAR LSC 30039 |
SRINAGAR | 30012: GOVT DEGREE COLLEGE KUPWARA (30012) |
SRINAGAR | 1203: Govt Eliezer Joldan Memorial College Leh |
SRINAGAR | 1202: GOVT. AMAR SINGH COLLEGE, SRINAGAR (1202) |
SRINAGAR | 1249: GOVT. DEGREE COLLEGE KARGIL (1249) |
SRINAGAR | 30026: GOVT. DEGREE COLLEGE MAGAM (30026) |
SRINAGAR | 1209: SHRI PRATAP SINGH COLLEGE (1209) |
DEHRADUN | 2705: D.A.V. PG COLLEGE DEHRADUN (2705) |
DEHRADUN | 2762: D.S.B CAMPUS KUMAON UNIV., NAINITAL (2762) |
DEHRADUN | 2752: HNB GARHWAL UNIVERSITY, SRINAGAR (2752) |
DEHRADUN | 2711: MB PG COLLEGE HALDWANI (2711) |
DEHRADUN | 31034: RH GOVT PG COLLEGE KASHIPUR, US NAGAR (31034) |
RANCHI | 3603: GURU NANAK COLLEGE, DHANBAD (3603) |
RANCHI | 0502: JAMSHEDPUR COOPERATIVE COLLEGE (502) |
RANCHI | 32024: KARIM CITY COLLEGE JAMSHEDPUR (32024) |
RANCHI | 0513: MARWARI COLLEGE, RANCHI (513) |
RANCHI | 0528: ST. COLUMBA'S COLLEGE, HAZARIBAGH (528) |
VIJAYAWADA | 0103: KBN COLLEGE (103) |
VIJAYAWADA | 0104: TJPS COLLEGE (104) |
NAGPUR | 36062: Gondwana University Gadchiroli 36062 |
NAGPUR | 1607: GURU NANAK BHAWAN NAGPUR MAHARASHTRA |
NAGPUR | 36055: HISLOP COLLEGE NAGPUR MAHARASHTRA |
JORHAT | 0410: C.K.B. COMMERCE COLLEGE (410) |
JORHAT | 0402: D.K.D. COLLEGE (402) |
JORHAT | 0455: Darrang College, Tezpur |
JORHAT | 37015: DEBRAJ ROY COLLEGE LSC CODE 37015 |
JORHAT | 0407: DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY (407) |
JORHAT | 0413: LAKHIMPUR COMMERCE COLLEGE (413) |
JORHAT | 04171: NOWGOAN COLLEGE (4171) |
JORHAT | 0431: SIBSAGAR GIRLS COLLEGE (431) |
JORHAT | 0403: WOMENS COLLEGE TINSUKIA 0403 |
DELHI 3 Naraina | 0709: ARYA BHATT COLLEGE (709) |
NOIDA | 39022: A.K.(PG) COLLEGE HAPUR (39022) |
NOIDA | 2739: GOVERNMENT P.G. COLLEGE (2739) |
NOIDA | 27127: GOVT RAZA PG COLLEGE,RAMPUR (27127) |
NOIDA | 2738: I.P. (PG)COLLEGE BULANDSHAHR (2738) |
NOIDA | 2798: J.V. POST GRADUATE COLLEGE (2798) |
NOIDA | 47039: JAGDISH SARAN HINDU COLLEGE (47039) |
NOIDA | 39016: K.M. MAYAWATI GIRLS P.G. COLLEGE (39016) |
NOIDA | 2743: LAJPAT RAI (P.G.) COLLEGE SAHIBABAD (2743) |
NOIDA | 2707: M.M.P.G. COLLEGE MODINAGAR (2707) |
NOIDA | 3702: MAHARAJ SINGH COLLEGE, SAHARANPUR (3702) |
NOIDA | 47040: MAHATMA GANDHI MEMORIAL PG COLLEGE (47040) |
NOIDA | 39010: NANAKCHAND ANGLO SANSKRIT COLLEGE MEERUT (39010) |
NOIDA | 2749: S.D. COLLEGE, MUZAFFARNAGAR (2749) |
NOIDA | 2741: S.D. POST GRADUATE COLLEGE (2741) |
GUWAHATI | 04177: ARYA VIDYAPEETH COLLEGE (4177) |
GUWAHATI | 0411: BAJALI COLLEGE (411) |
GUWAHATI | 0404: BIRJHORA MAHAVIDYALAYA (404) |
GUWAHATI | 0448: DIPHU GOVT.COLLEGE (448) |
GUWAHATI | 04185: GOSSAIGAON COLLEGE (4185) |
GUWAHATI | 0401: Guwahati University Guwahati 0401 |
GUWAHATI | 0454: Haflong Government College, Haflong |
GUWAHATI | 0408: HANDIQUE GIRLS COLLEGE (408) |
GUWAHATI | 0449: KARIMGANJ COLLEGE (449) |
GUWAHATI | 0414: KOKRAJHAR COLLEGE (414) |
TRIVANDRUM | 1404: CATHOLICATE COLLEGE (1404) |
TRIVANDRUM | 1441: MAR IVANIOS INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE STUDIES (1441) |
TRIVANDRUM | 40031: NANJIL CATHOLIC COLLEGE OF ARTS & SCIENCE (40031) |
TRIVANDRUM | 25109: RUBEN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (25109) |
TRIVANDRUM | 2511: S.T. HINDU COLLEGE (2511) |
TRIVANDRUM | 1413: SREE NARAYANA COLLEGE (1413) |
TRIVANDRUM | 40026: Velu Thampy Memorial Arts & Science College (40026) |
JABALPUR | 1565D: GOVT. PG COLLEGE, NARSINGHPUR (1565D) |
JABALPUR | 1565: GOVT. PG COLLEGE, NARSINGHPUR (1565D) |
JABALPUR | 1599: MATA GUJARI MAHILA MAHIVIDYALYA, JABALPUR (1599) |
RAJKOT | 0914: IGNOU STUDY CENTRE JAMNAGAR (914) |
RAJKOT | 0923: TOLANI COMMERCE COLLEGE ADIPUR 0923 |
MADURAI | 2504: BISHOP HEBER COLLEGE (2504) |
MADURAI | 43078: BON SECOURS COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (43078) |
MADURAI | 43087: Central University of Tamil Nadu |
MADURAI | 2502: DR.G.R.D. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE (2502) |
MADURAI | 40032: RANI ANNA GOVT COLLEGE FOR WOMEN |
MADURAI | 2503: THIYAGARAJAR COLLEGE (2503) |
KORAPUT | 2140: NATIONAL COLLEGE (2140) |
KORAPUT | 2175: RAYAGADA COLLEGE (2175) |
KORAPUT | 2110: VIKRAM DEV COLLEGE (2110) |
SILIGURI | 45030: Surya Sen Mahavidyalaya |
DARBHANGA | 0504: BRA BIHAR UNIVERSITY (504) |
DARBHANGA | 0522: C.M. COLLEGE (522) |
DARBHANGA | 46020: K.C.T.C. COLLEGE, (46020) |
DARBHANGA | 0551: SAMASTIPUR COLLEGE (551) |
ALIGARH | 47044: SRI TIKA RAM KANYA MAHAVIDYALAYA (ONLY FOR GIRLS) (47044) |
VARANASI | 2703: ALLAHABAD DEGREE COLLEGE, ALLAHABAD (2703) |
VARANASI | 2709: DDU UNIVERSITY GORAKHPUR (2709) |
VARANASI | 2716: S.C. COLLEGE, BALLIA (2716) |
VARANASI | 48028: ST ANDREWS COLLEGE, GORAKHPUR (48028) |
VARANASI | 2708: UDAI PRATAP AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE, VARANASI (2708) |
MUMBAI | 1601: K J Somaiya College of Arts and Commerce IGNOU LSC 1601 |
PATNA | 05160: A.B. SINGH MAHAVIDYALAYA (5160) |
PATNA | 0500: IGNOU REGIONAL CENTRE PATNA LSC Code 0500 |
RAGHUNATHGANJ | 2808: GOVT. TEACHERS' TRAINING COLLEGE (2808) |
ARMY-KOLKATA | 5108: HQ 17 MTN DIV (5108) |
ARMY-KOLKATA | 5110: HQ 27 MTN DIV (5110) |
ARMY-KOLKATA | 5112: HQ 57 MTN DIVISION (5112) |
ARMY-KOLKATA | 5113: HQ 71 INF DIVISION (5113) |
ARMY-KOLKATA | 5106: IAEP HQ 17 CORPS (5106) |
ARMY-KOLKATA | 5111: IAEP STUDY CENTRE (5111) |
ARMY-KOLKATA | 5105: IAEP STUDY CENTRE HQ BENGAL AREA (SC-5105) |
ARMY-KOLKATA | 5109: IAEP, HQ 20 MTN DIVISION (5109) |
ARMY-CHANDIMANDIR | 5206: HQ 22 ARTY BDE (5206) |
ARMY-CHANDIMANDIR | 5205: HQ 9 CORPS (5205) |
ARMY-CHANDIMANDIR | 5201: WESTERN COMMAND HRDC (5201) |
ARMY-LUCKNOW | 5301: 5301 |
ARMY-LUCKNOW | 5302: 5302 |
ARMY-LUCKNOW | 5305: 5305 |
ARMY-PUNE | 5405: IAEP ARMY STUDY CENTRE 5405 (5405) |
ARMY-PUNE | 5404: SC HRDC IC/O BEG & CENTRE,PUNE |
ARMY-UDHAMPUR | 5503: HQ 15 CORPS HRDC (5503) |
ARMY-UDHAMPUR | 5504: HQ 16 CORPS HRDC (5504) |
ARMY-UDHAMPUR | 5510: HQ 19 INF DIV (5510) |
ARMY-UDHAMPUR | 5506: HQ 25 INF DIV (5506) |
ARMY-UDHAMPUR | 5511: HQ 39 MTN DIV (5511) |
ARMY-UDHAMPUR | 5501: HRDC HQ NORTHERN COMMAND (5501) |
ARMY-UDHAMPUR | 5509: IGNOU STUDY CENTRE 10 INFANTRY DIV |
ARMY-JAIPUR | 5601: 5601 |
CHANDIGARH | 2203: DDE, PB. UNI, PTL (2203) |
CHANDIGARH | 06038: Government P G College Kabari Bazar 06038 |
CHANDIGARH | 0601: USOL, PU, CHD (601) |
DELHI 1 (MOHAN ESTATE (SOUTH DELHI)) | 0711: GARGI COLLEGE (711) |
PANAJI | 0801: SH. DAMODAR COLL. OF COM & ECO. (MARGAO GOA) (801) |
VATAKARA | 1403: JDT ISLAM (1403) |
VATAKARA | 83002: NAM COLLEGE KALLIKANDY (83002) |
VATAKARA | 1405: SREE NARAYANA COLLEGE (1405) |
VISHAKHAPATNAM | 84016: 84016 SIR C R REDDY COLLEGE |
VISHAKHAPATNAM | 84002: GOVERNMENT COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (84002) |
VISHAKHAPATNAM | 0110: IDEAL COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE (0110) |
VISHAKHAPATNAM | 8400: IGNOU REGIONAL CENTRE VISAKHAPATNAM LSC Code 8400 |
VISHAKHAPATNAM | 33018: MAHARAJAH"S POST GRADUATE COLLEGE (33018) |
BIJAPUR | 1307: BLDEA'S J S S COLLEGE OF EDUCATION VIJAYAPURA (1307) |
BIJAPUR | 1304: GULBARGA UNIVERSITY CAMPUS GULBARGA (1304) |
BIJAPUR | 1303: J.S.S. COLLEGE VIDYAGIRI DHARWAD (1303) |
BIJAPUR | 1308: R.P.D. COLLEGE CAMPUS BELGAUM (1308) |
BIJAPUR | 1310: VEERASHIAVA COLLEGE BELLARY (1310) |
DEOGHAR | 3607: GIRIDIH COLLEGE (3607) |
JODHPUR | 2305: BJS RAMPURIA JAIN COLLEGE (2305) |
JODHPUR | 2307: GOVIND GURU GOVT. COLLEGE (2307) |
JODHPUR | 88010: GOVT COLLEGE DEGANA (88010) |
JODHPUR | 2361: GOVT. BANGUR P.G. COLLEGE (2361) |
JODHPUR | 2370: GOVT. COLL PRATGARH (2370) |
JODHPUR | 88054: M L B Govt College Nokha LSC Code 88054 |
JODHPUR | 88008: MAHILA P.G. MAHAVIDYALAYA (88008) |
JODHPUR | 2304: ONKARMAL SOMANI COLLEGE OF COM (2304) |
JODHPUR | 88007: SIBM NATHDWARA (88007) |
JODHPUR | 2302: VIDYA BHAWAN RURAL INSTITUTE (2302) |
AHMEDABAD | 0901: L.D. ARTS COLLEGE (901) |
AHMEDABAD | 0902: M.S. UNIVERSITY (902) |
ANGUL | 2103: GOVT COLLEGE ROURKELA |
ANGUL | 8900: IGNOU Regional Centre Angul |
ANGUL | 2134: PANCHAYAT JUNIOR COLLEGE BARAGARH |
About the programme.
The Diploma Programme in Creative Writing in English provides understanding, skills, and professional knowledge about the art of writing and develops the creative ability of those interested in a professional career as a freelance writer. The curriculum is structured to impart instruction in progressive stages so as 'to ensure that a learner can assimilate information about a writer's art and develop his/her creative ability. This Programme includes training in writing skills in relation to feature articles (women's issues, book reviews. etc), writing short stories, scripts for TV /Radio, and writing poetry.
Eligibility for admission: All applicants with a 10+2 pass will be admitted. Anyone without 10+2 but 20 years old and above will also be admitted
Programme coordinators.
COMMENTS
Diploma in Creative Writing in Hindi (DCH) Aims of DCE The Diploma Programme in Creative Writing in English provides understanding, skills and professional knowledge about the art of writing and develops the creative ability of those interested in a professional career as a freelance writer.
Diploma in Creative Writing in Hindi (DCH) Aims of DCE The Diploma Programme in Creative Writing in English provides understanding, skills and professional knowledge about the art of writing and develops the creative ability of those interested in a professional career as a freelance writer.
The Programme provides understanding, skills and professional knowledge in the art of imaginative writing in order to develop the creative ability of those interested in taking up writing as a career.
The Diploma Programme in Creative Writing in English provides understanding, skills and professional knowledge about the art of writing and develops the creative ability of those interested in a professional career as a freelance writer.
The Diploma Programme in Creative Writing in English provides understanding, skills, and professional knowledge about the art of writing and develops the creative ability of those interested in a professional career as a freelance writer.
With a substantial number of courses drawn from a single discipline (Hindi), and a few interdisciplinary and skill-based elective courses, the Bachelor’s Honoursprogramme (Hindi) is designed to give an in-depth knowledge in that discipline whileallowing for exposure to subjects beyond the discipline as well.