essay on types of jobs

Reducing the Working Week

by Hayder Ahmed (Leeds, UK)

The length of the working week does not reflect modern lifestyle needs. It should be substantially reduced to give people more leisure time and time with their families. How far do you agree with this statement? Day by day, the life is becoming more complex and very difficult and people work for long time in every day. It is agreed that the number of working day in a weak should be reduced to give workers more free time with their families. Analysing both difficulty and complexity of life nowadays as well as people work hard for long time will show this. Firstly, today, the life is complex and people spend a long time working very hard without a rest time. For instance, people work from the beginning of morning to the end of evening very hard. When they back to their home, they might be tired and stressful. Therefore, people can not find a free time to talk and discuss with their families and spend enjoyable time with them. Thus, this makes it clear why people need for more free time every week. Secondly, as people work hardly for a long time during a working day, they might be stress and their health could be not good. For example, when workers do their job, they will be standing all the time and sometime doing hard without a rest time. Thus, their body could be very tired and in a bad condition and this routine continues every day. From this, it becomes quiet evident that why decreasing the number of working day is important for people health. In summary, people are working very hard for long time. Therefore, their health condition could be bad and they do not spend more time with their families. Thus, it is clear why the idea of increasing the number of working day can not be supported. After analysing this subject, it is predicted that the drawbacks of working a long time without rest more than benefits. (295 words) ***** I'd appreciate some feedback for my essay on work and careers.

Working Part-time while at High School

Some high (secondary) school students work part-time while some do not, instead just focusing on their studies. What are the advantages and disadvantages of part-time jobs for high school students? Many high school students take up jobs in their free time. Some parents discourage their teenagers from working while studying. Both these cases have good and bad points. The students who take up part-time jobs become responsible. A job brings them income by which they get spending power. For example, a teen who works can use his money to buy his own text-books, pay for his lunch at the canteen, and also purchase personal things for himself. This reduces the burden on their parents especially in low-income families. These high school kids learn to spend wisely and hence tend to practice the art of saving for a future need. There are also drawbacks of getting themselves employment. They can get distracted from their studies. This can happen because a student may want to put in more hours of work in order to earn more cash. As a result, he will spend more time working and less time focusing on his educational side. Another downside is that with money power in his hands, he could easily fall prey to bad habits like gambling, drugs and smoking. This can lead to destruction of his academics and ultimately destroy his future career. Different homes are different when it comes to their financial state. Hence, low income groups might prefer if their children make a small earning to support themselves. However, high society people may not be in favor that their offspring gets employed as they feel it is below their status and , besides they can fund their teens.

Not Paying Taxes Essay

Some people believe that they should be able to keep all the money they earn, and should not have to pay tax to the state. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Every citizen have to pay a amount of their income. Countries implement changeable income taxes that generally depends on people`s rich rate. You will be seen end of the this Essay, how we are returning paid taxes by government. We use money every moment of our life for buying necessary things such an food, drinks and other costs to survive our life. And this provided product to us is controlling by government. There are massive official that they are working to supply our needs behind of this process. Those officials earn money from our taxes. On the other hand, governments have very large of responsibilities on own citizens such a security, relationship with other countries that is for giving right when they left their country, service that is for every sector to survive their life. To sup up, we have to pay taxes for this a lot of wheel can work. It is obligated rule for all citizens. Likely there are strict rules that someone reduce to pay income taxes , government do punish by fine or imprisonment .

IELTS Essay: Motivation to Stay in the Workforce

by storm (Bangladesh)

There are several factors that motivate people to stay in the workforce, and money is the most important. To what extent do you agree or disagree? There are lots of factor that impel peoples stay in the workforce where salary is the main reason for it. Well, I disagree with this point and I believe and think that job satisfaction is much more important than money this essay will explain why is that. First of all, I believe that job satisfaction can give a person fulfillness whereas money can not guarantee that. Even if a person gets highly payment for his job however it does not bring happiness for him. He feels stressed and compromise his consciousness for his job. That person will be in depression and end up leaving that job sooner or later cause it does not bring any enthusiasm towards the job, he is doing it just to sake for the salary. Secondly, when you have freedom and like what you do it keeps you motivated and leads you to career growth. Its is said that those love their job they can easily excel in their field or work than who puts salary in their job first. For example, I love what I do for living which gives me urge to do more and more but the salary is not as it expected but there are lots opportunities and facilities which helps me do my task easily. On the other hand, my friends work for a company where she gets highly pay for her job but she is not happy what she does in the end. She is doing the job because of the money. She stays depressed most of the time because of the job and she think about leaving it. In conclusion, I strongly believe job satisfaction is more important and essential than money. Job satisfaction gives better career growth and happiness.

IELTS Essay: Professionals Moving Abroad to Work

by Kaan (Ankara)

Some people believe that professionals, such as doctors and engineers, should be required to work in the country where they did their training. Others believe they should be free to work in another country if they wish. Discuss both opinions and give your opinion. Some people opine that experts such as doctors and engineers, must be limited to work in the country where they did their training. On the other hand, others think that they should be free to work in another country if they wish. However, I strongly believe that professionals should be free to work abroad. First, in my opinion, they cannot make a restriction on working conditions, it is not fair and it is against human rights. Because governments may not support doctors and engineers, if governments do not wish to. In this type of situation, people do not have many opportunities, and they may want to work in another country. On the other hand, maybe there is an economic crisis, and they can be affected by inflation. For instance in my country majority of engineers and doctors travel to other countries to work and also live because of inflation, unemployment and the hardship of earning good salaries. Another reason is bad working conditions. The value which has given to humans is less than another countries. Some people think the burden of high responsibilities causes stress in our country. People are bored with these types of issues. As a result, I believe that important people such as engineers and doctors should be free to work and live in another country if they wish because of economic problems, awful working conditions, low salaries, much stress and unemployment.

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9 High-Paying Writing Jobs for Word People: Editors, Writers, and Beyond

Thanks to the “starving artist” stereotype, most people don’t consider writing a lucrative career path. Outside of the few writers who luck out and make it big with a New York Times bestseller or an award-winning screenplay, people might picture a Dickensian peasant who can’t afford fingers for their gloves or, more modernly—someone like Nick from New Girl , forever mooching off his friends with quote-unquote real jobs and swearing that he’s working on his zombie novel. 

But the truth is, you don’t need to choose between your love of writing and a stable, profitable career. There are plenty of writing-centric jobs out there that pay well; you just need to know where to look.

We’ve compiled a list of nine high-paying jobs you should definitely consider if you love to write. For the purposes of this article, we’re defining a high-paying job as one where the average salary, based on data from the compensation resource PayScale , is above the median salary for all occupations in the U.S.—which, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics , was $55,068 in 2022. In many cases, the salary range and more senior roles along the same path mean your long-term earning potential is even higher.

Average salary : $57,164 Salary range: $38,000–$85,000

Editors oversee a piece of writing from inception to publication. Depending on the type of writing they’re editing (and the writer they’re working with), this can include honing the thesis, framing, and structure; ensuring the facts are accurate and the sources credible; making suggestions about how to improve the writing (for example, calling out inconsistencies in voice or tone); eliminating unnecessary sentences or paragraphs; and correcting grammar and spelling mistakes. Editors can work in a variety of settings, including for book publishers, media companies, magazines, newspapers, and any organization that produces written content or communications. 

Editors need to have an in-depth understanding of all things writing—including grammar, style, narrative, and structure. As such, most editors are writers themselves and/or hold a degree in a writing-related field (like English or journalism). The financial opportunity for editorial professionals increases as you progress in your career—with senior editors making an average of $75,646 per year and editorial directors pulling in an average of $100,936 annually.

Find editor jobs on The Muse

2. Content marketing manager

Average salary : $71,590 Salary range: $49,000–$104,000

Content marketing managers lead the charge when it comes to developing and executing content for a company. While some content marketing managers take a generalist approach, many specialize in creating and overseeing specific types of content—such as blog posts, ebooks, white papers, website content, and social media posts.

While content marketing managers do spend a significant amount of time creating content (including writing), they also spend a good amount of time on strategy—making this a great role if you love to write, but don’t want to spend all your time tapping at a keyboard. You’ll also have a chance to think about the bigger picture and figure out how content can support an organization’s overall mission and goals.

Some companies want their content marketing managers to hold degrees, but many are more interested in a candidate’s ability to strategize, create, and promote content—so as long as you’re a solid writer and understand the basics of content marketing, there are definitely opportunities to get into the field. Content marketing managers also have the opportunity for upward mobility (and the increased salary that goes with it)—with content marketing directors making an average of $103,327 per year.

Find content marketing manager jobs on The Muse

3. Communications manager

Average salary : $69,856 Salary range: $46,000–$109,000

Communications managers are, as you might guess, in charge of a company’s communications—often both internal and external. Responsibilities could include defining and developing the company’s voice, developing and managing the company’s communication strategy, writing internal guides and resources, managing client- and customer-facing communications (such as press releases, press conferences, or other media opportunities), and ensuring that all business communications, internal and external, are in line with the company’s mission and goals.

Because a communication manager is managing the company’s communication, a lot of writing and editing is involved—but there are also plenty of strategic responsibilities and opportunities to interact with colleagues and external partners to keep things interesting.

To get your foot in the door as a communications manager, you’ll need a bachelor’s degree in communications, marketing, or a related field. And while communications managers demand competitive salaries, the financial opportunities will only increase as you grow in your career—with senior communications managers making an average of $105,624 per year and VPs making an average of $156,617.

Find communications manager jobs on The Muse

4. Technical writer

Average salary : $63,929 Salary range: $46,000–$91,000

Technical writers are responsible for writing copy that translates complex technical ideas into something a general audience can read and understand—including for instruction manuals, tutorials, journal articles, and educational resources.

As the title implies, writing is the main part of any technical writing gig. But to succeed in this role, you’ll need more than writing chops; you’ll also need a deep understanding of tech-related concepts—and the ability to communicate those concepts using nontechnical language. As such, technical writers often have a degree in English, communications, journalism, or similar, along with background knowledge relevant to the subject matter they’ll be writing about, such as computer science, information technology, scientific research in a certain field, environmental policies, or manufacturing processes (although, depending on the role and company, a degree might not be required to land a job). For senior technical writers, the average salary jumps up to $86,122.

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5. Medical writer

Average salary : $78,571 Salary range: $60,000–$108,000

Similar to a technical writer, a medical writer takes extremely complex concepts and ideas and translates them into easier-to-digest copy—only medical writers have a particular focus on all things healthcare. Medical writers can work in a variety of environments, including businesses (for example, pharmaceutical companies, medical device companies, supplement companies, or health tech startups), medical associations, or healthcare providers. They may work on a number of project types, including medical articles, policy documents, or training and educational materials.

Because medical and scientific know-how is a must to succeed, most medical writers have an academic background in biology or other sciences and some have experience in the medical field (for example, as a nurse). However, depending on the role, having impeccable research skills and the ability to understand medical concepts and translate them for the target audience may be enough to get into the field. And while medical writers make a great salary from the get-go, there’s also room for growth—with senior medical writers making an average of $97,850 per year.

Find medical writer jobs on The Muse

6. PR manager

Average salary : $73,930 Salary range: $50,000–$108,000

Public relations managers (also commonly referred to as PR managers) are responsible for building brand awareness and driving positive brand sentiment for a person, company, product, or service. They might accomplish those goals by building relationships with the media, drafting press releases, developing and leading consumer-facing campaigns, and minimizing the impact of negative press—among other strategies.

PR managers may work for an independent business (like a restaurant), a business group or corporation (like a hotel chain or a book publisher), a nonprofit (like a food bank), an academic or other institution (like a university), or an individual (like a politician, celebrity, or author) and generally need a bachelor’s degree in public relations, communications, marketing, or a related field. And while PR managers enjoy a great average salary, candidates who prove they can drive brand awareness and positive press can typically demand higher compensation packages—and PR directors make an average of $100,660.

Find PR manager jobs on The Muse

7. Copywriter

Average salary : $56,592 Salary range: $40,000–$79,000

Copywriters are responsible for writing material that persuades the reader to take action—whether that’s in the form of an advertisement, a website landing page, or a sales letter. Ultimately, copywriters create the content that helps businesses drive sales—making them an incredibly valuable asset to companies looking to engage their customers and move the needle on conversions and revenue.

While some companies will require their copywriters to hold a degree, many are primarily concerned with their ability to write copy that drives results. It should be noted that while the average copywriter demands a solid salary, many companies out there are willing to pay big bucks for results—so if you’re gifted at writing sales copy, you’ll likely be able to demand a higher salary. A senior copywriter, for example, makes an average of $79,618.

Find copywriter jobs on The Muse

8. Research analyst

Average salary : $59,644 Salary range: $44,000 - $85,000

Research analysts are responsible for collecting, verifying, organizing, and analyzing data—and using it to reach key business conclusions and make data-backed recommendations to their employer. Research analysts can work in a variety of fields and departments (including finance, marketing, economics, and operations).

While much of a research analyst’s job has to do with data, another major part of their role is sharing their analysis and findings to stakeholders within the company—and that means writing detailed reports and preparing and giving presentations. So if you’re looking for a job that combines your love of research and data with your love of writing? This could be the opportunity for you.

Generally, you need at least a bachelor’s degree to get started as a research analyst, but once you’ve got your foot in the door, there’s serious opportunity for growth—with senior research analysts making an average of $71,185 per year and, for those who want to eventually take on more of a leadership role, research directors making an average of $108,966 per year.

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9. Curriculum developer

Average salary : $69,161 Salary range: $48,000–$98,000

Curriculum developers are responsible for researching and writing academic, educational, and/or training materials, including textbooks, digital and college course materials (such as outlines and syllabi), and other resources to aid in teaching and/or training. Depending on the type of curriculum they specialize in, curriculum developers may work for universities, research institutions, nonprofits, or corporations.

Most curriculum developers have at least a bachelor’s degree, top-notch research and writing skills, and in-depth knowledge in their area of focus (for example, a curriculum developer writing a textbook on math would need to have an in-depth understanding of the subject matter). Next steps on your career path might include curriculum director (with an average salary of $76,049) or training director (with an average salary of $92,412).

Find curriculum developer jobs on The Muse

Essay on Employment

Students are often asked to write an essay on Employment in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Employment

Understanding employment.

Employment is when someone works for a company or for themselves, earning money to live. It’s a crucial part of our lives, helping us support ourselves and our families.

Types of Employment

Benefits of employment.

Employment has many benefits. It provides income, helps us learn new skills, and can give us a sense of accomplishment and purpose.

So, employment is essential for economic stability and personal growth. It’s a vital part of our society.

250 Words Essay on Employment

The concept of employment, the changing landscape of employment.

The employment landscape is in a constant state of evolution, influenced by technological advancements, globalization, and socio-political shifts. The rise of the gig economy, remote work, and automation are reshaping traditional employment paradigms, necessitating adaptability and lifelong learning.

The Impact of Employment on Society

Employment impacts society in many ways. It aids in poverty reduction, enhances social inclusion, and contributes to economic growth. Conversely, unemployment can lead to social unrest and economic instability. Thus, creating sustainable employment opportunities is a key policy objective for governments worldwide.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Despite its importance, the world faces significant employment challenges. Youth unemployment, gender disparities, and the threat of job obsolescence due to AI and robotics are pressing issues. It is imperative to develop robust strategies to ensure equitable access to quality jobs and foster an environment conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship.

In conclusion, employment is a multifaceted concept with profound societal implications. As we navigate the changing employment landscape, it is essential to foster a holistic understanding of employment and its impacts, and to proactively address the challenges it presents. The future of work will be determined by our ability to adapt, innovate, and maintain a human-centric approach in the face of technological change.

500 Words Essay on Employment

Introduction.

Employment is a fundamental aspect of human life, providing not only a means of livelihood but also a sense of purpose and identity. It is a multifaceted concept that goes beyond the simple exchange of labor for wages, encompassing factors such as job satisfaction, career progression, and work-life balance.

The Importance of Employment

The dynamics of employment.

The world of employment is dynamic and constantly evolving, shaped by factors such as technological advancements, economic trends, and societal changes. Technological innovation, for instance, has led to the emergence of new industries and job roles while rendering others obsolete. This necessitates lifelong learning and adaptability among workers to stay relevant in the job market.

The Challenges of Employment

Despite its importance, achieving full, productive, and freely chosen employment is a challenge faced by many. Unemployment and underemployment, characterized by inadequate work opportunities and low-quality jobs, remain persistent issues worldwide. These challenges are further exacerbated by discrimination and inequality in the labor market, which prevent certain groups from accessing decent work.

The Future of Employment

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

Happy studying!

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Essay on Career for Students and Children

500+ words essay on career.

Career is a very important thing in one’s life. Whatever career path you choose to follow, it will impact your life greatly. Your career will define your status in a society in addition to your lifestyle. In other words, your career will determine your social circle and relationships.

Therefore, it is extremely important to choose the correct career path . From a very young age, we aspire to be something or the other. While someone aims to be a doctor, some wish to become a painter. Our career choices depend on a lot of things. Thus, it is important to consider all factors before choosing a career path.

How to Choose your Career?

You must consider a number of factors before deciding on your career. Each factor plays a significant role in your choice. Firstly, always assess yourself thoroughly. You must understand your area of interest to choose a career. For instance, someone who dances well can surely become a doctor, but his interest will always be in dance. Thus, ensure that you have the caliber to perform well in the field you choose. This will come from your area of interest itself.

After that, you look for the opportunities available as per your area of interest. Now that you are aware of what you like and dislike, you can easily look for occupations matching your passion. Make a list of the occupations you can get into following your interests. Furthermore, shorten the list you have prepared. You must do so as per what suits you best. Consult with your seniors and parents to make informed decisions.

Most importantly, acquire the skills for the career option you are interested in. Ensure you earn the qualifications and degrees for it. Try taking training programs to enhance your skills. This will give you an upper hand in knowing whether you are correct in choosing the specific career plan. Furthermore, create an impressive resume which can help you get the right opportunities.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

How to Achieve your Career Goal?

There are steps you need to take before achieving your career goal. As they say, success doesn’t come overnight. You must work along the way to accomplish your goals. There is always hope if you have the will. Firstly, create profiles on different job portals to attract the employer’s attention. When you maintain your profile well, you will be able to get good career opportunities.

Moreover, always maintain your network. Build a solid network and create sources in the field. This way you can update yourself with the latest happenings in the industry. In addition, try to attend the related seminars and workshops that happen related to your career choice. You will meet influential people of the same field who can broaden your thinking.

In short, always remember to stay determined. You can easily achieve your career goal if you set your mind to it. In other words, people usually distract themselves easily. You must not do so and focus on your career path to achieve your goals efficiently.

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The 7 Types of Essays Every Student Needs to Know

Throughout your academic career, you’ll write a lot of essays . And you’ll probably write a lot of different types of essays, such as analytical and argumentative essays. Different kinds of essays require different skills, like infusing figurative language into a personal essay to help it come alive or critically thinking through a multifaceted problem in an analytical essay to reach a solution. Essays vary in length and structure , too, with some spanning pages and others fitting neatly into just a few paragraphs.  

Get to know these seven types of essays before you’re assigned to write them. Understanding how they’re different—and how they’re the same—will turn you into an expert essayist.

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The four main types of writing

In many of the online resources you’ll find about the types of essays, you’ll find references to the four main types of writing :

• Descriptive

These aren’t four specific types of essays, but four distinct methods of communicating an essay’s theme. They are the four most commonly used of the nine traditional rhetorical modes , which also include methods like classification and process analysis. 

When you’re assigned an essay, using one of these rhetorical modes might be part of the assignment. For example, you might be asked to write an argumentative essay about a new proposed campus policy and whether it should or should not be enacted. In your essay, you’d use persuasive writing techniques, like expressing your point of view about the proposed policy and its likely repercussions, to communicate your position. 

Understanding the four main types of writing can help you understand the texts you work with better. When you’re reading an essay, try to identify which type of writing the author is using by examining the essay’s structure , tone, words used, and how the author presents their theme. By doing this, you can analyze an essay on a deeper level and write a stronger essay of your own based on those insights. 

7 types of essays to know

1   personal essays.

In a personal essay, your focus is on something that has impacted you personally. It could be an event from your past, a situation you’re currently facing, or a broader look at how different experiences and circumstances shaped you into who you are today. 

Often, personal essays employ narrative writing techniques. However, they can also rely on expository or descriptive techniques, depending on the essay’s content and theme. Personal essays can overlap with other types of essays, like argumentative, humorous, and college application essays. 

Personal essay example: The Death of a Moth by Virginia Woolf. In this essay, Woolf explores the fleeting nature of life by juxtaposing it against inevitable death by describing a moth’s final moments. 

2 Political essays

You may recognize some of the most well-known political essays from what you read in history class. These essays are pieces by famous historical and contemporary thinkers that discuss society and how it should be governed. A few famous political essayists you’ve likely read in class include Thomas Hobbes, John Rawls, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In a political essay, the author comments on present circumstances and proposes solutions to them, sometimes pulling examples of similar circumstances or solutions from history. Generally, political essays fall into the expository or persuasive writing categories. 

Political essay example: The Era of Easier Voting for Disabled People Is Over by Sarah Katz. In this essay, Katz discusses how pandemic-related changes to the voting system made voting easier for individuals with disabilities and how new bills that aim to curb voter fraud can have a negative impact on this voter population. 

3 Compare-and-contrast essays

Compare-and-contrast essays are likely one of the types of essays students write most frequently. In this kind of essay, the author exposes key differences and similarities between two subjects by comparing them to each other and contrasting them against each other. 

You might be asked to compare two novels you read for class, two historical figures from the period you’re studying, two processes used to achieve the same result, or two concepts your instructor covered. In some cases, you may be asked to compare three or even more subjects. But generally, compare-and-contrast essays involve two subjects. 

Usually, compare-and-contrast essays are pieces of expository writing, as the essay’s theme is exposed through the comparisons the author makes. They can also be pieces of persuasive writing when the comparisons are made to persuade the reader to take a specific position.

Compare-and-contrast essay example: Herman Melville’s Moby Dick and Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven . This compare-and-contrast essay explores how an individual can become unaware of and trapped by their own suffering by comparing how both authors create this dilemma for their characters in these works. 

4 College (application) essays

Not all essays you write in college count as college essays . In fact, unless you apply to graduate school or another kind of specific academic program once you’re in college, you’ll write all your college essays before you become a college student. 

A college application essay, also known as a personal statement , is a brief personal essay that highlights the personality traits and experiences that make you an ideal fit for the college to which you’re applying. These essays are evaluated alongside high school transcripts for one’s admission to college. 

Usually, college essays are written in response to specific prompts, like the prompts provided by the Common App . These prompts are crafted to help applicants write engaging, compelling personal essays by asking them to respond to multiple related points. 

College application essay examples: You can read great examples of successful college essays on websites like collegeessayguy.com . Your school might even have a collection of successful essays for applicants to read, as this page on Johns Hopkins’ website does. In one essay, Switching Shoes , by a recently accepted Johns Hopkins applicant, the writer discusses how getting out of his comfort zone by trying a new sport reshaped his perspective. It pushed him to accept feedback more readily, speak up when he has questions, and appreciate his chosen sport in a broader way. 

5 Analytical essays

Analytical essays are essays that drill down to the core components of the subject at hand and reach conclusions by thoroughly working through these components. You might be asked to write an analytical essay about the themes in a novel or about the ideas presented in a political essay. Analytical essays are pieces of expository writing; the goal with these is to present facts by interpreting content.

In an analytical essay, the author does not try to persuade the reader to take a certain position. Rather, the author presents a work, such as a movie or a short story, and analyzes its theme by discussing ways the work communicates its theme. For example, you might write an analytical essay about how the film Up communicated its theme of love being an action fueled by fulfilling promises. In illustrating this, you might bring up Russell’s dedication to earning his merit badge and Carl’s never giving up on Ellie’s goal of reaching Paradise Falls. 

In some analytical essays, the author analyzes two or more works. When this is done to compare the works, the essay can be considered both a compare-and-contrast essay and an analytical one. 

Analytical essay example: Island of Fear by Moses Martinez. In this high school–level literary analysis essay, the author explains how William Golding uses three characters in Lord of the Flies to demonstrate how differently people react to threats and trauma, even when those people are in the same environment. 

6 Argumentative essays

In an argumentative essay , you . . . well . . . argue. 

Specifically, you argue for or against a particular position. For example, your assignment might be to take a position about your school’s policy of not allowing a student to take more than two AP courses per year and support your position with data. To support your position that it’s a good policy, you might point to the correlation between how many AP courses a student takes and their average AP test scores or the hours of homework required for each AP course. 

Well-written argumentative essays don’t rely on emotional appeal. Rather, they convince readers of their positions’ merits through statistics, facts, and logic. In most cases, argumentative essays are pieces of persuasive writing . 

Argumentative essay example: Does Truth Matter? Science, Pseudoscience, and Civilization by Carl Sagan. In this essay, Sagan argues that rather than being in opposition to spirituality, science should be considered a source—perhaps the most valid source—of the kind of fulfillment people usually take from spiritual practices.  

7 Humorous essays

Another kind of essay you might find yourself reading or writing is the humorous essay. As the name implies, this kind of essay is meant to elicit laughs and entertain the reader. A humorous essay could be a personal essay that recounts a funny event in the author’s life, but it can also be a political essay that uses satire to comment on current events. As long as it’s funny and an essay, it counts as a humorous essay. 

Humorous essays generally use the same techniques that other essays use, often leaning more into the techniques found in narrative writing like descriptive language and metaphors. Often, humorous essays are pieces of descriptive writing, using hyperbolic, irreverent, or whimsical language to express a funny take on the subject covered. 

Humorous essay example: The Santaland Diaries by David Sedaris. In this essay, Sedaris writes from the perspective of a man playing an elf at a mall Santa setup. Through this point of view, he satirizes this American holiday ritual through ironic anecdotes. 

Grammarly helps polish any type of essay

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21 Types of Writing Jobs (With 80+ Examples)

21 Types of Writing Jobs ...

The world of writing is vast and multifaceted, offering a plethora of opportunities for those with a passion for words. From crafting compelling narratives to creating strategic marketing content, writing jobs are as diverse as they are rewarding. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore 21 distinct types of writing jobs, each with its own unique subcategories, totaling over 80 specific examples. 

Dive in and discover the path that resonates with your skills, interests, and career goals!

Content Writing

Content writers create engaging and informative articles, blog posts, and web content for a variety of subjects. They often write for websites, magazines, or businesses, helping to communicate ideas and information in a reader-friendly way.

Examples of Content Writing Jobs

• Article Writing: Writing in-depth articles on various subjects, often requiring research and a professional tone, suitable for magazines or websites.
• Blog Writing: Creating informal and engaging blog posts on various topics to connect with readers and provide insights, opinions, or information.
• How-to Guides: Crafting instructional guides that provide step-by-step instructions for completing tasks or understanding complex topics.
• Listicles: Writing articles in list form, often featuring top-rated products, strategies, or tips, providing easily digestible content for readers.

Copywriting

Copywriters craft persuasive text to promote products, services, or ideas. Their writing is designed to compel readers to take action, such as buying a product or signing up for a newsletter. Copywriting is prevalent in advertising, marketing, and sales.

Examples of Copywriting Jobs

• Advertising Copywriting: Writing persuasive and creative text for advertisements to capture attention and promote products or services.
• Website Copywriting: Crafting engaging and concise copy for websites, ensuring that the content aligns with brand messaging and guides user navigation.
• Direct Mail Copywriting: Creating compelling copy for direct mail campaigns, such as brochures, flyers, or email, aimed at targeted audiences.
• Product Descriptions: Writing detailed and persuasive descriptions of products to highlight features and benefits, encouraging customers to make purchases.

Technical Writing

Technical writers create clear, concise documents that explain complex topics. They often write manuals, guides, and instructional materials for technology, machinery, or scientific concepts. Clarity and accuracy are vital in technical writing.

Examples of Technical Writing Jobs

• User Manuals: Writing clear and concise guides that explain how to use a product or system, often aimed at non-technical users.
• Technical Guides: Crafting in-depth guides on complex technical subjects, often requiring specialized knowledge and the ability to convey information clearly.
• Process Documentation: Creating documents that outline specific processes or workflows within an organization or for a particular product.
• FAQ Writing: Writing Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for websites or products, providing answers to common queries in a user-friendly format.

Marketing Writing

Marketing writing involves creating written content that promotes products, services, or brands, tailored to engage specific audiences and achieve marketing goals. This can encompass various forms including content marketing, social media posts, email campaigns, newsletters, and product reviews, all crafted to inform, persuade, or entertain.

Examples of Marketing Writing Jobs

• Content Marketing Writing: Creating engaging content aimed at attracting, engaging, and retaining an audience, aligned with a brand's marketing strategy.
• Social Media Writing: Writing social media posts to promote products, events, or engage with an audience, requiring awareness of platform-specific trends and styles.
• Newsletter Writing: Crafting informative and engaging newsletters to keep an audience updated on products, news, or insights related to a brand or industry.
• E-mail Marketing Writing: Developing targeted and personalized email campaigns to promote products, services, or events, often using segmented lists and tracking metrics to optimize engagement.
• Product Review Writing: Writing detailed and persuasive product reviews, often used in affiliate marketing to encourage purchases through recommendations.

Business Writing

Business writers create documents for corporate and professional settings. This includes reports, proposals, memos, and business plans, requiring clarity, conciseness, and professionalism.

Examples of Business Writing Jobs

• Business Plan Writing: Crafting detailed business plans that outline a company's goals, strategies, and financial projections, often used to secure funding or guide development.
• Report Writing: Creating formal business reports that present data, analysis, and insights, requiring clarity and a professional tone.
• Proposal Writing: Writing business proposals to outline services, products, or projects, aiming to persuade potential clients or partners.
• Email Writing: Crafting professional and effective business emails for communication with clients, partners, or within an organization.

Financial Writing

Financial writing encompasses the creation of documents and content related to finance, economics, and investment. It requires a deep understanding of financial concepts, terminology, and current market trends, and can include various outputs such as reports, analyses, or investment guides.

Examples of Financial Writing Jobs

• Investment Analysis: Writing detailed analyses of investment opportunities, requiring knowledge of financial markets, trends, and investment strategies.
• Financial Reporting: Creating financial reports for businesses, summarizing financial performance, budgeting, and forecasting, often used by management or investors.
• Personal Finance Writing: Crafting articles or guides on personal finance topics, such as budgeting, investing, or debt management, aimed at general readers.
• Cryptocurrency Writing: Writing about cryptocurrencies, blockchain technologies, or related trends, requiring up-to-date knowledge and understanding of a rapidly evolving field.

SEO Writing

SEO (Search Engine Optimization) writers focus on creating content that ranks well in search engines. They incorporate specific keywords and follow SEO guidelines to help increase the visibility of websites and online content.

Examples of SEO Writing Jobs

• Meta Title Writing: Crafting clear and relevant meta titles for web pages, which are displayed in search engine results, aiming to accurately represent the content and entice clicks.
• Meta Description Writing: Crafting concise meta descriptions that summarize webpage content, helping search engines understand the page's relevance to specific queries.
• SEO-Optimized Blog Posts: Writing blog posts that are strategically optimized for search engines, incorporating relevant keywords and following SEO best practices.
• Landing Page Writing: Creating content for specific web pages designed to convert visitors, often focusing on a particular product, service, or call to action, with SEO in mind.

Editing and Proofreading

Editors and proofreaders review and correct written content to ensure it's free of grammatical errors, stylistically consistent, and coherent. They play a crucial role in refining and polishing a writer's work.

Examples of Editing and Proofreading Jobs

• Content Editing: Reviewing and revising content to improve clarity, coherence, and style, often working closely with writers.
• Copy Editing: Correcting grammatical and stylistic errors, ensuring consistency in tone and language use.
• Proofreading: Performing the final review of content to catch typos, errors, and formatting inconsistencies before publication.
• Academic Editing: Specializing in reviewing scholarly documents such as dissertations, theses, and research papers, ensuring adherence to academic standards.

Academic Writing

Academic writers focus on scholarly subjects, creating essays, research papers, theses, and dissertations. They must adhere to academic standards and often require in-depth research and citations from credible sources.

Examples of Academic Writing Jobs

• Thesis/Dissertation Writing: Writing in-depth research papers or dissertations for higher education, requiring extensive research, analysis, and adherence to academic standards.
• Essay Writing: Crafting essays on various subjects, often for educational purposes, requiring a clear argument, supporting evidence, and proper structuring.
• Research Paper Writing: Conducting research and writing papers on academic or scientific subjects, following rigorous methodologies and citation rules.
• Assignment Writing: Creating written assignments for educational institutions, often tailored to specific coursework or subjects, following academic guidelines.

Ghostwriting

Ghostwriters write content on behalf of someone else without taking credit for the work. They may write books, speeches, or articles for individuals who either lack the time or expertise to write themselves.

Examples of Ghostwriting Jobs

• Ghostwriting for Books: Writing full-length books on behalf of clients, enabling them to publish under their name, often including fiction, non-fiction, or memoirs.
• Ghostwriting for Blogs: Crafting blog posts for others, matching their voice and style, allowing them to maintain an active online presence without writing themselves.
• Celebrity Ghostwriting: Writing articles, books, or social media posts for celebrities, aligning with their public persona and messaging.
• Business Leader Ghostwriting: Producing content for business executives or entrepreneurs, such as speeches, articles, or books, reflecting their expertise and brand.

Creative Writing

Creative writers produce fictional works, such as novels, short stories, poetry, and scripts. They utilize their imagination and storytelling skills to entertain, provoke thought, or express artistic ideas.

Examples of Creative Writing Jobs

• Novel Writing: Crafting long-form fictional works, often involving intricate plot development, character creation, and thematic exploration.
• Short Story Writing: Writing shorter fictional pieces, allowing for creative expression within a more condensed format, often focusing on a single event or idea.
• Poetry Writing: Composing poems that utilize rhythmic and metaphorical language to express emotions, concepts, or artistic visions.
• Screenwriting: Writing scripts for film or television, requiring an understanding of visual storytelling, dialogue, and industry-specific formatting.

Resume Writing

Resume writers craft professional resumes, CVs, and cover letters tailored to specific job applications. They work closely with individuals to highlight their skills, experiences, and qualifications to potential employers.

Examples of Resume Writing Jobs

• Resume Writing: Creating professional resumes tailored to individual career goals, highlighting relevant skills, experiences, and achievements.
• Cover Letter Writing: Writing personalized cover letters to accompany resumes, introducing the applicant and explaining their fit for a specific role.
• LinkedIn Profile Writing: Crafting compelling LinkedIn profiles to showcase professional backgrounds, skills, and networks, enhancing online visibility.
• Personal Statement Writing: Composing personal statements for college or job applications, focusing on individual strengths, experiences, and motivations.

Grant Writing

Grant writers create proposals to obtain funding from government agencies, foundations, or private entities. They must present a compelling case for funding by outlining a project's purpose, budget, and benefits.

Examples of Grant Writing Jobs

• Government Grant Writing: Writing proposals to secure government funding for projects, requiring an understanding of legal regulations and alignment with government objectives.
• Non-Profit Grant Writing: Crafting applications for grants aimed at supporting non-profit organizations, often focusing on social or environmental missions.
• Research Grant Writing: Creating detailed proposals for research funding, requiring a comprehensive understanding of scientific methods, objectives, and potential outcomes.
• Corporate Grant Writing: Writing grant applications for corporate funding, often related to business development, innovation, or partnerships, requiring a business-oriented

Medical Writing

Medical writers produce content related to the healthcare industry. This includes scientific research papers, medical guides, patient information leaflets, and regulatory documents. Accuracy and compliance with industry standards are essential.

Examples of Medical Writing Jobs

• Medical Research Writing: Crafting scientific papers, abstracts, or reports in the medical field, requiring extensive knowledge of medical terminology and research methodologies.
• Patient Education Materials: Writing materials to educate patients about medical conditions, treatments, or procedures, focusing on clarity and accessibility.
• Regulatory Writing: Creating documents for regulatory agencies in healthcare, ensuring compliance with legal and ethical standards.
• Medical Marketing: Writing promotional content for medical products or services, requiring an understanding of both medical knowledge and marketing strategies.

Legal Writing

Legal writers create documents for the legal field, including contracts, legal briefs, and compliance materials. Precision, clarity, and adherence to legal standards are paramount in this form of writing.

Examples of Legal Writing Jobs

• Contract Writing: Drafting legal agreements between parties, requiring precision and understanding of legal terms and conditions.
• Legal Brief Writing: Creating detailed legal briefs to present a case in court, requiring strong argumentation and adherence to legal formatting.
• Compliance Documents: Writing documents to ensure that companies comply with laws and regulations, requiring knowledge of specific legal requirements.
• Wills and Estates Writing: Crafting legal documents related to wills and estate planning, requiring sensitivity and understanding of relevant laws.

Journalists report news, conduct interviews, and write articles for newspapers, magazines, or online publications. They strive for accuracy, fairness, and objectivity, providing readers with timely and relevant information.

Examples of Journalism Jobs

• News Reporting: Writing timely and accurate news articles on current events, requiring quick response, research, and objective presentation.
• Investigative Journalism: Conducting in-depth research to uncover and report on significant issues, often requiring a long-term commitment and meticulous verification.
• Feature Writing: Creating long-form articles that explore subjects in depth, providing detailed analysis, background, or human interest angles.
• Editorial Writing: Crafting opinion pieces or editorials that express a viewpoint on current events or issues, often reflecting the stance of a publication.

Transcription Writing

Transcriptionists convert audio or video recordings into written text. This service is widely used in legal, medical, business, and media fields, requiring attention to detail and accuracy.

Examples of Transcription Writing Jobs

• Medical Transcription : Transcribing medical recordings from healthcare professionals, requiring knowledge of medical terminology and strict confidentiality.
• Legal Transcription : Converting legal audio recordings into written documents, requiring an understanding of legal terms and adherence to legal formatting.
• Business Transcription: Transcribing business meetings, interviews, or conferences, requiring attention to detail and understanding of business language.
• General Transcription : Providing transcription services across various domains, requiring accurate typing and listening skills, often working with diverse subjects and formats.

Science Writing

Science writing involves the communication of scientific information, concepts, and research findings to a diverse audience. It can include academic writing for scholarly publications, journalistic reporting for the general public, or specialized content for professionals in fields like medicine, environmental science, or technology.

Examples of Science Writing Jobs

• Research Article Writing: Crafting scientific articles based on research findings, requiring a deep understanding of the subject matter and scientific methodologies.
• Popular Science Writing: Writing articles that translate complex scientific concepts into accessible language for the general public.
• Medical Science Writing: Creating content related to medical science, including research summaries, patient education materials, or pharmaceutical marketing.
• Environmental Science Writing: Writing about environmental topics, including conservation, climate change, or sustainability, often aimed at educating or advocating.

E-book Writing

E-book writers create digital books on a variety of subjects. They may write fiction or non-fiction e-books and often work with self-publishing platforms, allowing for flexibility and creativity.

Examples of E-book Writing Jobs

• Fiction E-Book Writing: Crafting fictional works for digital publication, ranging from novels to short story collections. This can include various genres such as romance, mystery, science fiction, and more.
• Non-Fiction E-Book Writing: Writing non-fiction e-books on subjects like history, science, self-help, or business. It requires thorough research and an ability to present facts in an engaging way.
• Educational E-Book Writing: Creating educational materials for e-book format, including textbooks, study guides, or instructional manuals, often aimed at students or learners in a specific field.
• Technical E-Book Writing: Writing technical e-books that cover specific technologies, tools, or methods, often targeted at professionals or enthusiasts in fields like IT, engineering, or specialized trades.

Travel Writing

Travel writers document their travel experiences, insights, and recommendations. They may write for travel magazines, blogs, or guidebooks, sharing their knowledge and passion for exploring new places.

Examples of Travel Writing Jobs

• Destination Guides: Writing detailed guides about travel destinations, including attractions, accommodations, culture, and insider tips.
• Travel Blogging: Creating engaging travel blog posts that share personal experiences, advice, and insights, often accompanied by photos or videos.
• Travel Reviews: Writing reviews of travel services such as hotels, restaurants, or tours, providing valuable information for other travelers.
• Travel Books: Crafting long-form travel books, often combining personal narratives, cultural observations, and practical advice.

Speech Writing

Speech writing involves crafting a spoken address or discourse, focusing on a specific topic, audience, and purpose. The writer must consider the speaker's voice, style, and goals, creating a script that is engaging, persuasive, or informative, as the occasion demands.

Examples of Speech Writing Jobs

• Political Speech Writing: Crafting speeches for political figures, focusing on persuasive rhetoric, policy details, and alignment with political messaging.
• Corporate Speech Writing: Writing speeches for business leaders, such as CEOs or managers, tailored to specific events, audiences, or corporate goals.
• Motivational Speech Writing: Creating inspiring speeches for motivational speakers, coaches, or educators, often centered around personal growth, success, or empowerment.
• Wedding Speech Writing: Crafting personalized speeches for weddings, including best man speeches, maid of honor speeches, or toasts, often mixing humor, sentiment, and celebration.

As we've explored the vast landscape of 21 types of writing jobs in this guide, one thing becomes clear: the world of writing is continually evolving, and its importance for businesses stands out prominently. With the advent of AI, the role of the writer has not only become more accessible but also more efficient, enabling writers to focus on what they do best while leveraging technology to enhance their work. 

Whether you're interested in remote work , freelance opportunities , or joining a vibrant team, your words can make a difference. With so many unique paths to explore, there's a writing job that's just right for you!

Types Of Occupations Within The Workplace Essay

Often in the world there are jobs that come across as rather boring or tedious to complete day in and day out. However, it is a must to keep these jobs as they allow us to provide basic needs for ourselves in life. Some types of occupations consist of a specialised job, with this, the five core job characteristics derived from the job characteristics model also apply to these jobs. Furthermore, the five job features are known to be skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback, each having their own importance. By identifying the characteristics, three redesigning techniques can be implemented being establishing client relationships which are, combining tasks, establishing client relationships and vertically loading the job. The specialised job holds the job characteristics and can be redesigned as well to improve on some of those five task features. Mortgage brokers are known to have very demanding jobs with having to settle deals involving different types of investment properties, providing home loan services and organise large amounts of documents. However, a mortgage broker may take upon a business intern or administrator which is a specialised job, these individuals look after their documents and organise all their client files. A specialised job can be further defined as ‘a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process’ (Williams & McWilliams 2014, p. 156). A business intern seems like a fancy name, but a primary job for them would

Old Tyme Bracket And Hanger

There are three jobs at the Old Tyme Bracket and Hanger factory that need to be redesigned for the company’s and employees benefit. These three jobs have been identified as being the worst jobs in the company due to the routine and monotonous characteristics of these job tasks. Even though these jobs are quite simple, there are a high amount of errors being made due to the high levels of boredom and the lack of responsibility associated with these tasks. According to Old Tyme the turnover rate for these positions is more than 100% per year. I have constructed some possible alternatives regarding the design of these jobs that would be beneficial to productivity and to the employees who currently work in these positions.

Occupational Profile Essay

Angelo is a 65-year-old male who has left-sided hemiparesis because of a right cerebrovascular accident that occurred 7 years ago. Though he has left upper extremity weakness, it does not affect his right upper extremity, which is his dominant side. Angelo uses a cane to ambulate between locations, yet he needs to use a rail in order to climb up stairs, and he uses an ankle-foot-orthosis to support his left foot. Although Angelo has no visual and/or perceptual deficits, Angelo struggles to flex his shoulder, extend his elbow, and both flex and extend his fingers. Angelo experiences diminished sensation on his left upper extremity, but it depends on the time of day. When Angelo sits down on a chair next to the table, he places his left upper extremity on the top of the table to support it, using his right upper extremity. In addition, Angelo is able to articulate

Essay On Career Spectrum Scavenger Hunt

| Optometrists prescribe glasses and contacts for patients who need corrective lenses, and they provide treatment options for

P1 Job Description

Job descriptions are a vital part of recruiting and managing employees. These written summaries of jobs ensure that applicants and current employees have clear understanding of their roles and what is expected of them in order to be held accountable. Despite the various job descriptions and posts for new hire, it is imperative that job descriptions be thoroughly written because it will help employees understand the major areas of their job or position and also help attract the right candidates for the job. In this essay, I will be writing on the components of job description with emphasis on the role of Operations Manager with careful analysis of the important facts about the job with respect to the tasks, tools and technology, knowledge,

Career Scavenger Hunt Essay

The relationship of the NCDA to the American Counseling Association is that the “NCDA is a founding division of the American Counseling Association and collaborates with the ACA to jointly represent the interest of counselors in congress and in the national legislative process” (NCDA, 2015).

The Foreclosure Crisis Essay

Brokers: In most states, the requirement to be a broker was the same as that to be a loan officer, except the tie was mandatory. Where I live in Georgia, the Department of Banking and Finance had accepted an application to be a broker from an individual whose previous job was working the counter at Arby’s. The Georgia DBF required only that individuals take a one week course in Federal and State regulations, and then s/he could apply for a Broker’s License. Brokers not only deal directly with perspective buyers; they hire other loan officers to do so. For a responsibility of this proportion, these individuals should be required to have an advanced degree (Master’s or higher) from an accredited university in a relevant field. They should also be required to pass a test on the federal level. Finally, with the exorbitant compensation tied to selling mortgages, brokers should bear some long term responsibility

Occupational Profile

As learned in Occupations, completing a developmental profile can be beneficial in both, learning about a client and identifying their needs. Through identifying a client’s needs, occupational therapists can create appropriate interventions to assist the client with those needs. These interventions can be beneficial in improving a clients well-being and life balance.

Career Field Essay

This discipline i choose for my career field description was structural engineering with is a branch of civil engineering. Structural engineering focuses on the framework of structures and designing structures to withstand the stresses and pressures of their environment and remain safe, stable, and secure throughout their use. In other words, structural engineers make sure that buildings don't fall down and bridges don't collapse. Structural engineering is among the oldest types of engineering, dating back to the first instance of tree branches being lashed together with vines to make a shelter. Throughout history, people have been designing and building increasingly larger and more sophisticated structures, from small huts to the International Space Station.

Occupational Profile Introduction to Occupational Therapy as Profession OT 501 Ryan Hogan One of the first things we do as an occupational therapist is to understand our patient. We perform what is know as an occupational profile. This detail profile is a set of questions that the occupational therapist will ask their new client to gain an understanding of their viewpoint and background. This profile is completed with the use of two main techniques. First the occupational therapist will ask the patient direct questions concerning them.

Career Research Essay

• 7 Works Cited

“I feel sorry for the person who can't get genuinely excited about his work. Not only will he never be satisfied, but he will never achieve anything worthwhile” (Walter Chrysler). Deciding on what one wants to be in life can prove to be a demanding task. There are so many, yet limited, different opportunities in the world to have an excellent career and make a decent living while doing something one loves. It is limited because there are only a few specific career paths that someone could take to make good money. It is very difficult to make a fulfilling living being a garbage man. There are many different opportunities because, within these specific careers, there are usually various paths to take. Someone who has dreams to be a

The Employment Status Of Workers Essay

It is certainly true that the current law defining the employment status of ‘workers’ is uncertain, as it is wholly inflexible to deal effectively with cases of non-standard forms of employment, atypical workers, for example: agency workers, part-time workers, fixed-term workers, as required workers and homeworkers. Thus, reform is necessary to redress the concerns of lack of legal certainty in relation to this area of the law.

Essential Workplace Skills Essay example

While working or while looking for work there are certain skills sets that are universally important. No matter what job or career path you have chosen these skills make it easier to obtain your goals, whatever they may be.

Career Project : Career Projects Essay

Typically, when someone hears ‘medical field’, automatically you think of people with white lab coats and a stethoscope around their neck ready to take your vitals. Obviously this comes to mind because these doctors and surgeons are the face of the medical field, but in reality there is so much more. There are actually about 300 different occupations one can have in the health care field. A large part of that is nurses. Nurses are the basis of the medical field; they are almost as important as the patients themselves. They have always been a major part of our lives. Nurses have been with us since we first opened our eyes, from birth to broken bones, nurses were there. They have very difficult and extensive careers, they dedicate their lives to their work and to their patients. Some nurses spend long nights away from their family and friends to help others, at times their shifts can last as long as 24 hours. In my opinion nurses are the real super heroes, for this reason I have decided to pursue a major in nursing. I still have a lot to learn and many years of schooling to go, but personally its worth the wait.

Job Specialisation Essay

Although specialisation does require training, but once that worker has mastered a particular skill, their able to complete assignments without much supervision or oversight, on the other hand specialisation tasks are generally repetitive and may lead to job dissatisfaction if a worker doesn’t feel motivated or challenged by their job duties (Williams & McWilliams, 2010). The purpose of this essay is to study the advantages and disadvantages of companies inserting job specialisation into their job design and application of the Job Characteristics model or JCM to diminish boredom and low job satisfaction of workers that caused by specialised job.

Essay On Career Trends

Medical assistants there have been significant changes in the management of healthcare services, both in the United States and across Europe. As a result, more middle management positions have become

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The Beginner's Guide to Writing an Essay | Steps & Examples

An academic essay is a focused piece of writing that develops an idea or argument using evidence, analysis, and interpretation.

There are many types of essays you might write as a student. The content and length of an essay depends on your level, subject of study, and course requirements. However, most essays at university level are argumentative — they aim to persuade the reader of a particular position or perspective on a topic.

The essay writing process consists of three main stages:

• Preparation: Decide on your topic, do your research, and create an essay outline.
• Writing : Set out your argument in the introduction, develop it with evidence in the main body, and wrap it up with a conclusion.
• Revision:  Check your essay on the content, organization, grammar, spelling, and formatting of your essay.

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Table of contents

Essay writing process, preparation for writing an essay, writing the introduction, writing the main body, writing the conclusion, essay checklist, lecture slides, frequently asked questions about writing an essay.

The writing process of preparation, writing, and revisions applies to every essay or paper, but the time and effort spent on each stage depends on the type of essay .

For example, if you’ve been assigned a five-paragraph expository essay for a high school class, you’ll probably spend the most time on the writing stage; for a college-level argumentative essay , on the other hand, you’ll need to spend more time researching your topic and developing an original argument before you start writing.

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Before you start writing, you should make sure you have a clear idea of what you want to say and how you’re going to say it. There are a few key steps you can follow to make sure you’re prepared:

• Understand your assignment: What is the goal of this essay? What is the length and deadline of the assignment? Is there anything you need to clarify with your teacher or professor?
• Define a topic: If you’re allowed to choose your own topic , try to pick something that you already know a bit about and that will hold your interest.
• Do your research: Read  primary and secondary sources and take notes to help you work out your position and angle on the topic. You’ll use these as evidence for your points.
• Come up with a thesis:  The thesis is the central point or argument that you want to make. A clear thesis is essential for a focused essay—you should keep referring back to it as you write.
• Create an outline: Map out the rough structure of your essay in an outline . This makes it easier to start writing and keeps you on track as you go.

Once you’ve got a clear idea of what you want to discuss, in what order, and what evidence you’ll use, you’re ready to start writing.

The introduction sets the tone for your essay. It should grab the reader’s interest and inform them of what to expect. The introduction generally comprises 10–20% of the text.

1. Hook your reader

The first sentence of the introduction should pique your reader’s interest and curiosity. This sentence is sometimes called the hook. It might be an intriguing question, a surprising fact, or a bold statement emphasizing the relevance of the topic.

Let’s say we’re writing an essay about the development of Braille (the raised-dot reading and writing system used by visually impaired people). Our hook can make a strong statement about the topic:

The invention of Braille was a major turning point in the history of disability.

2. Provide background on your topic

Next, it’s important to give context that will help your reader understand your argument. This might involve providing background information, giving an overview of important academic work or debates on the topic, and explaining difficult terms. Don’t provide too much detail in the introduction—you can elaborate in the body of your essay.

3. Present the thesis statement

Next, you should formulate your thesis statement— the central argument you’re going to make. The thesis statement provides focus and signals your position on the topic. It is usually one or two sentences long. The thesis statement for our essay on Braille could look like this:

As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness.

4. Map the structure

In longer essays, you can end the introduction by briefly describing what will be covered in each part of the essay. This guides the reader through your structure and gives a preview of how your argument will develop.

The invention of Braille marked a major turning point in the history of disability. The writing system of raised dots used by blind and visually impaired people was developed by Louis Braille in nineteenth-century France. In a society that did not value disabled people in general, blindness was particularly stigmatized, and lack of access to reading and writing was a significant barrier to social participation. The idea of tactile reading was not entirely new, but existing methods based on sighted systems were difficult to learn and use. As the first writing system designed for blind people’s needs, Braille was a groundbreaking new accessibility tool. It not only provided practical benefits, but also helped change the cultural status of blindness. This essay begins by discussing the situation of blind people in nineteenth-century Europe. It then describes the invention of Braille and the gradual process of its acceptance within blind education. Subsequently, it explores the wide-ranging effects of this invention on blind people’s social and cultural lives.

Write your essay introduction

The body of your essay is where you make arguments supporting your thesis, provide evidence, and develop your ideas. Its purpose is to present, interpret, and analyze the information and sources you have gathered to support your argument.

Length of the body text

The length of the body depends on the type of essay. On average, the body comprises 60–80% of your essay. For a high school essay, this could be just three paragraphs, but for a graduate school essay of 6,000 words, the body could take up 8–10 pages.

Paragraph structure

To give your essay a clear structure , it is important to organize it into paragraphs . Each paragraph should be centered around one main point or idea.

That idea is introduced in a  topic sentence . The topic sentence should generally lead on from the previous paragraph and introduce the point to be made in this paragraph. Transition words can be used to create clear connections between sentences.

After the topic sentence, present evidence such as data, examples, or quotes from relevant sources. Be sure to interpret and explain the evidence, and show how it helps develop your overall argument.

Lack of access to reading and writing put blind people at a serious disadvantage in nineteenth-century society. Text was one of the primary methods through which people engaged with culture, communicated with others, and accessed information; without a well-developed reading system that did not rely on sight, blind people were excluded from social participation (Weygand, 2009). While disabled people in general suffered from discrimination, blindness was widely viewed as the worst disability, and it was commonly believed that blind people were incapable of pursuing a profession or improving themselves through culture (Weygand, 2009). This demonstrates the importance of reading and writing to social status at the time: without access to text, it was considered impossible to fully participate in society. Blind people were excluded from the sighted world, but also entirely dependent on sighted people for information and education.

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The conclusion is the final paragraph of an essay. It should generally take up no more than 10–15% of the text . A strong essay conclusion :

• Returns to your thesis
• Ties together your main points
• Shows why your argument matters

A great conclusion should finish with a memorable or impactful sentence that leaves the reader with a strong final impression.

What not to include in a conclusion

To make your essay’s conclusion as strong as possible, there are a few things you should avoid. The most common mistakes are:

• Including new arguments or evidence
• Undermining your arguments (e.g. “This is just one approach of many”)
• Using concluding phrases like “To sum up…” or “In conclusion…”

Braille paved the way for dramatic cultural changes in the way blind people were treated and the opportunities available to them. Louis Braille’s innovation was to reimagine existing reading systems from a blind perspective, and the success of this invention required sighted teachers to adapt to their students’ reality instead of the other way around. In this sense, Braille helped drive broader social changes in the status of blindness. New accessibility tools provide practical advantages to those who need them, but they can also change the perspectives and attitudes of those who do not.

Write your essay conclusion

Checklist: Essay

My essay follows the requirements of the assignment (topic and length ).

My introduction sparks the reader’s interest and provides any necessary background information on the topic.

My introduction contains a thesis statement that states the focus and position of the essay.

I use paragraphs to structure the essay.

I use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph.

Each paragraph has a single focus and a clear connection to the thesis statement.

I make clear transitions between paragraphs and ideas.

My conclusion doesn’t just repeat my points, but draws connections between arguments.

I don’t introduce new arguments or evidence in the conclusion.

I have given an in-text citation for every quote or piece of information I got from another source.

I have included a reference page at the end of my essay, listing full details of all my sources.

My citations and references are correctly formatted according to the required citation style .

My essay has an interesting and informative title.

I have followed all formatting guidelines (e.g. font, page numbers, line spacing).

Your essay meets all the most important requirements. Our editors can give it a final check to help you submit with confidence.

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An essay is a focused piece of writing that explains, argues, describes, or narrates.

In high school, you may have to write many different types of essays to develop your writing skills.

Academic essays at college level are usually argumentative : you develop a clear thesis about your topic and make a case for your position using evidence, analysis and interpretation.

The structure of an essay is divided into an introduction that presents your topic and thesis statement , a body containing your in-depth analysis and arguments, and a conclusion wrapping up your ideas.

The structure of the body is flexible, but you should always spend some time thinking about how you can organize your essay to best serve your ideas.

Your essay introduction should include three main things, in this order:

• An opening hook to catch the reader’s attention.
• Relevant background information that the reader needs to know.
• A thesis statement that presents your main point or argument.

The length of each part depends on the length and complexity of your essay .

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main point of a paragraph . Everything else in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence.

At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).

Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.

The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .

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Career Essay Examples

Crafting an engaging and informative career research essay is a crucial step for students and professionals alike who are navigating the complex landscape of career planning and development. These essays serve as a bridge between one's academic pursuits and professional aspirations, offering insights into various fields, the skills required, and future job prospects. They provide a structured way to explore and articulate career goals, understand industry trends, and reflect on personal strengths and interests in relation to the job market. Whether you're a high school student contemplating your future, a college student selecting a major, or a professional considering a career change, delving into a career research essay can illuminate the path ahead.

For anyone looking to embark on this enlightening journey, exploring research essay examples can be an invaluable first step. It offers a glimpse into effective strategies for structuring your essay, choosing relevant content, and engaging your readers. Below, find a list of 10 popular career research essay topics that span a diverse range of industries and interests, reflecting the broad spectrum of career opportunities available today:

• The Evolution of the Software Developer Role in the Tech Industry : Exploring the dynamic landscape of software development, including emerging technologies and the skills needed to succeed.
• A Day in the Life of a Healthcare Professional : Investigating the roles, responsibilities, and challenges faced by healthcare workers, from nurses to surgeons.
• The Future of Renewable Energy Careers : Analyzing the growth of the renewable energy sector and the types of careers that are becoming available.
• Careers in Digital Marketing : Understanding the impact of digital marketing on business and the variety of roles within this fast-evolving field.
• The Role of Data Science in Business Decision Making : Examining how data scientists contribute to strategic decisions in business through data analysis and interpretation.
• Legal Careers in the 21st Century : A look at the changing landscape of the legal profession and the skills modern lawyers need to possess.
• Entrepreneurship and Innovation : Exploring the journey of becoming an entrepreneur and the impact of innovation on creating new business opportunities.
• Careers in Education Beyond Teaching : Investigating the diverse roles within the education sector that contribute to shaping future generations, from administration to curriculum development.
• Engineering the Future: Careers in Civil Engineering : Understanding the role of civil engineers in developing infrastructure projects and the challenges of modern urban planning.
• The Psychology Profession: A Deep Dive into Mental Health Careers : Exploring the various specialties within psychology and the importance of mental health professionals in society.

Each of these topics not only presents a rich field of study but also reflects the vast array of career paths available to individuals with different interests, strengths, and passions. By exploring career research essay examples, you can gain insights into how to approach these topics effectively, making your career research essay both informative and engaging.

Career Essay Topics and Outline Examples

Essay title 1: navigating your career path: strategies for successful career planning and development.

Thesis Statement: This essay explores effective strategies for career planning and development, emphasizing self-assessment, goal setting, skill development, networking, and adaptability as key components.

• Introduction
• Self-Assessment: Identifying Interests, Strengths, and Values
• Goal Setting: Defining Short-Term and Long-Term Career Objectives
• Skill Development: Continuous Learning and Skill Enhancement
• Networking: Building Professional Relationships and Leveraging Connections
• Adaptability: Navigating Career Changes and Challenges
• Mentorship and Guidance: Seeking Career Advice and Support
• Conclusion: Empowering Individuals to Shape Their Career Paths

Essay Title 2: The Future of Work: Exploring Career Trends in the Digital Age and Preparing for Industry Disruptions

Thesis Statement: This essay examines emerging career trends in the digital age, including automation, remote work, and gig economy jobs, and discusses strategies for preparing for industry disruptions.

• Digital Transformation: Impact on Traditional Careers and Industries
• Automation and Artificial Intelligence: Job Displacement and Upskilling
• Remote Work: Advantages, Challenges, and Future Workforce Trends
• Gig Economy and Freelancing: The Rise of Independent Career Paths
• Reskilling and Lifelong Learning: Staying Relevant in a Changing Job Market
• Adapting to Uncertainty: Developing a Flexible Career Mindset
• Conclusion: Preparing for the Shifting Landscape of Work and Employment

Essay Title 3: Balancing Work and Life: The Importance of Career Satisfaction, Well-Being, and Achieving a Fulfilling Life

Thesis Statement: This essay discusses the significance of achieving career satisfaction and work-life balance, highlighting their impact on overall well-being and the pursuit of a fulfilling life.

• Career Satisfaction: Defining Fulfillment in Professional Life
• Work-Life Balance: Strategies for Managing Workload and Personal Life
• Mental Health and Stress Management: Coping with Career-Related Challenges
• Family and Relationships: Nurturing Personal Connections Amid Career Demands
• Passion and Purpose: Aligning Career Goals with Personal Values
• Life Goals and Achievements: Pursuing a Fulfilling and Meaningful Life
• Conclusion: Striving for Career Success while Embracing Life's Joys and Challenges

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Application Essays

What this handout is about.

This handout will help you write and revise the personal statement required by many graduate programs, internships, and special academic programs.

Before you start writing

Because the application essay can have a critical effect upon your progress toward a career, you should spend significantly more time, thought, and effort on it than its typically brief length would suggest. It should reflect how you arrived at your professional goals, why the program is ideal for you, and what you bring to the program. Don’t make this a deadline task—now’s the time to write, read, rewrite, give to a reader, revise again, and on until the essay is clear, concise, and compelling. At the same time, don’t be afraid. You know most of the things you need to say already.

Read the instructions carefully. One of the basic tasks of the application essay is to follow the directions. If you don’t do what they ask, the reader may wonder if you will be able to follow directions in their program. Make sure you follow page and word limits exactly—err on the side of shortness, not length. The essay may take two forms:

• A one-page essay answering a general question
• Several short answers to more specific questions

Do some research before you start writing. Think about…

• The field. Why do you want to be a _____? No, really. Think about why you and you particularly want to enter that field. What are the benefits and what are the shortcomings? When did you become interested in the field and why? What path in that career interests you right now? Brainstorm and write these ideas out.
• The program. Why is this the program you want to be admitted to? What is special about the faculty, the courses offered, the placement record, the facilities you might be using? If you can’t think of anything particular, read the brochures they offer, go to events, or meet with a faculty member or student in the program. A word about honesty here—you may have a reason for choosing a program that wouldn’t necessarily sway your reader; for example, you want to live near the beach, or the program is the most prestigious and would look better on your resume. You don’t want to be completely straightforward in these cases and appear superficial, but skirting around them or lying can look even worse. Turn these aspects into positives. For example, you may want to go to a program in a particular location because it is a place that you know very well and have ties to, or because there is a need in your field there. Again, doing research on the program may reveal ways to legitimate even your most superficial and selfish reasons for applying.
• Yourself. What details or anecdotes would help your reader understand you? What makes you special? Is there something about your family, your education, your work/life experience, or your values that has shaped you and brought you to this career field? What motivates or interests you? Do you have special skills, like leadership, management, research, or communication? Why would the members of the program want to choose you over other applicants? Be honest with yourself and write down your ideas. If you are having trouble, ask a friend or relative to make a list of your strengths or unique qualities that you plan to read on your own (and not argue about immediately). Ask them to give you examples to back up their impressions (For example, if they say you are “caring,” ask them to describe an incident they remember in which they perceived you as caring).

Now, write a draft

This is a hard essay to write. It’s probably much more personal than any of the papers you have written for class because it’s about you, not World War II or planaria. You may want to start by just getting something—anything—on paper. Try freewriting. Think about the questions we asked above and the prompt for the essay, and then write for 15 or 30 minutes without stopping. What do you want your audience to know after reading your essay? What do you want them to feel? Don’t worry about grammar, punctuation, organization, or anything else. Just get out the ideas you have. For help getting started, see our handout on brainstorming .

Now, look at what you’ve written. Find the most relevant, memorable, concrete statements and focus in on them. Eliminate any generalizations or platitudes (“I’m a people person”, “Doctors save lives”, or “Mr. Calleson’s classes changed my life”), or anything that could be cut and pasted into anyone else’s application. Find what is specific to you about the ideas that generated those platitudes and express them more directly. Eliminate irrelevant issues (“I was a track star in high school, so I think I’ll make a good veterinarian.”) or issues that might be controversial for your reader (“My faith is the one true faith, and only nurses with that faith are worthwhile,” or “Lawyers who only care about money are evil.”).

Often, writers start out with generalizations as a way to get to the really meaningful statements, and that’s OK. Just make sure that you replace the generalizations with examples as you revise. A hint: you may find yourself writing a good, specific sentence right after a general, meaningless one. If you spot that, try to use the second sentence and delete the first.

Applications that have several short-answer essays require even more detail. Get straight to the point in every case, and address what they’ve asked you to address.

Now that you’ve generated some ideas, get a little bit pickier. It’s time to remember one of the most significant aspects of the application essay: your audience. Your readers may have thousands of essays to read, many or most of which will come from qualified applicants. This essay may be your best opportunity to communicate with the decision makers in the application process, and you don’t want to bore them, offend them, or make them feel you are wasting their time.

With this in mind:

• Do assure your audience that you understand and look forward to the challenges of the program and the field, not just the benefits.
• Do assure your audience that you understand exactly the nature of the work in the field and that you are prepared for it, psychologically and morally as well as educationally.
• Do assure your audience that you care about them and their time by writing a clear, organized, and concise essay.
• Do address any information about yourself and your application that needs to be explained (for example, weak grades or unusual coursework for your program). Include that information in your essay, and be straightforward about it. Your audience will be more impressed with your having learned from setbacks or having a unique approach than your failure to address those issues.
• Don’t waste space with information you have provided in the rest of the application. Every sentence should be effective and directly related to the rest of the essay. Don’t ramble or use fifteen words to express something you could say in eight.
• Don’t overstate your case for what you want to do, being so specific about your future goals that you come off as presumptuous or naïve (“I want to become a dentist so that I can train in wisdom tooth extraction, because I intend to focus my life’s work on taking 13 rather than 15 minutes per tooth.”). Your goals may change–show that such a change won’t devastate you.
• And, one more time, don’t write in cliches and platitudes. Every doctor wants to help save lives, every lawyer wants to work for justice—your reader has read these general cliches a million times.

Imagine the worst-case scenario (which may never come true—we’re talking hypothetically): the person who reads your essay has been in the field for decades. She is on the application committee because she has to be, and she’s read 48 essays so far that morning. You are number 49, and your reader is tired, bored, and thinking about lunch. How are you going to catch and keep her attention?

Assure your audience that you are capable academically, willing to stick to the program’s demands, and interesting to have around. For more tips, see our handout on audience .

Voice and style

The voice you use and the style in which you write can intrigue your audience. The voice you use in your essay should be yours. Remember when your high school English teacher said “never say ‘I’”? Here’s your chance to use all those “I”s you’ve been saving up. The narrative should reflect your perspective, experiences, thoughts, and emotions. Focusing on events or ideas may give your audience an indirect idea of how these things became important in forming your outlook, but many others have had equally compelling experiences. By simply talking about those events in your own voice, you put the emphasis on you rather than the event or idea. Look at this anecdote:

During the night shift at Wirth Memorial Hospital, a man walked into the Emergency Room wearing a monkey costume and holding his head. He seemed confused and was moaning in pain. One of the nurses ascertained that he had been swinging from tree branches in a local park and had hit his head when he fell out of a tree. This tragic tale signified the moment at which I realized psychiatry was the only career path I could take.

An interesting tale, yes, but what does it tell you about the narrator? The following example takes the same anecdote and recasts it to make the narrator more of a presence in the story:

I was working in the Emergency Room at Wirth Memorial Hospital one night when a man walked in wearing a monkey costume and holding his head. I could tell he was confused and in pain. After a nurse asked him a few questions, I listened in surprise as he explained that he had been a monkey all of his life and knew that it was time to live with his brothers in the trees. Like many other patients I would see that year, this man suffered from an illness that only a combination of psychological and medical care would effectively treat. I realized then that I wanted to be able to help people by using that particular combination of skills only a psychiatrist develops.

The voice you use should be approachable as well as intelligent. This essay is not the place to stun your reader with ten prepositional phrases (“the goal of my study of the field of law in the winter of my discontent can best be understood by the gathering of more information about my youth”) and thirty nouns (“the research and study of the motivation behind my insights into the field of dentistry contains many pitfalls and disappointments but even more joy and enlightenment”) per sentence. (Note: If you are having trouble forming clear sentences without all the prepositions and nouns, take a look at our handout on style .)

You may want to create an impression of expertise in the field by using specialized or technical language. But beware of this unless you really know what you are doing—a mistake will look twice as ignorant as not knowing the terms in the first place. Your audience may be smart, but you don’t want to make them turn to a dictionary or fall asleep between the first word and the period of your first sentence. Keep in mind that this is a personal statement. Would you think you were learning a lot about a person whose personal statement sounded like a journal article? Would you want to spend hours in a lab or on a committee with someone who shuns plain language?

Of course, you don’t want to be chatty to the point of making them think you only speak slang, either. Your audience may not know what “I kicked that lame-o to the curb for dissing my research project” means. Keep it casual enough to be easy to follow, but formal enough to be respectful of the audience’s intelligence.

Just use an honest voice and represent yourself as naturally as possible. It may help to think of the essay as a sort of face-to-face interview, only the interviewer isn’t actually present.

Too much style

A well-written, dramatic essay is much more memorable than one that fails to make an emotional impact on the reader. Good anecdotes and personal insights can really attract an audience’s attention. BUT be careful not to let your drama turn into melodrama. You want your reader to see your choices motivated by passion and drive, not hyperbole and a lack of reality. Don’t invent drama where there isn’t any, and don’t let the drama take over. Getting someone else to read your drafts can help you figure out when you’ve gone too far.

Taking risks

Many guides to writing application essays encourage you to take a risk, either by saying something off-beat or daring or by using a unique writing style. When done well, this strategy can work—your goal is to stand out from the rest of the applicants and taking a risk with your essay will help you do that. An essay that impresses your reader with your ability to think and express yourself in original ways and shows you really care about what you are saying is better than one that shows hesitancy, lack of imagination, or lack of interest.

But be warned: this strategy is a risk. If you don’t carefully consider what you are saying and how you are saying it, you may offend your readers or leave them with a bad impression of you as flaky, immature, or careless. Do not alienate your readers.

Some writers take risks by using irony (your suffering at the hands of a barbaric dentist led you to want to become a gentle one), beginning with a personal failure (that eventually leads to the writer’s overcoming it), or showing great imagination (one famous successful example involved a student who answered a prompt about past formative experiences by beginning with a basic answer—”I have volunteered at homeless shelters”—that evolved into a ridiculous one—”I have sealed the hole in the ozone layer with plastic wrap”). One student applying to an art program described the person he did not want to be, contrasting it with the person he thought he was and would develop into if accepted. Another person wrote an essay about her grandmother without directly linking her narrative to the fact that she was applying for medical school. Her essay was risky because it called on the reader to infer things about the student’s character and abilities from the story.

Assess your credentials and your likelihood of getting into the program before you choose to take a risk. If you have little chance of getting in, try something daring. If you are almost certainly guaranteed a spot, you have more flexibility. In any case, make sure that you answer the essay question in some identifiable way.

After you’ve written a draft

Get several people to read it and write their comments down. It is worthwhile to seek out someone in the field, perhaps a professor who has read such essays before. Give it to a friend, your mom, or a neighbor. The key is to get more than one point of view, and then compare these with your own. Remember, you are the one best equipped to judge how accurately you are representing yourself. For tips on putting this advice to good use, see our handout on getting feedback .

After you’ve received feedback, revise the essay. Put it away. Get it out and revise it again (you can see why we said to start right away—this process may take time). Get someone to read it again. Revise it again.

When you think it is totally finished, you are ready to proofread and format the essay. Check every sentence and punctuation mark. You cannot afford a careless error in this essay. (If you are not comfortable with your proofreading skills, check out our handout on editing and proofreading ).

If you find that your essay is too long, do not reformat it extensively to make it fit. Making readers deal with a nine-point font and quarter-inch margins will only irritate them. Figure out what material you can cut and cut it. For strategies for meeting word limits, see our handout on writing concisely .

Finally, proofread it again. We’re not kidding.

Other resources

Don’t be afraid to talk to professors or professionals in the field. Many of them would be flattered that you asked their advice, and they will have useful suggestions that others might not have. Also keep in mind that many colleges and professional programs offer websites addressing the personal statement. You can find them either through the website of the school to which you are applying or by searching under “personal statement” or “application essays” using a search engine.

If your schedule and ours permit, we invite you to come to the Writing Center. Be aware that during busy times in the semester, we limit students to a total of two visits to discuss application essays and personal statements (two visits per student, not per essay); we do this so that students working on papers for courses will have a better chance of being seen. Make an appointment or submit your essay to our online writing center (note that we cannot guarantee that an online tutor will help you in time).

For information on other aspects of the application process, you can consult the resources at University Career Services .

Works consulted

We consulted these works while writing this handout. This is not a comprehensive list of resources on the handout’s topic, and we encourage you to do your own research to find additional publications. Please do not use this list as a model for the format of your own reference list, as it may not match the citation style you are using. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial . We revise these tips periodically and welcome feedback.

Asher, Donald. 2012. Graduate Admissions Essays: Write Your Way Into the Graduate School of Your Choice , 4th ed. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press.

Curry, Boykin, Emily Angel Baer, and Brian Kasbar. 2003. Essays That Worked for College Applications: 50 Essays That Helped Students Get Into the Nation’s Top Colleges . New York: Ballantine Books.

Stelzer, Richard. 2002. How to Write a Winning Personal Statement for Graduate and Professional School , 3rd ed. Lawrenceville, NJ: Thomson Peterson.

You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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4 Major Types of Essay with Examples

Writing various sorts of essays effectively has become important to academic success. Essay writing is a regular school task, a requirement on college applications, and an element of standardized tests.

Choosing the proper sort of essay to write in response to a writing prompt is crucial to answering the question correctly on examinations. Clearly, students cannot afford to be puzzled about the many forms of essays.

It’s easy to become perplexed because there are over a dozen different varieties of essays. However, rest assured that the figure is more manageable. There are four basic categories of essays, with variations accounting for the remaining.

Argumentative and Expository Essays are concerned with delivering facts and making clear arguments, but Narrative and Descriptive Essays are concerned with expressing oneself creatively and writing in an engaging manner. Argumentative essays are the most prevalent sort of essay at the university level.

You must know how to write an essay before knowing the 4 major types of Essays.

Here are the 4 Major Types of Essays for you to Learn, Once you are Clear with the Structure of an Essay.

1. narrative essay :.

The writer of a narrative essay presents a story about a real-life experience. While it may appear that narrating a tale is simple, the narrative essay requires students to think about and write about themselves.

When writing a narrative essay, authors should make the story as vivid as possible in order to engage the reader. Because narrative essays are frequently written in the first person, the reader is more engaged.

Readers will feel as if they are a part of the tale if you use “I” statements. A well-written narrative essay will also progress toward a conclusion or a personal statement.

The Christmas Cake

“First of all, let me clarify that I have grown up to be a complete amateurish in cooking. My parents performed their jobs quite efficiently and they always baked those perfect cakes for me every Christmas. That night, it was me, the inexpert chef, who took the initiative to make a Christmas cake and surprise them.

To today’s date, I’ve only made several hamburgers on my own. Unfortunately, I had no clue about baking a cake. All I knew were the ingredients that I would use throughout the process. He dived completely in-depth into the recipe reflected on a book and started to set for the Christmas cake.

Then I cleaned the kitchen first and made a huge bowl sit in front of me to mix the essentials. I was excited and tensed at the same time, as it was something I tried for the first time…”

Guidelines for Writing a Narrative Essay :

These are the most basic guidelines for writing an excellent narrative essay:

• Use conversations in your article to make it more realistic.
• When structuring the document, keep the chronological sequence in mind.
• In the first paragraph of your essay , there must be a purpose.
• To interest your readers, use highlighted descriptions and sensory data.
• All of the characters, storylines, and the beginning, or climax, must be significant.

All of these factors work together in your article to accurately depict the entire scene in front of your readers’ eyes. So, if you want to write a good narrative essay, make sure you follow these rules to the letter.

2. Descriptive Essay:

A descriptive essay, like that of a narrative essay, uses words to create a picture. A writer could describe a person, a location, an item, or even a memorable memory. This is not, however, a descriptive essay for the sake of description. The goal of a descriptive essay is to convey a deeper meaning through description.

Through the use of vivid words and sensory details, the writer should show, not tell, in a descriptive essay. The finest descriptive essays appeal to the reader’s emotions, producing a vivid effect.

“Moving up to our north cabin and spending time there had always been something that I enjoyed and looked up to. It was a nice, beautiful, and serene place. It offered a lot in terms of peace and serenity that you will not find in cities. We used to look forward to our summer vacations.

So that we can go up north and experience things that we cannot do in the city. Even though time has changed and things are not as they used to be, the memory is still fresh. The atmosphere up north was quite different than in the city. When in the cabin, I marvel at how different the atmosphere and life here are then the cities.

Life in the city is full of noise and tension. You have to get up for work, and the noise of traffic would never let you relax and enjoy nature. Only if you are lucky to have it around. Things up north were different, you can enjoy the sunshine and greenery, and there is no hustle-bustle.

The air was fresh, healthy, and clean. The nights are quiet, and you can hear the animals coming out to hunt for food. Cities are filled with polluted air. This abundance of polluted air is mainly due to the heavy traffic and factories.

The air is thick due to smoke, smog, and other types of air contaminators that no one wants to breathe in. Getting clean air in a city is next to impossible…”

Guidelines of Writing a Descriptive Essay:

• Make a decision on a certain issue. Descriptive essays that are well-written stay focused at all times.
• Gather information.
• Make a rough sketch.
• Write the first paragraph of your essay.
• Body paragraphs should be written.
• In the final paragraph, summarize the essay .
• Look for methods to make your language more lively.

3. Argumentative Essay :

An argumentative essay is a piece of writing that offers a lengthy, evidence-based case. It necessitates a solid thesis statement—a well-defined viewpoint on your subject. Your goal is to persuade the reader of your argument by providing evidence like quotes and analysis.

Argumentative essays put your abilities to investigate and convey your own point of view on a subject to the test. At the undergraduate level, this is the most prevalent style of essay—almost every paper you write will include some form of argumentation.

Students Who Study Abroad Achieve Greater Success

“Much of our learning takes place outside the classroom. We learn how to maintain budgets, forge friendships, develop business relationships, and more. Imagine extending those skills on a global level.

We would immediately cease to believe the world only contains the people and things we can see but, rather, a wide variety of opinions, customs, beliefs, and ethics. This is why every college-level student must study abroad during their undergraduate years. They will learn more in that semester abroad than in any other academic year.

According to IES Abroad, a company that encourages students to become international leaders, students who study abroad are more likely to be accepted into the graduate degree program of their choice. In fact, 90% of students who studied abroad with IES are admitted to their first or second choice for graduate school.

Imagine walking into an interview and being able to discuss preparing the most popular dish in India or organizing the best route to take from Sydney, Australia to Perth. Not only does this strike up a memorable conversation, but it also demonstrates a student’s fierce independence and determination.

All this makes someone who has studied abroad a more desirable candidate for their dream job. As if IES Abroad’s statistic above was not astounding enough, it has been proven that 97% of students who study abroad find employment within 12 months of graduation…..”

Guidelines of Writing an Argumentative Essay:

• The thesis that is well-structured. The introduction to the argument is the first step in writing an argumentative essay.
• Body Paragraphs that support the thesis statement.  The essay has three body paragraphs that support the thesis’ statements.
• Arguments in opposition.
• A conclusion that is persuasive.
• Phrases that bridge the gap.

4. Expository Essay:

An expository essay is a piece of writing that provides a balanced overview of a subject. In an expository essay, the writer uses facts, data, and examples to illustrate or clarify a topic.

Expository writing includes a variety of essay types, including comparison and contrast essays, cause and effect essays, and “how to” or process essays . Expository essays do not show emotions or write in the first person since they are based on facts rather than personal feelings.

“This morning at 9 am, a school bus collided with a car at the intersection of Jones and Heard streets. There were no injuries on the school bus, but medical personnel performed checks on each student and the driver before those students were transported to their schools.

The driver of the car sustained slight, non-life-threatening injuries. He was transported to the local hospital. The accident is still under investigation at this time.

Advances in science and technology have made the use of “green” energy possible. In places where climate conditions permit, people are able to use solar energy or wind energy for power. Solar energy is the use of sunlight for energy and power.

Humans are able to harness the energy of the sun by installing solar panels on their homes or businesses . Humans have also found ways to harness the power of the wind by using wind turbines to capture wind energy. Both of these forms of “green” energy are being used more and more.

The school science fair was a success again this year! We had 15 teams participating, and they all had amazing projects. Each team consisted of two students who designed a science experiment to test a hypothesis, created a display of their experiment and results, and presented their display to the judges.

The winners this year are Sarah Jones and Mark Gordon, who hypothesized that students get into less trouble in the classroom on days when it is sunny outside.

The judges were very impressed with their data collection methods, which included asking teachers to share information on how many students earned stars at the end of each day. They correlated this information with their own data about the weather-sunny, cloudy, or rainy…”

Guidelines for Writing an Expository Essay:

• Choose the essay structure
• Start with an outline
• Verify point of view requirements
• Focus on clarity

Now that you know how to write an essay and the different types of essays, what are you waiting for? Start writing your essay today itself. Oh, do not worry about the errors and mistakes. We always have your back for that. You can close your eyes and rely on editing and proofreading services to make your essay completely immaculate.

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An essay is a highly versatile, non-fictional piece of writing aimed at persuading, informing, or entertaining the reader. It can serve multiple functions, such as taking a stance on topics, disproving widely believed myths, and sharing interesting anecdotes. 

There are various styles and types of essay writing that can be used to serve specific functions. In this article, we’ll take a detailed look at the four main types of essays, along with the combinations and derivations of these types. Let us understand what are the different types of essays.

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What are the four main types of essays?

There are four types of essays you can write depending on the message you want to convey. They include narrative essays, descriptive essays, argumentative essays, and expository essays.  

Narrative and descriptive essays aim to tell a story or describe an immersive experience with the help of sensory descriptors. Expository and argumentative essays aim to educate and inform the reader on a particular topic. 

There are many more types of essay that are a combination or derivation of these four essay types. Here are the four main types of essays. To help you better understand these essay types, we’ve also constructed relevant example essays. 

1. Narrative essay 

A narrative essay  is a type of writing that involves telling a story using either highly specific or open-ended prompts. It is a form of personal and creative nonfiction that tests your ability to build up your story in a well-structured format. The use of storytelling techniques such as similes, metaphors, alliteration, imagery, and dialogue is common in narrative essay writing.

It typically begins with the introduction of the settings and characters of the story. The body consists of the highlights of your life, often described with the help of vivid imagery. The conclusion includes reflections on the meaning or significance of the events, as well as any lessons learned or insights gained from experience.

A personal statement is one example of a narrative essay, where you tell a story about yourself in order to convince the reader of your suitability for a particular role or position.

Let’s understand the structure of a narrative essay better with the help of this example: 

My First Job as a Server

My first job as a server was a crash course in hard work, patience, and resilience. I was eager to work and earn my own money, but I had no idea what I had signed up for.

I soon discovered that this job was no walk in the park. I had to constantly be on my feet, multitasking and juggling multiple orders at once. But with the help of my manager and fellow servers, I was quickly able to learn the ropes.

One of the biggest challenges I faced was being patient with irate customers. Initially, their harsh words made me doubt my abilities. But, over time I developed a thick skin and became immune to their comments. 

These experiences taught me to be patient with myself as well as with others. I developed a sense of empathy, that I never would have otherwise and learned not to take things personally. Due to the fast-paced restaurant environment, I also learned how to multitask and manage my time efficiently.

Looking back, I can confidently say that these experiences shaped me into the person I am today.  These lessons have stayed with me throughout and continue to influence the way I approach challenges.

2. Descriptive essay

A descriptive essay aims to provide an immersive experience for the reader by using sensory descriptors. Unlike a narrative essay, which tells a story, a descriptive essay has a narrower scope and focuses on one particular subject or aspect of a story.

For example, a descriptive essay about a beach may describe the warmth of the sand underfoot, the sound of the waves crashing against the shore, the salty smell of the ocean breeze, and the taste of saltwater on the lips. These sensory details bring the reader into the experience and allow them to imagine themselves in the setting.

One key tip for a descriptive essay is to choose your words carefully, using language that is both specific and evocative. By doing so, you can create a strong emotional connection between the reader and the subject of the essay. The goal is to make the reader feel as though they are a part of the setting, experiencing it firsthand.

Let’s understand this in more detail with the help of an example:

Cherry Blossoms in Japan

Japan’s cherry blossom season is a magical time of year when the country is covered in a sea of pink and white petals. The colors are striking and seem to change with the light and angle of the sun. 

The soft, delicate petals dance in the wind, filling the air with a sweet fragrance that can be smelled everywhere. The sound of the petals rustling and swaying in the breeze is soothing and calming. 

Families and friends gather beneath the trees, enjoying picnics and drinks, adding to the festive atmosphere. The taste of the cherry blossom is subtle but distinct, and many Japanese sweets and drinks are flavored with sakura. 

The essence of the cherry blossom is hope and renewal, reminding us of the fleeting nature of life and the importance of savoring each moment. It is a time when the entire country comes together to celebrate life’s beauty and the present moment. 

Witnessing the cherry blossom in Japan is a sensory feast that evokes feelings of joy, wonder, and gratitude. It is an unforgettable experience that should not be missed.

3. Argumentative essays

An argumentative essay is an extended argument that aims to persuade the reader to adopt a particular stance based on factual information and statistics. It is one of the most common forms of college essays.

The purpose of an argumentative essay is to present a well-reasoned and well-supported argument in favor of a particular position. You must provide relevant evidence, logical reasoning, and convincing arguments to support your stance. The goal is to convince the reader to accept your point of view.

To write an effective argumentative essay, you must conduct thorough research. This involves gathering reliable sources of information, analyzing it, and synthesizing it into a coherent argument. You should also consider counterarguments and address them in your essay to strengthen your position.

Let’s take a look at an example:

The Power of Positive Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement is a powerful tool for motivating individuals and increasing performance efficiency. It involves rewarding desired behavior, rather than punishing negative behavior. Research has shown that positive reinforcement can be highly effective in both school and workplace settings.

In a study conducted by the University of Melbourne, researchers found that students who received positive feedback from their teachers were more likely to be engaged and motivated. They were also more likely to participate in class and have better academic performance.

Similarly, in a corporate setting, positive reinforcement has been shown to improve employee morale and job satisfaction. A study by the Society for Human Resource Management found that 89% showed high levels of motivation when their achievements were recognized and appreciated. Additionally, 86% of employees showed increased job satisfaction.

Positive feedback, also helps individuals think creatively and develop strong problem-solving skills. A study conducted by the University of Illinois involved participants engaging in a brainstorming task, where some were provided with positive feedback and others were not. The results showed that those who received positive feedback demonstrated significantly greater creativity and better problem-solving abilities than those who did not.

Positive reinforcement is proven to be powerful tool that should be implemented in both academic and corporate settings. It not only improves academic and workplace achievements but also promotes creativity and problem-solving skills. 

4. Expository essays

An expository essay is a common format used in school and college exams to assess your understanding of a specific topic. The purpose of an expository essay is to present and explore a topic thoroughly without taking any particular stance or expressing personal opinions.

An expository essay does not require an original argument and requires less research as compared to an argumentative essay. However, you should be able to cover a topic from all angles and provide factual information to support your argument. You should also be able to structure your essay in a well-organized, logical format, with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion.  

The term “expository essay” is an umbrella term used to describe several different types of essays. They include classification essays, definition essays, compare and contrast essays, and cause and effect essays.

The Legacy of Thomas Edison 

Thomas Edison was one of the most important inventors in history, credited with over 1,000 patents during his lifetime. He was born in Ohio in 1847 and grew up in Michigan, where he received very little formal education. Despite this, Edison showed a strong interest in science and technology from an early age and began conducting experiments in his spare time.

In his early career, Edison worked as a telegraph operator and began to develop his own inventions, including an improved stock ticker and a quadruplex telegraph system. In 1877, he invented the phonograph, a device that could record and play back sound. This invention helped establish Edison as a leading inventor and made him a household name.

One of Edison’s most famous inventions was the incandescent light bulb, which he developed in the late 1870s. This invention revolutionized the way people lived, allowing them to work and live comfortably even after sunset. Edison’s work on the light bulb led to the development of the electrical power grid, which helped bring electricity to homes and businesses across the country.

Throughout his career, Edison remained committed to the idea of practical invention, focusing on creating devices that would have a real impact on people’s lives. He famously said, “Anything that won’t sell, I don’t want to invent. Its sale is proof of utility, and utility is success.”

Overall, Thomas Edison’s impact on the world of invention and innovation cannot be overstated. His inventions helped transform the world and set the stage for many of the technological advances that we enjoy today.

Other types of essays

Now that we’ve looked at the four main types of essays, let’s take a look at the combinations and derivations of these types.

These different types of essays include:  

1. Persuasive essays

These types of essays aim to convince the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint. They achieve this by using personal anecdotes and experiences, which are backed up by factual evidence. Although they share some similarities with argumentative essays, persuasive essays place greater emphasis on emotion and personal narratives, on top of providing factual evidence.

Persuasive essays follow three methods of persuasion: Ethos, pathos, and logos. These methods are utilized to effectively convince the reader to adopt a particular viewpoint. 

• Ethos involves establishing the writer’s strong moral character, creating a sense of trustworthiness and reliability with the reader. 
• Pathos aims to evoke an emotional response from the reader in order to sway them toward the writer’s viewpoint. 
• Logos relies on providing the reader with hard facts, statistics, and evidence to convince them to adopt the writer’s standpoint.

Here’s an example: 

Importance of Mental Health Days in Corporate Settings

Employees need mental health days for their overall wellbeing and productivity. According to the World Health Organization, one in four people globally are affected by mental health disorders, which can lead to absenteeism, presenteeism, and decreased productivity in the workplace.

Taking a mental health day can provide a necessary break from work-related stress and allow employees to focus on their mental well-being. It can help prevent burnout and reduce the risk of developing serious issues such as depression or anxiety. Employees who feel supported in taking mental health days are more likely to return to work feeling refreshed and recharged, leading to increased productivity and creativity.

Furthermore, promoting mental health days in the workplace can foster a culture of transparency and support. When employees feel comfortable discussing their concerns with their employers and colleagues, it creates a sense of trust and understanding. This can lead to a more positive work environment and a higher level of employee morale.

In conclusion, mental health days are not a luxury, but a necessity for maintaining employees’ mental health and wellbeing. Employers who recognize the importance of mental health days and actively promote them in the workplace can create a more productive, positive, and healthy work environment for their employees.

2. Critical essays

A critical essay is not necessarily an evaluative piece of writing, but rather a thoughtful and analytical approach to interpreting a work of art. Through this process, you can provide valuable insights that enhance the reader’s appreciation and understanding of a piece.

These types of essays are common projects assigned to students in school or college. They involve the analysis and interpretation of a text or a visual medium. It goes beyond criticism despite the negative connotation of the term “critical”. It analyzes themes, characters, plots, and other crucial aspects to gain a deeper insight into the message or purpose of a literary or visual piece.

The critical essay-writing process involves actively reading or observing a piece of art or literature and forming a central idea or thesis statement on the basis of these observations. The body paragraphs consist of topic sentences that bolster the thesis statement, along with pieces of evidence proving these statements. The conclusion consists of the summary of the most impactful parts of your essay along with a powerful concluding statement.

While writing a critical essay or literary analysis essay , it is crucial to inspect every little aspect of a piece. For example, when writing a critical essay on a poem, it is essential to analyze its structure, the specific use of language, and the various literary devices used by the poet. By examining these elements, you can effectively explain its intended message.

Take a look at an example: 

The Surreal Narrative of Virginia Woolf’s A Haunted House

Virginia Woolf’s A Haunted House is a surreal narrative that explores the interplay of light and shadow, the instability of time, and the haunting silence of an old house. The narrator’s state of mind is between sleep and wakefulness, which is reflected in the hazy lighting of the setting. The events of the night are narrated in the present tense, while the narrator’s waking hours are narrated in the past tense, heightening the sense of eeriness. The story takes place inside the narrator’s mind, bearing an imprint of their unconscious.

The provocation that “nothing really happens in A Haunted House” is inappropriate because it assumes there is one absolute reality in which events naturally unfold. In Woolf’s essay Modern Fiction , she reflects on the essential thing one looks for in fiction, which is often lost due to stagnant literary conventions like plot. Woolf rejects the realistic mode of storytelling to find a better form for the essential thing, which she creates out of the consciousness of her narrator.

One may argue that the narrator’s consciousness imagines the disembodied selves of old writers as the ghostly couple and gives form to “the light in the heart” when the ghosts bury it inside the house. The act of giving form to “the light in the heart” connects the new writer to the ghostly selves of old writers. These are the things that happen in the story.

In conclusion, the surreal narrative of A Haunted House is an exploration of the interplay of light and shadow, the instability of time, and the haunting silence of an old house. Through her rejection of stagnant literary conventions and the creation of a new reality shaped by the consciousness of her narrator, Woolf gives form to “the essential thing” in fiction.

3. Reflective essays

These essays provide an opportunity for you to share your personal insights, opinions, and reflections on an experience. They are highly creative and typically employ the first-person point of view. 

Through this form of writing, you can take the time to reflect on the meaning and significance of certain life events and their impact on you. It also allows you to share your key takeaways or lessons you’ve learned from these events. 

Here’s an example:

A Trip to My Home Country

My trip to Kenya, my home country, was an eye-opening experience that left a lasting impact on me. As a Kenyan-American, I had grown up hearing stories about my parents’ home country, but nothing prepared me for the reality of it. The vibrant colors, the delicious smells, and the welcoming people all contributed to a truly inspiring trip.

One of the most memorable moments was visiting a rural village and meeting a group of young girls who were determined to receive an education. Despite facing significant obstacles, such as the societal pressure to prioritize marriage over education, these girls were highly committed to their goals. It was truly inspiring to see their resilience and made me reflect on my own privileges and opportunities in life.

The trip also made me realize the importance of preserving one’s cultural heritage. As a Kenyan American who was born and raised in the United States, I had never fully appreciated the richness and diversity of Kenyan culture. However, being immersed in it made me realize the importance of keeping these traditions alive.

Overall, my trip to Kenya inspired me to be more appreciative of my cultural heritage, to work towards social justice and equality, and to never take my privileges for granted. It was a truly life-changing experience that will stay with me forever.

The next step to creating a perfect essay is thorough editing. You can either choose to edit it yourself or make things easier for yourself by consulting a professional essay editing service . Which you all the best in your essay-writing journey!

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Reporting to the Director of Recruitment & Admissions, the Associate Director serves as a strategic partner in achieving the recruitment goals for the College of Visual & Performing Arts ( VPA ) and in leading the recruitment team. The Associate Director will collaborate in setting the strategic plan and develop, recommend and implement tactics for achieving the goals outlined in the plan, to include enrollment and matriculation goals for both undergraduate and graduate students; research, outreach and engagement of prospective students to create a strong pipeline; recruitment of internal and external students for study away programs offered by  VPA ; and transfer students identified with academic partners. The Associate Director will lead the team in creating the operations and staffing plan for recruiting travel, on-campus and virtual events, and the student ambassador program and will develop standards and accountability for ensuring all recruitment and admissions programs represent a world-class reputation for Syracuse University and  VPA  as a preferred destination for an education in the arts.

• Bachelor’s degree in Fine Arts, Business, Communications or related field
• Two (2 +) plus years previous experience in student recruiting with proven ability to develop and execute strategic recruiting initiatives
• Two (2+) plus years experience in leading/supervising a team and supporting a positive, collaborative work environment
• Advanced knowledge of fine arts, music or design achieved through formal education or informal pursuits preferred
• Exceptional verbal and written communications skills with public speaking, presentation and ability to influence
• Previous experience in business development or sales preferred
• Availability and willingness to travel within the US, including weekend travel
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• Availability and willingness to cover on-campus events on evenings and weekends as necessary
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• Continuously participates and guides Recruitment Specialists in prospecting initiatives to include outreach strategies for new sources and pipelines for prospective students.
• Trains the recruiting team (both the direct team and ancillary faculty, staff and student staff involved in recruiting) on communicating the distinctive benefits of a  VPA  education.
• Proposes strategic plans to the Director annually to meet enrollment goals for each  VPA  school, to include new sources and relationships to address underperforming targets; executes agreed upon plans.
• Personally handles and staffs on-and off-campus recruiting events, modeling the strong communications, relationship-building and presentation techniques which positively affect  VPA  enrollment outcomes; serves as a  VPA  brand ambassador, showcasing the exceptional culture of SU and  VPA .
• Partners closely with the Operations team to plan and execute events flawlessly, creating a world-class experience for prospective students and their families.
• Serve on the undergraduate admissions application review team for  VPA .
• Creates metrics and regularly measures the outcomes and effectiveness of recruiting initiatives, outreach and events; makes recommendations to the Director regarding updates to strategies based on metrics.
• Actively cultivates the value proposition for prospective undergraduate and graduate students and communicates the distinctive benefits of a  VPA  education.
• Works closely with faculty to develop working knowledge of the talent disciplines within each  VPA  school in order to provide talent/portfolio review and enhance success rates for incoming students.

What work is on Amazon Relay?

Want steady work and business growth? On Relay, your company can book thousands of Amazon trucking work across North America for free. Keep reading to learn the long and the short of hauling with Amazon Relay.

Note: Relay carriers are independent contractors and are not Amazon employees. Carriers employ their own drivers.

Types of trucking on Relay

Whether your business thrives on over-the-road adventures or in-town trips, you can search loads on Relay by work type.

Dedicated trucking vs. spot work

• Spot freight: Spot loads provide flexible work options for carriers and drivers. Also known as “fast freight,” Relay has thousands of last-minute loads to instantly book, so you can fill gaps with work based on your preferences.
• Contracts: If consistency is what you’re after, Relay offers short-term contracts weeks in advance.

Local hauls vs. regional hauls

Yup – Amazon Relay is in your area. There are Amazon carrier facility locations coast to coast, and every Relay load search starts with the origin and radius you’re trying to book.

Solo trucking vs. team trucking

Along with different Amazon facility locations, there are multiple driver types to choose from on Relay’s load board and contract marketplace.

Equipment needed to haul with Amazon

You can save money on overhead costs by hauling Amazon’s signature blue, pre-loaded trailers, or put your own equipment to work. We’ve got box truck work, as well as loads for reefers and dry vans, so you can find work for the type of equipment that fits your company.

• Tractor: day cab, 26' and 16’ box truck*, sleeper cab
• Trailer: 48’ trailer, 53’ dry van, 53’ reefer, 20’ container, 40’ and 40’ high cube container

In addition to using the load board equipment filters, trucks can be automatically matched to a load using Post A Truck , and idle trailers can be leased to Amazon for pick-up through our equipment marketplace .

What to expect

Amazon Relay is more than a load board . We’re here to make trucking more efficient. Our work includes:

• Light load weights. Relay’s loads average ~25K pounds, which can help you save on fuel and tractor wear-and-tear expenses.
• Discounts on fuel, tires, truck rentals and more.
• Fuel that’s paid out separately from your all-in rate. We calculate fuel surcharge to carriers so that you’re paid for fuel expenses as the market fluctuates.
• A mobile app for drivers that provides truck-friendly navigation and route-specific weather alerts.

Sound good? Start an application.

Book trucking work on Amazon Relay

Relay makes it easy to find and book work for any type of operation. As an independent contractor, you can quickly and confidently find loads using recommendations, saved criteria, or a quick and easy search. Learn more about how to book Amazon Relay loads or start your sign up . You can also download the Relay app on  iOS  or  Android to get started and track your application’s progress on the go.

Disclaimer: Amazon does not tender loads through any third-party load boards. Any Amazon loads posted on third-party load boards will only be tendered directly to approved and onboarded carriers via the Relay web portal or Relay mobile app. If you are interested in hauling loads for Amazon, sign up and book directly on relay.amazon.com .

Title Page Setup

A title page is required for all APA Style papers. There are both student and professional versions of the title page. Students should use the student version of the title page unless their instructor or institution has requested they use the professional version. APA provides a student title page guide (PDF, 199KB) to assist students in creating their title pages.

Student title page

The student title page includes the paper title, author names (the byline), author affiliation, course number and name for which the paper is being submitted, instructor name, assignment due date, and page number, as shown in this example.

Title page setup is covered in the seventh edition APA Style manuals in the Publication Manual Section 2.3 and the Concise Guide Section 1.6

Related handouts

• Student Title Page Guide (PDF, 263KB)
• Student Paper Setup Guide (PDF, 3MB)

Student papers do not include a running head unless requested by the instructor or institution.

Follow the guidelines described next to format each element of the student title page.

Professional title page

The professional title page includes the paper title, author names (the byline), author affiliation(s), author note, running head, and page number, as shown in the following example.

Follow the guidelines described next to format each element of the professional title page.

Multiplexing in Networks and Diffusion

39 Pages Posted: 14 Aug 2024

Arun G. Chandrasekhar

Stanford University - Department of Economics

Vasu Chaudhary

Northwestern University

Benjamin Golub

Matthew o. jackson.

Stanford University - Department of Economics; Santa Fe Institute

Date Written: August 13, 2024

A network is called multiplexed if a pair of people (nodes) can be linked through multiple types of relationships. For instance, they may borrow from one set of people and seek advice from a (possibly overlapping but) different set of people. We make three contributions to the study of multiplexing. First, we document facts about multiplexing in two different datasets. Network layers such as socializing, advising, helping, and financial ties exhibit significant correlations but also distinct patterns. Further, subcaste and geography-often used proxies for social networks-have little correlation with other layers. Second, using data from a randomized controlled trial of information diffusion, we show that advice links are more predictive of diffusion than other types of links; but also that the combination of layers is significantly more predictive than any single one. We also show that villages with higher multiplexing (greater overlap among layers) experience less diffusion of information in the RCT. Third, we develop a model of diffusion with many network layers, and show that multiplexing impedes simple contagions like disease or simple information spread but, depending on the virality of the process, may enhance or impede complex contagions that require reinforcement from multiple interactions like the spread of a new technology. Finally, we document heterogeneities in multiplexing by gender and connectedness.

Keywords: Networks, Social Networks, Multiplex, Multi-Layer, Diffusion, Contagion, Complex Contagion JEL codes: D85, D13, L14, O12, Z13

JEL Classification: D85, D13, L14, O12, Z13

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Stanford University - Department of Economics ( email )

Landau Economics Building 579 Serra Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6072 United States

Northwestern University ( email )

Evanston, IL 60201 United States

Matthew O. Jackson (Contact Author)

Landau Economics Building 579 Serra Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6072 United States 1-650-723-3544 (Phone)

HOME PAGE: http://www.stanford.edu/~jacksonm

Santa Fe Institute

1399 Hyde Park Road Santa Fe, NM 87501 United States

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